考博英语试题 (^.^)六月雪http://liuyuexue.any2000.com/
Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes.?
“No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary,”he argues. “There is no private property without government—individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well.”?
Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. “We would not deposit our money in banks...if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers,” Olson writes.?
Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. “If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives (刺激，动力）to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade, and therefore at least some economic advance,” Olson concludes.?
56. Which of the following is true about Olson?? A. He was a fiction writer.?
B. He edited the book Power and Prosperity.?
C. He taught economics at the University of Maryland.? D. He was against the ownership of private property.? 57. Which of the following represents Olson's point or view?? A. Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.? B. Only in wealthy societies do people have secure individual rights.? C. Secure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of the society.?
D. In some countries, people don't have secure individual rights because they're poor.? 58. What does Olson think about mass production?? A. It's capital intensive.? B. It's property intensive.? C. It relies on individual labor.? D. It relies on individual skills.?
59. What is the basis for the banking system?? A. Contract system that can be enforced.?
※ 6 ※ 相信自己做的最棒！！！！！！ LiuYueXue-WangCongYan
考博英语试题 (^.^)六月雪http://liuyuexue.any2000.com/
B. People's willingness to deposit money in banks.?
C. The possibility that the bank can make profits from its borrowers.? D. The fact that some people have surplus money while some need loans.?
60. According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries? A. government intervention? B. lack of secure individual rights? C. being short of capital? ck of a free market? Part Ⅳ Cloze (10%)
For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the__61__of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel__62__to go to bed and pleased when the journey__63__. On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed__64__earlier than usual. When I__65__my cabin, I was surprised__66__that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected__67__but there was a suitcase__68__mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet__69__, except that he was wearing__70__good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not__71__whoever he was and did not say__72__. As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.?
I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered__73__as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a __74__was coming from the window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgotten__75__the door, so I got up__76__the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and__77__the moon shone through it on to the other bed.__78__there. It took me a minute or two to__79__the door myself. I realized that my companion__80__through the window into the sea.?
61. A. reason B. motive C. cause D. sake? 62. A. tired enough B. enough tired C. enough tiring D. enough tiring 63. A. is achieved B. finish C. is over D. is in the end? 64. A. quite B. rather C. fairly D. somehow? 65. A. arrived in B. reached to C. arrived to D. reached at? 66. A. for seeing B. that I saw C. at seeing D. to see?
67. A. being lonely B. to be lonely C. being alone D. to be alone? 68. A. like B. as C. similar than D. the same that? 69. A. in each place B. for all parts C. somewhere D. anywhere? 70. A. a so B. so C. such a D. such?
71. A. treat together wel B. pass together well C. get on well together D. go by well together 72. A. him a single word B. him not one word?single word to hi m D. not one word to him 73. A. up me B. up myself C. up to myself D. myself up? 74.A.draft B. voice C. air D. sound?
75. A. to close B. closing C. to have to close D. for closing?
※ 7 ※ 相信自己做的最棒！！！！！！ LiuYueXue-WangCongYan
考博英语试题 (^.^)六月雪http://liuyuexue.any2000.com/
76. A. to shut B. for shutting C. in shutting D. but shut 77. A. while doing like that B. as I did like that C. as I did so D. at doing so? 78. A. It was no one B. There was no one?C. It was anyone D. There was anyone 79. A. remind to lock B. remember to lock?C. remind locking D. remember locking 80. A. had to jump B. was to have jumped?C. must have jumped D. could be jumped Part Ⅴ Writing
(20%) Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of “Effect of Research Event on My Later Life and Work” with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.?
1. 在科研和学习中使我最难忘的一件事情是 。? 2. 使我难忘的原因是 。? 3. 它对我后来的影响是 。? ? 试 题 详 解?
?Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension(略）? Part Ⅱ Vocabulary (10%)??
21. C 22. C 23. A 24. C 25. C 26. D 27. D 28. B?29. A 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. D 36. C 37. A 38. D 39. B 40. B ?Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension?
?41. B 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. C 46. B 47. B 48. D 49. D 50. A 51. B 52. B 53. C 54. B 55. D 56. C 57. A 58. B 59. A 60. B ?Part Ⅳ Cloze??
61. D 62. A 63. C 64. B 65. A 66. D 67. D 68. A?69. D 70. D 71. C 72. C 73. D 74. A 75. A 76. A 77. C 78. B 79. D 80. C ?Part Ⅴ Writing?
参考范文: Effect of Research Event on My Later Life and Work?
?The most unforgettable thing in my research career by now is a course named aspects of translation that was given in the second semester when I was a senior undergraduate student.?
One of the reasons for which the course has left such a deep impression on me is that it was the first time I learned to look at and study translation from a completely new perspective, the perspective of linguistics. Before taking that course, I though that translation was no more than t he mechanic practice of turning texts written in one language into those in another and didn't realize that it had anything to do with linguistics, though, in retrospect, the link ought to be obvious for linguistics is the science that studies language properly. It was very fortunate for me to attend during the same semester the course Introduction to Linguistics, which helped me pave the way for the study of that critical course. Obvious as the link between the two disciplines was, it was still a giant project to actually connect the two and the course proved to be very brain-consuming. However, once the barriers collapsed, the landscape altered and became much more open. I could appreciate many beautiful scenes that I had never discovered before.?Encouraged by the first attempt at inter-disciplinary study, in my later research and life I
※ 8 ※ 相信自己做的最棒！！！！！！ LiuYueXue-WangCongYan
考博英语试题 (^.^)六月雪http://liuyuexue.any2000.com/
always try to bridge what I have learned in different courses and different aspects of life, to fill them into my jigsaw of knowledge about the world and myself and to complete it and perfect myse lf.
中国科学院2005年博士生入学考试英语试题
sectionA( 0.5 point eath)
direction: choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring answer sheet.
16.Knowing that the cruel criminal has done a lot of unlawful things, I feel sure that I have no __________ but to report him to the local police.
A. time B. chance C. authority D. alternative
17.Behind his large smiles and large cigars, his eyes often seemed to __________regret. A. teem B. brim with C. come with D. look with
18.There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young one has a glorious future before him and the old one has a _______future behind him. A. splendid B. conspicuous C. uproarious D. imminent
19. That tragedy distressed me so much that I used to keep indoors and go out only _________necessity. A. within reach of B. for fear of C. by means of D. in case of
20. A young man sees a sunset and unable to understand of express the emotion that it _________in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond. A. reflects B. retains C. rouses D. radiates
21.______________the heat to a simmer and continue to cook for another 8-10minutes or until most of the water has evaporated.
A. Turn off B. Turn over C. Turn down D. Turn up
22.Banks shall be unable to ___________,or claim relief against the first 15%of any loan or bankrupted debt left with them .
A. write off B. put aside C. shrink from D. come over
23.I am to inform you ,that you may ,if you wish , attend the inquiry ,and at the inspectors discretion state your case _________or through an entrusted representative. A. in person B. in depth C. in secret D. in excess
※ 9 ※ 相信自己做的最棒！！！！！！ LiuYueXue-WangCongYan
考博英语试题 (^.^)六月雪http://liuyuexue.any2000.com/
24.In his view, though Hong Kong has no direct cultural identity, local art is thriving by “being ___________,”being open to all kinds of art.
A. gratifying B. predominating C. excelling D. accommodating
25.In some countries preschool education in nursery schools or kindergartens _________the 1stgrade. A. leads B. precedes C. forwards D. advances
26.Desert plants ________ two categories according to the way they deal with the problem of surviving drought. A. break down B. fall into C. differ in D. refer to
27.In the airport, I could hear nothing except the roar of aircraft engines which _________ all other sounds. A. dwarfed B. diminished C. drowned D. relative
28.Criticism without suggesting areas of improvement is not _________ and should be avoided if possible. A. constructive B. productive C. descriptive D. relative
29. The Committee pronounced four members expelled for failure to provide information in the ____________ of investigations.
A. case B. chase C. cause D. course
30. Since neither side was ready to __________ what was necessary for peace, hostility were resumed in 1980. A. precede B. recede C. concede D. intercede
31.Such an _________act of hostility can only lead to war. A. overt B. episodic C. ample D. ultimate
32._________ both in working life and everyday living to different sets of values, and expectations places a severe strain on the individual.
A. Recreation B. Transaction C. Disclosure D. Exposure
33. It would then be replaced by interim government, which would _________be replaced by a permanent government after four months.
A. in step B. in turn B. in practice D. in haste
34. Haven?t I told you I don?t want you keeping ____________ with those awful riding-about bicycle boys? A. company B. acquaintance C. friends D. place
35.Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply _________ every cheat in the marketplace.
A. at the mercy of B. in lieu of C. by courtesy of D. for the price of PART3 CLOZE TEST (15minutes, 15 points)
Directions: There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
At least since the Industrial Revolution, gender roles have been in a state of transition. As a result, cultural scripts about marriage have undergone change, One of the more obvious ___46____ has occurred in the roles that women 47 . Women have moved into the world of work and have become adept at meeting expectations in that arena, 48 maintaining their family roles of nurturing and creating a(n) 49 that is a haven for all family members. 50 many
※ 10 ※ 相信自己做的最棒！！！！！！ LiuYueXue-WangCongYan