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Àý£º Rees said, ¡°As key aspects of ¡in the process¡± (1986:241), ? 2 ) À´×ÔÓ¢ÓïÎÄÕ¡¢×¨ÖøµÄÖ±½ÓÒýÓ×÷ÕßÐÕÃûÔÚÎÄÖÐûÓгöÏÖ£º ¸ñʽ£º×÷ÕßÐÕÃû£¬³ö°æÄê·Ý£ºÒ³Âë
Àý£º The underlying assumption is that language is ¡°bound up with culture in multiple and complex ways¡±(Elli, 1968: 3).
3 ) À´×ÔÓ¢ÓïÎÄÕ¡¢×¨ÖøµÄ¼ä½ÓÒýÓ×÷ÕßÐÕÃûÔÚÎÄÖÐÒѾ³öÏÖ£º ¸ñʽ£º³ö°æÄê·Ý£ºÒýÎÄÒ³Âë
Àý£ºAccording to Alun Rees (1986:234)¡²¼Ð×¢Ö±½Ó·ÅÔÚ±»ÒýÕߺóÃæ¡³, the writers focus on the unique contribution that each individual learner brings to the learning situation.
According to Alun Rees£¬the writers focus on the unique contribution that each individual learner brings to the learning situation (1986:234). ³ö°æÄê·Ý£ºÒýÎÄÒ³Â롲¼Ð×¢Ò²¿ÉÒÔλÓÚÒýÓïµÄ×îºó¡³
4 ) À´×ÔÓ¢ÓïÎÄÕ¡¢×¨ÖøµÄ¼ä½ÓÒýÓ×÷ÕßÐÕÃûÔÚÎÄÖÐûÓÐÌáµ½£º ¸ñʽ£º×÷ÕßÐÕÃû ³ö°æÄê·Ý£ºÒýÎÄÒ³Âë
Àý£ºIt may be true that in the appreciation of medieval art the attitude of the observer is of primary importance (Robertson, 1987: 136).
5)À´×ÔººÓïÎÄÕ¡¢×¨Öø£¬¼ä½ÓÒýÓã¬×÷ÕßÐÕÃûÔÚÎÄÖÐÒѾ³öÏÖ[2]£º ¸ñʽ£º×÷ÕßÐÕÃûÆ´Òô£«¼Ð×¢£¨³ö°æÄê·Ý£ºÒýÎÄÒ³Â룩
Àý£ºWang Datong £¨2002£º111, 2005£º191) believed that?£» 6)À´×ÔººÓïµÄÎÄÕ¡¢×¨Öø£¬¼ä½ÓÒýÓã¬×÷ÕßÐÕÃûÔÚÎÄÖÐûÓгöÏÖ£º ¸ñʽ£º×÷ÕßÐÕÃûÆ´Òô£¬³ö°æÄê·Ý£ºÒýÎÄÒ³Âë
Àý£ºIt has been found that these learners confuse the uses of passives and unaccusatives in their interlanguage (Wilson, 2005£º211£»Zhang Shan, 2003:19£© 7£©Òý×Ô»¥ÁªÍøÎÄÏ×
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Therefore, as Fang Wenli argues, in the English class, we don¡¯t have to completely copy the ideal and natural language acquisition environment (Fang Wenli, 2005: pars 9-11).
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Ö±½ÓÒýÓïÈç³öÏÖÔÚÕýÎÄÖм䣬ʹÓÃÒýÓïµÄ¾ä×Ó²»µÃÎ¥·´Ó¢ÓïÓï·¨£¬²»µÃ³öÏÖ¡°¾äÖо䡱¡£ÎªÁËʹº¬Ö±½ÓÒýÓïµÄ¾ä×ӺϺõÓï·¨£¬ÍùÍùÓбØÒª¶ÔÒýÓïµÄÎÄ×Ö×÷Ò»¶¨µÄ¸ü¸Ä¡£Èç¹ûҪɾ³ýÒýÓïÖиö±ð´Ê¾ä£¬¿ÉÒÔÓÃÊ¡ÂԺţ¨ellipses¡°?¡±£©È¡´úɾ³ýµÄ´Ê¾ä¡£Èç¹ûÒª¼ÓÈë»òÕ߸ü¸Ä¸ö±ðµ¥´Ê»òÕß´Ê×飬Ôò¿ÉÒÔ½«ÐèÒª¼ÓÈë»òÕ߸ü¸ÄµÄµ¥´Ê»ò´Ê×é·ÅÔÚ·½À¨ºÅ£¨square brackets¡°[ ]¡±£©ÒÔÄÚ¡£ÀýÈ磺 ɾ³ý´Ê¾ä£º
He stated, ¡°The ¡®placebo effect,¡¯ ... disappeared when behaviors were studied in this manner¡± (Smith, 1982:76), but he did not clarify which behaviors were studied.
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Smith (1982:276) found that ¡°the placebo effect, which had been verified in previous studies, disappeared when [his own and others¡¯] behaviors were studied in this manner.¡±
×¢Ò⣺ÎÞÂÛɾ¸Ä»¹ÊÇÌí¼Ó×ִʾù²»µÃ±ä¸üÒýÓïµÄÔÒâ¡£Èç¹ûɾ³ýÊÇÔÚ¾äÄÚ£¬Ó¦¸Ã¿ÕÒ»¸ñÒÔºóÔÙ¼ÓÊ¡ÂԺš£Èç¹ûɾ³ýÊÇÔÚÒ»¾äÕû¾äÒÔºó£¬ÔòÓ¦ÔÚ¸ÃÕû¾ä×îºóµÄ±êµã£¨¾äºÅ¡¢ÎʺŻò¾ªÌ¾ºÅ£©²»¿Õ¸ñÖ±½Ó¼ÓÊ¡ÂԺš£Ê¡ÂÔºÅÓ¦¸ÃÓÃÈý¸ö¾äµã¡£ ×ÛºÏÀý×Ó£º
Recently, the history of warfare has been significantly revised by critics (Higonnet et al ,1987: 334-35) to include women¡¯s personal and cultural responses to battle and its resultant traumatic effects. Feminist researchers now concur that ¡°It is no longer true to claim that women's responses to the war have been ignored¡± (Raitt & Tate, 1997:2). Though these studies focus solely on women's experiences, they err by collectively perpetuating the masculine-centered impressions originating in Fussell (1975) and Bergonzi (1996).
However, Tylee further criticizes Fussell, arguing that his study ¡°treated memory and culture as if they belonged to a sphere beyond the existence of individuals or the control of institutions¡± (1990:6). Similar critique comes from scholars in mainland China(Wang Datong, 2002:111; Zhang Shan 2005:19; Li Shi£¬2005£ºpar 6).
9£©ÒýÓÃËÄÐÐÒÔÉϳ¤¶ÎÒýÎÄÓ¦µ¥¶À³É¶Î£¬ÉÏ¡¢Ï¸÷¿ÕÒ»ÐУ¬²¢Ëõ½øËĸñ£¨°ë½Ç£©¡¢×ó¶ÔÆë¡¢×ֺŽÏÕýÎÄСһºÅ£¬²»¼ÓÒýºÅ£¬¾äºÅÔÚÒýÎĽáÊøºó¡¢À¨ºÅǰ¡£È磺¡.(Newmark 1980£º66)
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[1] Bloomfield. Leonard. Language[M]. New York:Holt. 1933: 21-22. [2] ¹ðÊ«´º, Ñî»ÝÖÐ.ÖйúѧϰÕßÓ¢ÓïÓïÁÏ¿â[M].ÉϺ££ºÉϺ£ÍâÓï½ÌÓý³ö°æÉ磬
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[4] Lentine, G&Shuy, R. Mc-meaning in the marketplace [J] American Speech, 1990(65):22-25.
[5] ¹ðÊ«´º.ÒÔÓïÁÏ¿âΪ»ù´¡µÄÖйúѧϰÕßÓ¢ÓïʧÎó·ÖÎöµÄÈÏ֪ģÐÍ[J]. ¡¶ÏÖ´ú
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