摘 要
近年来,随着科技的发展和人们安全防范意识的提高,钢质防盗门和钢质窗户防盗网等传统的防盗措施已不能满足人们的需要。迫切需要一种面向普通家庭用户,性价比高,运行可靠,可拒非法入侵者于户外的智能防盗报警系统来代替防盗门、防盗网。因此本设计的目的就是为了找到一种适合普通家庭式防盗系统。
该系统采用了超声波测距传感器与单片机的结合,其中采用超声波测距传感器来提供报警信号的方法使得成本低,易于维护,探头小,可安放于隐蔽的地方且不易被发现,接受信号灵敏,因此有明显的优势和广阔的发展前景。
本次设计的产品以AT89C52单片机作为系统控制核心,完成对外来人员的连续监测,提供了一个带有4位LED显示、并使其集中到一块面板上,使得操作方便快捷,直接在LED显示实时温度,该设计中使用DS18B20作为温度测量传感器,对温度进行实时采集,使用红外传感器采集人体信号信息,使用烟雾传感器采对气体烟雾进行检测,返回信号都由单片机接收并将信息反馈出来。
该系统不仅具有传统防盗控制方法的优点,还具有易于维护和实现非接触、高可靠监测的特点,并且硬件开销成本低,适宜大多数普通家庭、寝室、办公住所等。
关键词: 单片机; 红外检测; 温度检测; 烟雾检测
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Abstract
In recent years, with the development of science and technology and people safety awareness enhancement, steel guard against theft and steel window dooryard tradition such as preventive measures already cannot satisfy people's needs. In desperate need of a user oriented to ordinary families, cost-effective and reliable operation, may refuse illegal invaders in the outdoors intelligent anti-theft alarm system to replace burglary-resisting door and dooryard. So this design goal is to find a suitable for ordinary family security systems.
This intelligent security control system application design method and general anti-theft system is different, this system USES a ultrasonic range-finding sensors and MCU combination, including ultrasonic range-finding sensors to provide alarm signal approach to make the low cost and easy maintenance, probe small, can put in hidden place and will not be discovered, accept signal sensitive, therefore has the obvious advantages and prospect.
This design is for intelligent security control system design and research. Initially find information, produce the overall design thoughts, then draw principle diagram, welding hardware and software and hardware debugging. The design of the product by AT89C52 single chip computer as control core and complete system of nonnative personnel, provides a continuous monitoring with four LED display, and make it on a panel, make convenient operation directly in LED display real-time temperature, this design USES DS18B20 as temperature measurement of the temperature sensor, real-time acquisition, using infrared sensors to collect information, the use of human body signals to smoke sensors gather smoke for testing, return gas by microcontroller receiving signal and information feedback out.
The system design is simple and not only inherited the traditional security control method, also has the advantages of easy maintenance and realize non-contact, high reliable monitoring, and the characteristic of hardware overhead cost low, suitable for most ordinary families, dormitories, office accommodation, etc.
Keywords: SCM;Infrared detection;Temperature detection;Smoke detection
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1 绪 论 ................................................................ 1
1.1 防火防盗报警系统的概述 ........................................................................................ 1 1.2 国内外防盗控制系统的历史、现状与发展 ............................................................ 1 1.3 研究的目的和意义 .................................................................................................... 3 2 系统的总体设计 ........................................................ 4
2.1 总体设计思想 ............................................................................................................ 4 2.2 系统总机构 ................................................................................................................ 5 2.3 系统设计原理图 ........................................................................................................ 5 3 检测信号放大电路设计 .................................................. 7
3.1 热释红外线传感器典型电路 .................................................................................... 7 3.2 红外线探测信号放大电路设计 ................................................................................ 8
3.2.1 集成电路运算放大器 .................................................................................... 10 3.2.2 精密多功能运算放大器INA105 .................................................................. 11 3.2.3 低功耗、双运算放大器LM358 ................................................................... 13
4 单片机接口电路设计 ................................................... 14
4.1 单片机的选型 .......................................................................................................... 14
4.1.1 AT89S51的主要功能特性 ............................................................................ 14 4.1.2 AT89S51的内部结构及管脚 ........................................................................ 15 4.2 温度检测电路 .......................................................................................................... 17
4.2.1 温度传感数据采集电路 ................................................................................ 17 4.2.2 DS18B20温度传感器引脚功能 ................................................................... 18 4.3 键盘电路 .................................................................................................................. 19 4.4 显示电路 .................................................................................................................. 20 5 软件部分设计 ......................................................... 24
5.1 主程序 ...................................................................................................................... 24 5.2 按键扫描程序 .......................................................................................................... 24 5.3 按键执行程序 .......................................................................................................... 26 结 论 ...................................................................................................................................... 29 致 谢 ...................................................................................................................................... 30 参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. 31
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附录A 英文原文 .................................................................................................................. 33 附录B 中文翻译 .................................................................................................................. 39 附录C 电路图 ...................................................................................................................... 43 附录D 程序 .......................................................................................................................... 44 附录E 实物图片 ................................................................................................................... 52
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沈阳理工大学 1 绪 论
1.1 防火防盗报警系统的概述
防盗控制广泛可应用于工厂、家庭、汽车等场合。实现无接触、智能化报警是防盗控制系统目前的发展方向。随着工业的发展,计算机、微电子、传感器等高新技术的应用和研究,近年来防盗控制的研制得到了长足的发展,以适应越来越高的应用要求。
从监测范围来说,有的防盗控制只能监测几厘米,有的却可达几十米。从监测条件和环境来说,有的非常简单,有的却十分复杂。例如:有的是利用红外线感温传感器,有的是压力传感器,有的震动,也有声响来监测,有的从安装上提出苛刻的限制,有的从维护上提出严格的要求等。
因此在进行综合分析后进行了该设计。它将实现自动监控的智能防盗系统,通过超声波传感器采集距离信号,通过AD传给系统核心——单片机,单片机通过处理与分析将距离值显示于三位的数码管上,检测到需要报警时,LED二极管将实时点亮,达到报警的功能,本设计的程序应用单片机C语言编写实现。
国外关于防盗控制早期从防火的基础上发展起来的,逐步向智能化自动化发展,并且发展及应用了许多新的监测原理。在传统原理中也渗透了电子技术及微机技术,结构有了很大的改善、功能有了很大的提高,从国内外关于防盗控制系统的发展来看当前的发展热点向非接触,如超声波传感器,红外线传感器,无线报警等[1]。
1.2 国内外防盗控制系统的历史、现状与发展
防盗报警系统是用物理方法或电子技术,自动探测发生在布防监测区域内的侵入行为,产生报警信号,并辅助提示值班人员或其主人发生报警的区域部位,显示可能采取的对策的系统。防盗报警系统是预防抢劫、盗窃等意外事件的重要设施。一旦发生突发事件,就能通过声光报警信号,使于迅速采取应急措施。防盗报警系统与出入口控制系统、闭路电视监控系统、访客对讲系统和电子巡更系统等一起构成了入侵防范系统。防盗报警系统通常由探测器(又称防盗报警器)、传输通道和报警控制器三部分构成。
报警探测器是由传感器和信号处理组成的用来探测入侵者入侵行为的电子和机械部件组成的装置,是防盗报警系统的核心,而传感器又是报警探测器的核心元件。采用不同原理的传感器件,可以构成不同种类、不同用途、达到不同探测目的的报警探测装
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