2018届届建平中学高三英语期中试卷
I. Listening Comprehension(略) II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
To have a fruitful discussion, teachers need to decide what seating arrangement is best for their own class and be prepared to experiment with different methods. (1) method is adopted, it should help and be productive of dialogue between children as well as between teacher and child. Within the physical setting, children and teachers should agree (2) a discussion takes place.
Why are rules necessary for discussion? This may be a question to ask the children. If children are given freedom to talk, why are there rules that will restrict that freedom? The golden rule is of course that one’s own freedom (3) not interfere with the freedom of others. Individuals within a democratic community have equal rights. A child who talks all the time (4) (deny) the rights of others to be heard. Each person should be allowed an equal chance to speak and to put forward their own point of view and if we wish (5) (listen) to, then we should listen to others. There is no point giving a point of view (6) someone is listening. (7) of us are capable of listening to more than one person at a time, so another basic rule should be: only one person to speak at a time. Listening implies not only hearing the words but paying attention to the meaning of (8) is being said. This is not a natural thing for children to do. School is typically a place where children learn to listen to the teacher but not to each other. The skills of listening need to be practiced. The ideal discussion, (9) everyone listens to the speaker and then each is allowed to reply, is rare among adults, let alone children. It works (10)
(well) when certain ground-rules for discussion are followed.
【答案】 1. Whichever
【解析】
1. 考查让步状语从句。前句中有different methods，所以应该用whichever，表示无论哪一种方法。 2. 考查宾语从句。
3. 考查情态动词。should 表示提出建议，表示该，可以。
4. 考查谓语动词。主语是单三人称，而且时态用一般现在时，所以用denies.
5. 考查动词不定式。wish to do sth, 固定搭配，但是也要注意此处用动词不定式的被动，表示我们希望被倾听。根据下文，主要在说讨论的规则，所以此处应该用how, 表示方式。
6. 考查条件状语从句。根据句意，表示如果没有人倾听，发表意见也是没有意义的。所以用unless。
7. 考查不定代词。根据句意，另外一个黄金规则是一次只有一个人说话，所以表示没有人能够一次同时倾听很多人讲话。所以选用None.
8. 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构，从句中缺少主语，用what表示正在被说的事情。 9. 考查非限制性定语从句。in which 就等于in the discussion.
10. 考查形容词比较级。前后句暗含比较，主要强调后句的方法更好。
【重难点词汇】 1. fruitful 2. adopt
3. productive 4. restrict 6. democratic
adj. 富有成效的；多产的 v. 采取；接受；收养； adj. 富有成效的；多产的 vt. 限制；约束；限定 adj. 民主的； 2. how
3. should
4. denies
5. to be listened 6. unless 7. None
8. what
9. in which
10. better
5. interfere with 干扰，干涉；妨碍；
7. there is no point (in) doing sth 做…没有意义 8. typically adv. 代表性地；典型地 9. rare
adj. 稀有的；稀薄的；半熟的
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10. ground-rule 基本原则，基本规则
Section B (10分)
Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. officially B. accessible C. fingertips D. afford E. purest F. secure G. display H. partnerless I. matched J. blankest K. historically
Most people get sweaty palms just staring at EI Capitan, a breathtaking rock formation i Yosemite National Park, California. Alex Honnold’s stayed dry. And this June, he managed to climb the 900-meter vertical wall, pulling on edges barely big enough for (1)_____.
Honnold could not (2)______ any slips. That’s because he carried nothing other than a bag of gymnasts’ chalk, to keep his fingers free of moisture. There was no rope to (3)____him if he fell. After a four-hour (4) ______ of power and precision, the 31-year-old safely challenged himself.
EI Capitan had been climbed (5) ______ before, including by Honnold, but never in the way he has. In 2011, an American TV show about his earlier “free solos” drew seventeen million viewers. In climbing, “free” means using nothing but rocks for support. “ Solo” means free of protection. It is the sport at its (6) _______. In Yosemite, the birthplace of American climbing, Hannold has reached its peak. Praise from fellow climbers was (7)______ only by relief at his safe return.
The achievement marks the latest in a series of milestones for sport climbing (竞技攀岩). In 2015, two other American Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson, established a route up the Dawn Wall, EI Capitan’s (8)______part, after years of attempts. They made the front page of the New York Times and got congratulations from Barack Obama for the achievement. Last year, sport climbing was (9) ______ accepted into the Olympic program for Tokyo 2020.
These have strengthened climbing’s position in the sporting circle in America and elsewhere. Google has invited Jorgeson to give a motivational talk to its employees. Climbing gyms have appeared around the globe over the past decade, making the event safer and more (10)______to ordinary people. The gyms have been popular among youngsters, who pay more attentions to exercises than to belongings.
【答案】1-5 CDFGH 6-10 EIJAB 【解析】
1. 考察名词。Alex Honnold 决定去徒手攀岩近乎垂直的岩石壁，手能接触的地方只有手指尖大小的地方 。选择C项。
2. 考察动词。从后文That’s because he carried nothing other than a bag of gymnasts’ chalk, to keep his fingers free of moisture. 说明Honnold could not (2)______ any slips，这句话是为什么不能怎么样。由于徒手攀岩，没有任何防护措施，所以对他来说不能有任何闪失。所以是 could not afford sth.....选择D项。
3. 考察动词。To do sth, 可知是动词原形，由于前两句是徒手攀岩，没有任何防护，所以没有绳子能保证他的安全。选择F项。 4. 考察名词。只有 G项名词。经过四个小时表现力量和精密度，他最终安全挑战了他自己。G项意思符合。
5. 考察形容词。EI Capitan had been climbed (5) ______ before, including by Honnold, but never in the way he has. In 2011, an American TV show about his earlier “free solos” drew seventeen million viewers. 可以看出以前也有人过来solo攀岩，对应的是partnerless.
6. 考察形容词。通过 In climbing, “free” means using nothing but rocks for support. “ Solo” means free of protection. 这正是这项运动最纯粹的部分。 at its purest， 选项E符合题意。
7. 考察分词。Be done 形式。只有 matched 符合题意。match 在此的意思是：to be suitable for a particular thing or situation.
8. 考察形容词。In 2015, two other American Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson, established a route up the Dawn Wall, EI Capitan’s (8)______part, after years of attempts. 多年的努力尝试，终于登上了EI Capitan 以前未曾有人成功登上的地方。 对应 blank, 空白的。 9. 考察副词。Last year, sport climbing was (9) ______ accepted into the Olympic program for Tokyo 2020. 在2020 年的奥林匹克 运动会上climbing成为一项目存在，比较正式的场合，所以 A项合适。
10. 考察形容词。Climbing gyms have appeared around the globe over the past decade, making the event safer and more (10)______to ordinary people. 现在攀岩馆出现在全世界各地，使得此项运动更加的安全和大众化。以前攀岩一项危险的运动，徒手无防护，只有冒险家才敢尝试。现在对大众来说也可以。所以B项合适。
【词组搭配】
1. At its purest. 最纯粹的方式。【拓展】at one’s best 处在某人最佳的状态。 2. Be accessible to .... 可进入的 3. Establish v. 建立 4. Precision n. 精密，精确度
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III. Reading Comprehension (45 分）
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.
At a certain age, you may feel as if you’re still at life’s beginning yet also disturbingly close to the (1) _______. You feel keenly that there’s much left to do. You were going to win an Oscar, pick up a Nobel Prize in physics and get elected president, (2)______ you haven’t even gotten around to auditioning (试镜) for a film, taking a university physics (3)______ or brushing up on your politics.
It’s almost enough to make you want to live forever. But then isn’t the real goal a life hugely increased not so much in (4) ______ as in width? A life during which it’s (5) ______to pursue every one of a wide range of coexistent possibilities?
It’s true. If you were immortal (永生的）, you might eventually get to be a philosopher and a cantor and an actor and a psychoanalyst and a novelist. But don’t forget: over the vastly extended period, life would certainly not cease exposing you to still further of (6)___________.
When you finally entered psychoanalytic training in 2100, you’d have to give up any number of other new possibilities that might at that instant (7) ______ themselves, such as joining an “expedition to Alpha Centauri, or learning to create art with the previously (8) ______ colors recently made visible on the spectrum. You might have crossed one possibility off our list, but you’d have (9) ______ three more. Hundreds of years in, you’d still as though you’d (10) ______ moved beyond the opening stages of what life has to offer.
Many activities you once loved, meanwhile, would fall out of fashion or out of reach. As an aging mortal, your knees might make it tough to run a marathon, causing you to (11)________all the healthy racers. As permanently youthful immortal, (12) ______ you might remain fit to run marathons over the centuries. But perhaps the beloved urban races of your youth would have long since disappeared and been (13) ______ because of impossibly hot global temperatures and the fact that future civilizations find interplanetary relays far more (14) ______. All of the things you once did have shelf lives, The longer you live, the more of them die, increasing the weight of the time that has flowed through your fingers.
Many of us 60- and 70-somethings will remember George Burn’s quip goes; old age isn’t great but it sure beats the alternative. There’s also truth to the reverse. (15)______ isn’t great, but it sure beats the alternative.
1. A. end B. interval C. milestone D. next 2. A. but B. though C. since D. whereas 3. A. price B. exam C. principle D. course 4. A. depth B. height C. length D. weight 5. A. enjoyable B. necessary C. impractical D. possible 6. A. choices B. lessons C. challenges D. disturbances 7. A. exclude B. face C. present D. ignore 8. A. unattractive B. pale C. unimaginable D. unique 9. A. added B. tried C. created D. identified 10. A. actually B. hardly C. significantly D. vaguely 11. A. encourage B. follow C. envy D. imitate 12. A. by contrast B. as a result C. for instance D. in addition 13. A. banned B. restored C. suspended D. feared 14. A. time-saving B. exciting C. comfortable D. economical 15. A. Future B. Youth C. Death D. Immortality
【答案】1-5 AADCD 6-10 ACCAB 11-15 CAABC 【分析】
1.考查名词。A. end 结束B. interval 间隔C. milestone 里程碑D. next 下一个。在某个年龄阶段，你会感觉自己好像生命才开始，但又会非常不安地觉得生命已走向尽头，故选A。
2.考查连词。A. but 然而B. though 虽然C. since 既然D. whereas 然而。你曾想赢得奥斯卡奖，摘取诺贝尔物理学奖的桂冠并当选总统，但现在你甚至还未曾参加过电影试镜，未选修过大学物理课，也未曾温习过政治，选A。
3.考查名词。A. price 价格B. exam 测试C. principle 原则D. course 课程 未选修过大学物理课，故选D。
4.考查名词。A. depth 深度B. height高度C. length 长度D. weight 重量。然而，人生真正的目标难道不是尽可能拓宽生命的广度而非增加其长度吗，根据句意可知选C。
5.考查形容词。A. enjoyable 享受B. necessary必要C. impractical不切实际的D. possible难道不是要追求一个能够尝试大千世界种种可能性的人生吗，故选D。
6.考查名词。A. choices 选择B. lessons 教训C. challenges挑战D. disturbances 扰乱。但别忘了：在那个无限延展的生命时光里，它当然也会展示给你更多的选择。根据句意可知选A。
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7.考查动词。A. exclude 排除B. face 面对C. present 呈现D. ignore 忽视。你也许不得不放弃同一时间出现的无数其它新的可能性，选C。
8.考查形容词。A. unattractive 不吸引人的 B. pale 灰暗的C. unimaginable 无法想象的D. unique 特别的。或者学习用以往难以想象但在最新的光谱上却能找到的新颜色去创作艺术，故选C。
9.考查动词。A. added 加上B. tried 尝试C. created 创造D. identified 指出。你也许尝试了一个可能，但与此同时你又多了三个新的，根据句意可知选A。
10.考查副词。A. actually 事实上B. hardly几乎C. significantly 显著地D. vaguely 模糊地。句意：几百年以后，你仍会感觉你好像仅仅徘徊在生活的开场，根据句意可知选B。
11.考查动词。A. encourage 鼓励B. follow 接着C. envy 妒忌D. imitate模仿。你的膝盖可能会阻碍你去跑马拉松，让你嫉妒所有健康的跑步者，故选C。
12.考查副词。A. by contrast 对比而言B. as a result 因此C. for instance 举例D. in addition 除此之外。相反，作为一个长生不老之人，你可能在活了几个世纪后，还可以健康地跑马拉松，根据句意和逻辑推理可知选A。
13.考查动词。A. banned 禁止B. restored 恢复C. suspended 暂停D. feared 恐惧。但或许你年轻时所钟爱的城市路跑很久以前就消失了，被禁了，因为那无法想象的全球高温，选A。
14.考查形容词。A. time-saving 节约时间的 B. exciting 令人兴奋的 C. comfortable 舒适的D. economical 省钱的。或者是未来文明发现星际接力赛更令人神往，故选B。
15.考查名词。A. Future 将来B. Youth 年轻C. Death死亡D. Immortality 永生。美国著名喜剧演员乔治?伯恩斯曾有妙语：“年老并不美好，但它肯定强过另一种结果。反之亦然，死亡并不美好，但它肯定好过另一种选择。”，根据句意可知选C。 Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Notices have been put up here and there in the village for the last fortnight announcing a meeting to discuss the yearly Flower Show, which has not been held in Fairacre for a number of years. Before I became the village schoolmistress here, the Flower Show appears to have been an event of some importance and people came from miles around to enjoy a day at Fairacre.
I decided to go to the meeting, as the children in my school, I knew, used to play quite a large part in this village excitement and there were a number of special competitions, such as collecting wild flowers, making dolls’ house decorations or little gardens and so on, included in the program.
It was a freezing, starlit night. By the time I arrived at the Village hall, there were about ten people already there. The doctor was chairman of the meeting. A few men were warming their hand over the rather smoky oil stove, which was trying, somewhat inefficiently, to warm the room. The meeting was called for seven thirty---a most inconvenient time in my private opinion as it successfully upsets the evening and puts back the time of one’s evening meal. By a quarter to eight only fifteen people had arrived.
“I think we must begin,” the doctor said, turning his gentle smile upon us. He gave a short speech about the past glories of Fairarce’s Flower Show and his hopes that it might take place again. “Perhaps someone would put forward the suggestion that the Flower Show be restarted?” he suggested. There was a heavy silence, broken only by the movement of feet from the bench at the back. All fifteen of us, I noticed, were middle-aged. John Pringle, Mrs. Pringle’s only child, must have been the youngest among us and he is a man of nearly thirty. It was John who, at last, shyly answered the doctor’s request.
“I’ll do it,” he said. “Propose we have a Flower Show then.” He sat down, pink and self-conscious, and the doctor thanked him sincerely. “Is there anybody else who agrees with this proposal?” Again that painful silence. It seemed as though we sat in a dream.
“I’ll do it,” I said, when I could stand the waiting no longer. “Good! Good!” said the doctor cheerfully. “Let’s take a vote here then.” All fifteen raised their hands doubtfully. To look at our faces an outsider might reasonably have thought we were having the choice of hanging or the electric chair.
56. What is the purpose of the meeting?
A. To make arrangements for the next Flower Show. B. To get people’s ideas about the next Flower Show.
C. To decide whether a Flower Show would be held again.
D. To find out whether people would help with the Flower Show.
57. What was the reason for the author’s attendance?
A. The school children has always taken part in the Flower Show. B. She wanted to find out what the children could do to help.
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C. She wanted to know what special lessons to give the children. D. The school children might do more work in the school garden.
58. Why did the author declare her support for Mr. Pringle’s proposal? A. It had become fairly clear that nobody else would. B. She was in hurry to go home.
C. She was the only one really interested in the matter. D. She felt sorry for the doctor.
【答案】56.C 57.A 58.A 【分析】
56. 首段的第一句话中提到召集村庄里所有的人开会商讨一年一度的Flower Show---花展，而这个花展已经有好几年没在Fairacre举办了，所以是为了讨论是否再次举办Flower Show，故答案是C。
57. 文章第二段的首句即是答案，作者学校的学生过去常常参与到Flower Show当中，故答案是A。
58. 文章最后三段描述了proposal的过程，从中可以看出，没有人愿意站出来支持Mr. Pringle举办花展的提议，除了作者，故答案是A。
(B)
Mapping Antarctica
Antarctica was on the map long before anyone ever laid eyes on it. Nearly 2,400 years ago, ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotle believed that a great continent must exist at the bottom of the world. They though it was needed to balance out the continents at the top of the world. In the 1500s, mapmakers often included a fanciful continent they referred to as Terra Incognita (Latin for “unknown land”) at the bottom of their maps. But it was not until the 1800s -----after explorers had sighted and set foot on Antarctica----- that mapmakers got down to the business of really mapping the continent, which is one—and—a –half times the size of the U.S..
While the coastline could be mapped by ships sailing around the continent, it took airplanes—and later, satellites---to chart Antarctica’s vast interior(内陆). That job continues today. And it is a job that still require a mapmaker, or cartographer, to put on boots and head out into the wild. Cole Kelleher is familiar with that. He is a cartographer with the Polar Geospatial Center (PGC), which is based at the University of Minnesota and has a staff at McMurdo Station. PGC teamed up with Google to use the company’s Trekker technology to capture images of Antarctica for the Internet giant’s popular feature, Street View. A Trekker camera, which is the size of a basketball, is set about two feet above a backpack. The camera records image in all directions. “It weighs about 50 pounds. I was out for two and a half days, hiking 10 to 12 hours each day,” says Kelleher. It was hard work, but really an incredible experience.” According to Kelleher there are plans to use the technology to create educational apps for museums.
The PGC staff at McMurdo Station provides highly specialized mapmaking services for the U.S. Antarctic Program. For one project, Kelleher used satellite images to map huge cracks in the ice. That helped a team of researchers know whether they could safely approach their field camp on snowmobiles. Another recent project was to help recover a giant, high—tech helium(氦气) balloon used to carry scientific instruments high into the atmosphere. These balloons are launched in Antarctica because there is no danger that they will hurt anyone when they fall back down to Earth. Using satellite images, Kelleher and colleagues created maps of where the balloon could be found.
Antarctica may no longer be Terra Incognita, but it still holds countless mysteries. Cartographers and the maps they make will continue to be essential in helping scientists unlock those secrets.
59. From the passage, we can infer that Antarctica was on the map in the 1500s when________.
A. mapmakers knew it was much larger than the U.S. B. Aristotle named the continent Terra Incognita C. no one had ever seen or been to the continent
D. it was such an interesting continent as was often referred to
60. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. It needs much work for the mapmakers to head out into the wild. B. The interior can only be mapped by planes and satellites. C. It is relatively easy to map Antarctica’s coastline by ship. D. Antarctic is a vast but still mysterious continent.
61. The Polar Geospatial Center (PGC) works with Google initially_________.
A. to capture images of Antarctica for Street View B. to test the company’s Trekker technology C. to create educational apps for museums
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