It is important to know how to give first aid， particularly in life-threatening ?威胁生命的? situations. Examples of these are choking， excessive ?过多的? bleeding， drowning， poisoning and the stopping of one's breath or heartbeat. First aid is what a person can do to a wounded or sick person， or on any immediate situation that involves ?涉及? life-threatening matters， before the doctor arrives.
The aims of first aid are： to keep the person alive. This counts for life-threatening and immediate situations； to stabilize ?稳定? the condition of the person， and lastly， to relieve ?减轻? any pain， discomfort and most importantly， anxiety. Ideally ?理想地?， a first aider is someone who has attended classes on emergency care and has undergone first aid training. But not all of us have the opportunity to receive such training because of our individual ?个人的? work and activities.
Almost all of us will have to administer ?实施? emergency assistance at some point. And if so， we would have to use a first aid kit ?急救箱?. This is why it is always advised that every home should have a first aid supply， because an emergency knocks on the most unexpected time.
2019-2020年高中英语人教版必修五教学案：Unit 5 Section Ⅰ(含答案) The skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex?： it keeps you warm or cool?； it prevents your body from losing? too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain? and it gives you your sense of touch?. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment? of burns.
Causes of burns
You can get burned by a variety? of things: hot liquids?， steam, fire, radiation? (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.
[读文清障]
①first aid[eId](对伤患者的)急救 ②skin[skIn]n．皮；皮肤
③essential [I'sen?l]adj.最重要的；不可缺少的；本质的 ④organ['??ɡ?n]n．器官 ⑤layer ['leI?]n．层；层次 ⑥act as充当；担任
⑦barrier['b?rI?]n．屏障；障碍(物)
⑧poison['p?Izn]n．毒药；毒害 vt.毒害；使中毒 ⑨ray[reI]n．光线；射线 ⑩function n．功能；功效 ?complex['k?mpleks]adj.复杂的
?keeps you warm or cool为“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。 ?prevent ... (from) doing ...阻止……做…… ?where you feel cold, heat or pain为表语从句。 ?sense of touch触觉
?treatment n. [C，U]治疗；处理；对待 ?variety[v?'raI?tI]n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性) a variety of各种各样的 ?liquid['lIkwId]n．液体
?radiation[?reIdI'eI?n]n．辐射；射线
烧伤的急救
[第1～2段译文]
皮肤是身体必不可少的部分，也是身体最大的器官。皮肤有三层，像是三层屏障，可
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⑩
⑤
⑥
⑦
⑧
②
③
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以防病、防毒和抵御有害太阳光线的侵害。皮肤的功能也很复杂：皮肤可以保暖或保持凉爽，阻止体内的水分大量流失。正是皮肤使你感到冷、热或疼痛，它还使你有触觉。因此，你可以想象得到，如果你的皮肤被烧伤，就可能非常严重。在治疗烧伤的过程中，急救是非常重要的第一步。
烧伤的原因
你可能由于各种原因而烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射(由于靠近高温或火等)、太阳、电或化学物品。
Types of burns?
There are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns,
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depending on which layers of the skin are burned○.
·First degree burns These affect only the top layer of the skin. These burns are not
2223serious and should feel better within a day or two○. Examples include mild○ sunburn and 2425burns caused by touching a hot pan○， stove○ or iron for a moment.
?burn(s)此处为名词，意为“烧伤”。
21现在分词短语depending on ...作方式状语，其中which layers of the skin are burned○
是on的宾语。
22within a day or two在一两天之内 ○
23mild[maIld]adj.轻微的；温和的；温柔的 ○
mild sunburn轻度的晒伤
24pan[p?n]n．平底锅；盘子 ○
25stove[st??v]n．炉子；火炉 ○
[第3～4段译文] 烧伤的种类
烧伤有三类。根据皮肤的第几层被烧伤定义为一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。 一度烧伤 这种烧伤只损伤皮肤的表层。这些烧伤并不严重，应当在一两天内就有好转。例如轻度的晒伤和由于短暂接触热锅、炉子或熨斗而导致的烫伤。
·Second degree burns These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin.
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These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal○. Examples include severe○ sunburn 28and burns caused by hot liquids○.
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·Third degree burns These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue○ and 30
organs under the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks○， burning
clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.
Characteristics of burns First degree burns
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·dry, red and mildly swollen○ 32·mildly○ painful
3334·turn○ white when pressed○
Second degree burns
35·rough○， red and swollen 36·blisters○ 37·watery○ surface
·extremely painful Third degree burns
38·black and white and charred○
·swollen; often tissue under them can be seen
3940·little or no pain if nerves○ are damaged○； may be pain around edge of injured area. 26heal [hi?l]vi.&vt.(使)康复；(使)化解 ○
take a few weeks to heal需要几周康复/痊愈
27severe adj.十分严重的；极为恶劣的 ○
severe sunburn严重的晒伤
28过去分词短语caused by hot liquids作后置定语，修饰burns。 ○
29tissue['tI?u?]n．(生物)组织；薄的织物；手巾纸 ○
30electric shock触电；电休克 ○
31swollen['sw??l?n]adj.肿胀的 ○
swell[swel]vi.&vt. (swelled, swollen/swelled)(使)膨胀；隆起
32mildly['maIldlI]adv.轻微地；温和地 ○
mildly用作程度状语，相当于slightly。
33turn linkv．使成为；转变成 ○
34when pressed是省略了主语和be动词的时间状语从句。该句补全为：when they are ○
pressed。
35rough adj.粗糙的 ○
36blister ['blIst?]n．水泡 vi.&vt.(使)起泡 ○
37watery ['w??t?rI]adj.(似)水的 ○
38char [t?ɑ?]vi.烧焦 ○
39nerve [n??v]n．神经；胆量 ○
40damage vt.损坏；损伤[第5～7段译文] ○
二度烧伤 这种烧伤既损伤了皮肤的表层，又损伤了皮肤的第二层。这类烧伤属于严重的烧伤，需要几周才能痊愈。例如严重的晒伤和灼热的液体所造成的烧伤。
三度烧伤 所有三层皮肤以及皮下组织和器官都受到损害。例如由电击引起的烧伤，因衣服起火引起的烧伤，或因汽油起火引起的严重烧伤。这些烧伤都导致严重损伤，受伤者必须立即被送往医院。
烧伤的特征
一度烧伤 ?干燥、发红、微肿 ?微痛 ?受压时变白
二度烧伤 ?粗糙、发红、肿胀 ?起水泡 ?表面有水 ?极其疼痛 三度烧伤
?黑、白和焦炭色相间 ?肿胀，常可看到皮下组织
?若损坏了神经，则很少疼痛或没有疼痛，或者在创伤面四周有疼痛感 First aid treatment
4142431 Remove clothing using scissors○if necessary○ unless it is stuck to○ the burn. 4445
Take off○ other clothing and jewellery○ near the burn.
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2 Cool○ burns immediately with cool but not icy○ water. It is best to place burns 48
under gently running water for about 10 minutes○. (The cool water stops the burning 49process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable○ and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold
water on third degree burns.
41scissors['sIz?z]n．(pl.)剪刀 ○
42if necessary为省略形式，其完整句式为if it is necessary。 ○
43stick to粘在……上；坚持 ○
44take off拿掉；取掉 ○
45jewellery n. [U]珠宝(总称) ○
46cool在此处为及物动词，意为“使……凉下来”○。