22222故BG2?BE2?EG12?GG12?6?8?10?200,BG2?102.
又AG1?62?82?10,由BH?AG1?G1E?AB得BH?8?1248?. 105故sin?BG2H?BH481122. ???BG2510225122. 25解法二:(I)因为平面G1AB⊥平面ABCD,平面G1AB?平面ABCD?AB, G1E⊥AB,
B⊥AD,所以G1E⊥平面ABCD,从而G1E⊥AD.又A所以AD⊥G1E?平面G1AB,
即直线BG2与平面G1ADG2所成的角是arcsin平面G1AB.因为AD?平面G1ADG2,所以平面G1AB⊥平面G1ADG2.
(II)由(I)可知,G1E⊥平面ABCD.故可以E为原点,分别以直线EB,EF,EG1为, x轴、y轴、z轴建立空间直角坐标系(如图)由题设AB?12,BC?25,EG?8,则EB?6,
EF?25,EG1?8,相关各点的坐标分别是
z G2 G1 A(?6,0,0),
A D(?6,25,0),G1(0,0,0). 0,8),B(6,D ?????????y
所以AD?(0,0,8). 25,0),AG1?(6,F B E C ?O 设n?(x,y,z)是平面G1ADG2的一个法向量,
x ????????n?AD?0,?25y?0,由??????得?故可取n?(4,0,?3). ?6x?8z?0??n?AG1?0.?过点G2作G2O⊥平面ABCD于点O,因为G2C?G2D,所以OC?OD,于是点O在y轴上.
因为G1G2∥AD,所以G1G2∥EF,G2O?G1E?8.
设G2(0,m,,由17?8?(25?m),解得m?10, 8)(0?m?25)
222?????所以BG2?(010,,8)?(6,0,0)?(?610,,8). 设BG2和平面G1ADG2所成的角是?,则
??????BG2?n|?24?24|122. sin??????????2222225BG2?n6?10?8?4?3故直线BG2与平面G1ADG2所成的角是arcsin122. 2519.解:(I)如图,PH⊥?,HB??,PB⊥AB, 由三垂线定理逆定理知,AB⊥HB,所以?PBH是 山坡与?所成二面角的平面角,则?PBH??,
PHPB??1.
O sin?设BD?x(km),0?x?1.5.则 2]. PD?x2?PB2?x2?1?[1,记总造价为f1(x)万元,
A ? P
ED H
B
据题设有f1(x)?(PD?1?221111AD?AO)a?(x2?x??3)a 2241???43???x??a???3?a
4???16?11当x?,即BD?(km)时,总造价f1(x)最小.
445(II)设AE?y(km),0?y?,总造价为f2(y)万元,根据题设有
4y?43?1?31???f2(y)??PD2?1?y2?3????y??a??y2?3??a?a.
2?162?24?????y1??则f2?y?????a,由f2?(y)?0,得y?1.
?y2?32???当y?(0,1)时,f2?(y)?0,f2(y)在(0,1)内是减函数;
当y??1,?时,f2?(y)?0,f2(y)在?1,?内是增函数. 故当y?1,即AE?1(km)时总造价f2(y)最小,且最小总造价为
?5??4??5??4?67a万元. 163,总2(III)解法一:不存在这样的点D?,E?.
事实上,在AB上任取不同的两点D?,E?.为使总造价最小,E显然不能位于D? 与B之间.故可设E?位于D?与A之间,且BD?=x1(km),AE??y1(km),0?x1?y2?2造价为S万元,则S??x1?x1y11?、(II)讨论知,?y12?3?1??a.类似于(I)
224?xy311x12?1??,y12?3?1?,当且仅当x1?,y1?1同时成立时,上述两个不等
216224167a,点D?,E?分式等号同时成立,此时BD??(km),AE?1(km),S取得最小值
416别与点D,E重合,所以不存在这样的点 D?,E?,使沿折线PD?E?O修建公路的总造价
??小于(II)中得到的最小总造价. 解法二:同解法一得
xy11??S??x12?1?y12?3?1??a
224??1?143???x1??a??3y12?3?y1?y12?3?y1?a?a
???4?4?16?143??23(y12?3?y1)(y12?3?y1)?a?a 41667?a. 161122当且仅当x1?且3(y1?3?y1)(y1?3?y1),即x1?,y1?1同时成立时,S取得
4467a,以上同解法一. 最小值16
2????
20.解:由条件知F1(?2,0),F2(2,0),设A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2).
?????????解法一:(I)设M(x,y),则则FM?(x?2,y),F1A?(x1?2,y1), 1?????????????????????????F1B?(x2?2,y2),FO?(2,0),由FM?F1A?F1B?FO111得 ?x?2?x1?x2?6,?x1?x2?x?4,即? ?y?y?yy?y?y?12?12?x?4y?于是AB的中点坐标为?,?.
?22?yyy?y2y2(x1?x2). 当AB不与x轴垂直时,1,即y1?y2???x?8x1?x2x?4?2x?82222又因为A,B两点在双曲线上,所以x1?y12?2,x2?y2?2,两式相减得 (x1?x2)(x1?x2)?(y1?y2)(y1?y2),即(x1?x2)(x?4)?(y1?y2)y.
y(x1?x2)代入上式,化简得(x?6)2?y2?4. 将y1?y2?x?80),也满足上述方程. 当AB与x轴垂直时,x1?x2?2,求得M(8,所以点M的轨迹方程是(x?6)2?y2?4.
????????0),使CA?(II)假设在x轴上存在定点C(m,CB为常数.
当AB不与x轴垂直时,设直线AB的方程是y?k(x?2)(k??1).
代入x2?y2?2有(1?k2)x2?4k2x?(4k2?2)?0.
4k24k2?2则x1,x2是上述方程的两个实根,所以x1?x2?2,x1x2?2,
k?1k?1????????于是CA?CB?(x1?m)(x2?m)?k2(x1?2)(x2?2)
?(k2?1)x1x2?(2k2?m)(x1?x2)?4k2?m2
(k2?1)(4k2?2)4k2(2k2?m)???4k2?m2 22k?1k?12(1?2m)k2?24?4m2??m?2(1?2m)??m2. 22??1k?1????k???????????因为CA?CB是与k无关的常数,所以4?4m?0,即m?1,此时CA?CB=?1. 当AB与x轴垂直时,点A,B的坐标可分别设为(2,2),(2,?2),
????????此时CA?CB?(1,2)?(1,?2)??1.
????????,0),使CA?CB为常数. 故在x轴上存在定点C(1?x1?x2?x?4,解法二:(I)同解法一的(I)有?
?y1?y2?y当AB不与x轴垂直时,设直线AB的方程是y?k(x?2)(k??1).
代入x?y?2有(1?k)x?4kx?(4k?2)?0.
2222224k2则x1,x2是上述方程的两个实根,所以x1?x2?2.
k?1
?4k2?4k. y1?y2?k(x1?x2?4)?k??4??2k?1k?1??4k2由①②③得x?4?2.???????????????????④
k?14ky?2.??????????????????????????⑤
k?1x?4当k?0时,y?0,由④⑤得,?k,将其代入⑤有
yx?44?4y(x?4)y22y??.整理得(x?6)?y?4. 222(x?4)(x?4)?y?1y20),满足上述方程. 当k?0时,点M的坐标为(4,0),也满足上述方程. 当AB与x轴垂直时,x1?x2?2,求得M(8,故点M的轨迹方程是(x?6)2?y2?4.
????????0),使CA?(II)假设在x轴上存在定点点C(m,CB为常数,
4k24k2?2当AB不与x轴垂直时,由(I)有x1?x2?2?1,x1x2?2.
kk?1以上同解法一的(II).
22221.解:(I)当n≥2时,由已知得Sn?Sn?1?3nan.
因为an?Sn?Sn?1?0,所以Sn?Sn?1?3n2. ??????? ① 于是Sn?1?Sn?3(n?1)2. ????????② 由②-①得an?1?an?6n?3. ????????③ 于是an?2?an?1?6n?9. ????????④ 由④-③得an?2?an?6, ????????⑤
?b?bn?2ean?2所以?an?ean?2?an?e6,即数列?n?2?(n≥2)是常数数列.
bne?bn?(II)由①有S2?S1?12,所以a2?12?2a.由③有a3?a2?15,a4?a3?21,所以
a3?3?2a,a4?18?2a.
而 ⑤表明:数列{a2k}和{a2k?1}分别是以a2,a3为首项,6为公差的等差数列, 所以a2k?a2?6(k?1),a2k?1?a3?6(k?1),a2k?2?a4?6(k?1)(k?N*), 数列{an}是单调递增数列?a1?a2且a2k?a2k?1?a2k?2对任意的k?N*成立. ?a1?a2且a2?6(k?1)?a3?6(k?1)?a4?6(k?1)
915?a1?a2?a3?a4?a?12?2a?3?2a?18?2a??a?.
44?915?即所求a的取值集合是M??a?a??.
4??4bn?1?bnean?1?ean(III)解法一:弦AnAn?1的斜率为kn? ?an?1?anan?1?an
ex(x?x0)?(ex?ex0)ex?ex0任取x0,设函数f(x)?,则f(x)? 2x?x0(x?x0)x记g(x)?ex(x?x0)?(ex?e0),则g?(x)?ex(x?x0)?ex?ex?ex(x?x0), 当x?x0时,g?(x)?0,g(x)在(x0,??)上为增函数, 当x?x0时,g?(x)?0,g(x)在(??,x0)上为减函数,
所以x?x0时,g(x)?g(x0)?0,从而f?`(x)?0,所以f(x)在(??,x0)和(x0,??)上
都是增函数.
由(II)知,a?M时,数列{an}单调递增,
ean?1?eanean?2?ean取x0?an,因为an?an?1?an?2,所以kn?. ?an?1?anan?2?anean?1?ean?2ean?ean?2取x0?an?2,因为an?an?1?an?2,所以kn?1?. ?an?1?an?2an?an?2所以kn?kn?1,即弦AnAn?1(n?N*)的斜率随n单调递增.
ex?ean?1解法二:设函数f(x)?,同解法一得,f(x)在(??,an?1)和(an?1,??)上都是
x?an?1增函数,
ean?ean?1ex?ean?1ean?2?ean?1ex?ean?1an?1an?1所以kn?,. ?lim?ek??lim?en?1??n→an→aan?an?1an?2?an?1n?1x?an?1x?an?1n?1故kn?kn?1,即弦AnAn?1(n?N*)的斜率随n单调递增.