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and led him on a long walk across town. The excursion ended at a railroas track. There, inexplicably, the older boys tortured the toddler, kicking him, smearing paint on his face and pummeling him to death with bricks before heaving him on the track to be dismembered by a train. The boys, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson, then went of to watch cartoons.
Today the boys are 18-year-ole men, and after spending eight years in juvenile facilities, they have been deemed fit for release--probably this spring. The dilemma now confronting the English justice system is how to reintegrate the notorious duo into a society that remains horrified by their crimes and skeptical about their rehabilitation. Last week Judge Elizabeth Butler-Sils decided the young men were in so much danger that they needed an
unprecedented shield to protect them upon release. For ht e rest of their lives, Venable sands Thompson will have a right to anonymity. All English media outlets are banned from publishing any information about their whereabouts of the new identities the government will help them establish. Photos of the two or even details about their current looks are also prohibited.
In the U.S, which is harder on juvenile criminals than England, such a ruling seems inconceivable. “We?re clearly the most punitive in the industrialized world,” says Laurence Steinberg, a Temple University professor who studies juvenile justice. Over the past decade, the trend in the U.S. has been to allow publication of ever more information about underage offenders. U.S. courts also give more weight to press freedom than English courts ,ewhich, for example, ban all video cameras.
But even for Britain, the order is extraordinary. The victim?s family is enraged, as are the ever eager British tabloids. “What right have they got to be given special protection as adults?” asks Bulger?s mother Denise Fergus. Newspaper editorials have insisted that citizens have a right to know if Venables of Thompson move in next door. Says conserbative Member of Parliament Humfrey Malins;”It almost leaves you with the feeling that the nastier the crime, the greater the chance for a completely new life.” 79. What occurred as told at the beginning of the passage? A. 2 ten-year-olds killed James by accident in play B. James Bulger was killed by his two brothers. C. Two mischievous boys forged a train accident. D.A little kid was murdered by two older boys.
80.According to the passage, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson________________ A. hav been treated as juvenile delinquents
B. have been held in protective custody for their murder game C. were caught while watching cartoons eight years ago D. have already served out their 10 years in prison
81.The British justice system is afraid that the two young men would_______________ A. hardly get accustomed to a horrifying general public B. be doomed to become social outcasts after release C. still remain dangerous and destructive if set free D. be inclined to commit a recurring crime
82. According to the British courts, after their return to society, the two adults will be __________
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A. banned from any kind of press interview B. kept under constant surveillance by police C. shielded from being identified an killers D. ordered to report to police their whereabouts
83. From the passage we can infer that a US counterpart of Venables or Thompson would________. A. have no freedom to go wherever he wants B. serve a life imprisonment for the crime C. be forbidden to join many of his relatives D. no doubt receive massive publicity in the U>S>
84. As regards the mentioned justice ruling, the last paragraph mainly tells that ________________ A. it is controversial as it goes without precedent B. the British media are sure to do the contrary C. Bulger?s family would enter all appeal against it D. Conservatives obviously conflict with Liberals Passage 5
Can the Internet help patients jump the line at the doctor?s office? The silicon Valley Employers Forum, a sophisticated group of technology companies, is launching a pilot program to test online “virtual visits “ between doctors at three big local medical groups and about 6,000 employees and their families. The six employers taking part in the Silicon Valley initiative, including heavy hitters such as Oracle and Cisco Systems, hope that online visits will mean employees won?t have to skip work to tend to minor ailments of to follow up on chronic conditions. “With our long commutes and traffic, driving 40 miles to your doctor in your hometown can be a big chunk of time, “ says Cindy Conway, benefits director at Cadence Design Systems, one of the participating companies. Doctors aren?t clamoring to chat with patients online for free; they spend enough unpaid time ton the phone. Only 1 in 5 has ever E-mailed a patient, and just 9 percent are interested in doing so, according to the research firm Cyber Dialogue.”We are not stupid,” says Stirling Somers, executive of the Silicon Valley employers group. “Doctors getting jpaid is a critical piece in getting this to work.” In the pilot program, physicians will get $20 per online consultation, about what they get for a simple office visit.
Doctors also fear they?ll be swamped by rambling E-mails that tell everything but what?s needed to make a diagnosis. So the new program will use technology supplied by Healinx, an Alameda, Calif.-based start-up. Healinx?s “Smart Symptom Wizard” questions patients and turns answers into a succinct message. The company has online dialogues for 60 common conditions. The doctor can then diagnose the problem and outline a treatment plan, which could include E-mailing a prescription or a face-to-face visit.
Can E-mail replace the doctor?s office? Many conditions, such as persistent cough, require a stethoscope to discover what?s wrong—and to avoid a malpractice suit. Even Larry Bonham, head of one of the doctor?s groups in the pilot, believes the virtual doctor?s visits offer a “very narrow” sliver of service between hone calls to an advice nurse an a visit to the clinic.
The pilot program, set to end in nine months, also hopes to determine whether online visits will boost worker productivity enough to offset the cost of the service. So far, the Internet?s record in the health field has been
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underwhelming. The experiment is “a huge roll of the dice for Healinx,” notes Michael Barrett, an analyst at Internet consulting firm Forester Research. If the “Web visits” succeed, expect some HMOs(Health Maintenance Organizations) to pay for online visits. If doctors, employers, and patients aren?t satisfied, figure on one more E-health start-up to stand down.
85. the Silicon Valley employers promote the E-health program for the purpose of ___________ A. rewarding their employees B. gratifying the local hospitals C. boosting worker productivity D. testing a sophisticated technology
86. What can be learned about the on-line doctors? visits? A. They are a quite promising business. B. They are funded by the local government. C. They are welcomed by all the patients D. They are very much under experimentation.
87.Of he following people, who are not involved in the program? A. Cisco System employees B. advice nurses in the clinic C. doctors at three local hospitals D. Oracle executives
88. According to Paragraph 2, doctors are___________ A. reluctant to serve online for nothing B. not interested in Web consultation C. too tired to talk to the patients online D. content with $20 paid per Web visit
89. “Smart Symptom Wizard” is capable of ___________ A. making diagnoses B. producing prescriptions C. profiling patients? illness D. offering a treatment plan
90.It can be inferred from the passage that the future of online visits will mostly depend on whether____A. the employers would remain confident in them B. they could effectively replace office visits C. HMOs would cover the cost of the service
D. new technologies would be available to improve the E-health project PAPER TWO
PARTV TRANSLATION (25minutes, 10 points)
Directions：Put the following passage into English. .Write your English version in the proper space on your Answer SheetⅡ
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伟大艺术的美学鉴赏和伟大科学观念的理解都需要智慧。但是， 随后的感受升华和情感又是分不开的。没有情感的因素，我们的智慧很难开创新的道路； 没有智慧，情感也无法达到完美的成果。艺术和科学事实上是一个硬币的两面。它们源于人类活动的最高尚的部分，都追求着深刻性、普遍性、永恒性和富有意义、 PART VI WAITING(35minutes,15 points)
Directions： Write an essay of at least 150 words on the topic given below. Use the proper space on your Answer SheetⅡ TOPIC
With her entry into the WTO, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, and in particular, for higher-level talents. To face this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate (postgraduate) education system. State your opinion about this reform, and give the solid supporting details to your viewpoint.
北京大学2002年博士研究生入学考试试题
Part One: Structure and Written Expression
1 .The doctor's ____ is that she'll soon be as good as new if she takes insulin and watches her diet. A. agnosticism B. anticipation C. diagnosis D. prognosis
2. It is ____ understood by all concerned that the word no one who visits him ever breathe a syllable of m his hearing will remain forever unspoken. A. uncommunicatively B. acceptably C. tacitly D. taciturnly
3. ____ springs not out of true and deep admiration, but more often out of a self-seeking wish to identify with someone important or famous. A. A compliment B. An adulatory C. Flattery D. Praise
4. Leaving for work m plenty of time to catch the train will ___worry about being late. A. rule off B. prevent C. avoid D. obviate
5. Nicholas Chauvin, a French soldier, aired his veneration of Napoleon Bonaparte so _____ and unceasingly that he became the laughingstock of all people in Europe.
A. vociferously B. patriotically C. verbosely D. loquaciously
6. People suffering from ____prefer to stay shut in their homes and become panic-stricken m large public buildings and open fields.
A, acrophobia B. agoraphobia C. claustrophobia D. xenophobia
7. All normal human beings are ____ at least to a degree --they get a feeling of warmth and kinship from engaging in group activities.
A. segregated B. congregational C, gregarious D. egregious
8. He is ___ drinker, who has been imbibing for so long that he has figuratively speaking, grown old with the vice. A. an inveterate B. an incorrigible C. a chronic D. an unconscionable
9. We listened dumb-struck, full of_____, to the shocking details of the corruption of the ex-president of the compare.
A. incredality B. ingenuity , C. ingenuousness D. incredibility
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10. Too much ___ can possibly lead to unhappiness, even to thoughts of suicideas few people have the courage to analyze themselves objectively and minutely.
A. retrospect B. retrospection C. perspicacity D. perspicuity
11 .Hydrocarbons, ___ by engine exhausts, react with nitrogen oxides in the presence of sunlight to form complex toxic gases.
A. are given off B. give off C. they are given off D. given off 12. He could hardly _____his temper when he saw the state of his office. A. hold in B. hold up C. hold off D. hold out
13.The statesman was evidently ____by the journalist's questions and glared at him for a few seconds. A. put down B. put out C. put across D. put away 14. ____ , it is widely used in making flares and fireworks. A, As the brilliant white light that burning magnesium produces B. Because of the brilliant white light of burning magnesium C. The brilliant white light of burning magnesium D. Burning magnesium produces a brilliant white light
15.____ to tell us that the interest of the individual should be subordinate to that of the collective?
A. Were you used B. Are you used C. Did you use D. Do you used 16.I would have gone to the lecture with you ____ I was so busy. A. except that B. provided that C. but that D. only that
17.The detective watched and saw the suspect _____ a hotel at the comer of the street. A. getting off the taxi and walking into B. got off the taxi and walked into C. get off the taxi and walk into D. got off the taxi to walk into
18. The child is ____ all the evidence for his opinion. A. not encouraged either to be critical or to examine B. encouraged either to be critical nor to examine C. either encouraged to be critical or to examine D. neither encouraged to be critical nor to examine
19. To be sure, there would be scarcely no time left over for other things if school children __ all sides of every matter on which they hold opinions.
A. would have been expected to have considered B. were expected to consider
C. will be expected to have been considered D. were expected to have considered
20. Whenever work is being done, energy___ from one form into another. A. converts B. converted C. is converted D. is being converted
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