38. annoyed 考查形容词。形容词annoyed恼怒的，该词是由过去分词转换而来的形容词，通常修饰人。本句中该词和impatient构成并列关系一起和系动词get构成系表结构。
39. control 考查固定搭配。动词短语had better do sth最好做某事；“had better”是情态动词，后面要接动词原形。
40. to get 考查形容词短语。形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事；句意：如果你生活中的压力超过150，你就非常有可能生病了。 【名师点睛】
本文考查了强调句型的用法。强调句是一种修辞方法，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式：
强调句型：“It is（was）＋被强调的部分＋that（who）＋原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿：
It was on Monday night that all this happened．所有这一切发生在周一晚上。 It’s me that he blamed．他怪的是我。
强调句型最重要的句型是： It is (was) ＋ 被强调部分＋ that／ who ＋ 句子的其它成份 。 英语中许多句子常常可以通过强调句型对句子的不同成份进行强调。如： It is they who ／that will have a meeting tomorrow． (强调主语) It is a meeting that they will have tomorrow． (强调宾语)
It is tomorrow that they will have a meeting． (强调时间状语) 应注意的要点:
1．强调句型可以用来强调主语、宾语（包括介词宾语）和状语。其中的it 本身没有词义。 2．强调句中的连接词一般只用who(指人)或that(可指物，也可指人)，若被强调的是状语，也只能用that ，而不能用when 或者where。而且连接词都不能省略。
如： It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday． (虽然强调的是地点，但不能用where。)
3．强调句子的主语时，that 或who 之后的谓语动词的人称和数要与它前面被强调的名词或代词一致。如：
It is Mary and Tom who often do good deeds．
4．强调句型的时态常见的有两种：一般现在时和一般过去时。 即It is ．．． that／who．．．和It was ．．．that／who．．．。 如： It was the way he asked that really upset me．
5．判断一个句子是否是强调句的方法是：如果将句中的It is／was．．．that／who．．．去掉，经整理后还是一个完整的句子，本句就是强调句。否则，就不是。 如： It was in today's newspaper that we found the news．
去掉It was ．．．that 之后，句子可以整理为:We found the news in today's newspaper． 这是一个完整的句子，故本句是强调句。 常见考法:
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1．用介词短语来作为被强调的部分。如： It was for this reason that he left that school． It was in this way that he solved the problem．
2．用时间状语从句、条件状语从句等作为被强调的部分。如：
It was only when I reread his poems that I began to appreciate their beauty． 3．用 not until 复杂结构作为被强调的部分。如：
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star． It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began．
4．在被强调的部分后接定语从句，使句子结构更加复杂。如： It was on July 7th 1975 when he was born that his father died．
5．通过句型转换来进行考查。如把肯定句改成一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，或把肯定句改成否定句或否定疑问句等。如：
Was it during the Second World War that he died？ When was it that the sports meeting began？ It was not Tom that stole the book． Wasn't it he that had made a mistake？
6．通过改变系动词的形式来进行考查。强调句型的系动词除了用 is 或 was外 ，还可以在其前面加上 may ／ might ／must 等表示推测的情态动词。 如： It might be him that you met yesterday． 考点：考查语法填空
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. direct G. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeeze Golden Rules of Good Design What makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.
Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42 More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.
Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed. From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger.
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He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.
【答案】
41. D 42.E 43.J 44.G 45.C 46.H 47.B 48.F 49.A 50.K 【解析】
试题分析：本文属于说明文，告诉我们好的设计应包括四个黄金定律：简约、功能以及情感等等。
41. D 动词capture获得；捕获；本句中该词构成的不定式短语“to capture.....”作为动词try的宾语。句意：多年以来，设计师和艺术家一直都在努力搞清楚好的设计的本质。 42.E 名词decorations 装饰，该词在句中作为动词avoid的宾语。本段的主题是“Less is more”倡导装修设计的简单化。句意：设计应该避免不必要的装饰物。
43.J 形容词soulless 没有灵魂的；该词在本句中做定语修饰名词design。根据前半句“The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly...”可知美国建筑家Robert Venturi总结过，如果简约没有做好，那么这样的设计就是没有灵魂的；
44.G 动词短语experiment with试用，用...做实验；句意：后现代主义设计师们再一次开始试验装饰和颜色。
45.C 名词appliance电器，电器工具；该词可由后面列举的例子“ovens and kettles烤箱和水壶”推理，指厨房电器等物品。
46.H 形容词intended预期的；本句中该词和系动词is构成系表结构。句意：对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。
47.B 形容词adjustable可调节的；本句中该词作为定语修饰名词desk lamp，意为“可调节的台灯”，与后句
【名师点睛】 在选词填空中，很重要的一点就是要确认空格词的词汇。下面给大家一些确认空格词词性的小规律：
1. 确定空格为名词
(1)如果空格前面为冠词a /an/the、形容词或者及物动词.，空格处应填入名词； (2)如果空格前面是介词，空格充当该介词的宾语，需填入一个名词。 (3)如果空格后面是谓语动词的，且空格前没有句子主语，空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词)； 2. 确定空格为动词
(1)如果空格前面已经有名词或代词做主语，后面又有名词或代词作为动词的宾语，且中间无谓语动词，空格处应为及物动词；如F 动词direct对准，指挥；
(2)如果空格处前面是be动词，后面又无宾语且句意为被动，空格中应填及物动词的过去分词；
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(3)如果空格前面是名词或代词做主语，后面没有宾语或有一个介词加宾语
(4)如果空格处前面是名词或代词做主语，后面是形容词，空格应填入系动词或be动词； (5)如果空格处前有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。
3. 确定空格为形容词
(1)如果空格后面为名词的，空格处可能填入形容词；如47.形容词adjustable可调节的 (2)如果空格处前面是副词的，空格处可能填入形容词；
(3)如果空格处前面是系动词或be动词的，空格处可能填入形容词作表语。如46.形容词intended预期的； 4. 确定空格为副词
(1) 如果空格处前面或者后面为动词的，空格处可能填入副词。 (2) 如果空格处后面是形容词的，空格处可能填入副词。 考点：考查选词填空
III. Reading Comprehension Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.
In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.
Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.
A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.
Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65
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of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them. 51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike 52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme 53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise 54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above 55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging 56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply 57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression 58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male 59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing 60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating 61. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared 62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally 63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure 64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene 65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness 【答案】51. D 52. A 53. B 60. C
61. B 62. B 63. D 64. A
54. D 55. C 65. C
56. B
57. A
58. D 59. A
【解析】
试题分析：本文是说明文，作者在第一段中提出道格拉斯·麦克雷戈所提出的人性假设理论中的X理论和Y理论，并介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论：授权管理及其作用。
51.D 考查上下文串联。根据后半句“....will do anything to avoid it”可知很多人为了避免工作而愿意做任何事情，说明那些人大多数人生性都是懒惰的，都不愿意工作，他们尽可能地逃避工作。故D项正确。 52.A 考查上下文串联。短语to the contrary相反的；to the degree在某种程度上；to the extreme走向极端；在文章第一段中提到了X理论，大多数人都缺乏进取心和责任心，不愿对人和事负责，没有什么雄心壮志，不喜欢负责任，宁可被领导。而Y理论认为大多数人愿意对工作、对他人负责，人们愿意实行自我管理和自我控制来完成应当完成的目标。这是两种完全相反的理论，尽管对于这两种完全相反的理论有很多的证据，很多管理人仍然同意X理论。故A正确。
53.B 考查上下文串联。本句中for example表示举例说明；这些管理人仍然同意X理论，例如他们认为如果要员工效率高，就需要给与他们不断的监督。这属于X理论的举例说明。故B正确。
54.D 考查上下文串联。根据后句“...makes for authoritarianmanagers....”可知这属于专制的管理方法，他们的决定是来自上而下的，没有任何商量的余地。故D项“above上面的”正确。
55.C 考查上下文串联。根据前段可知本文讨论的管理学的理论，使用本句使用动词“manage管理”，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。而且和下文中亚洲、西方的管理方法形成呼应。故C正确。
56.B 考查动词短语辨析。短语refer to提到，谈到；contribute to做贡献；导致；object to反对；apply to适用于；亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程做出自己的贡献。故B正确。
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