D. to hike for an incredible experience
62. The fourth paragraph mainly talks about _______.
A. satellite images which are used to map huge cracks in the ice B. a high-tech helium balloon for carrying scientific instruments
C. how to safely approach the researcher’s field camp and the balloon D. the specialized mapmaking services provided by the PGC staff
【答案】59.C 60.B 61.A 62.D 【分析】
59.文章首段的第四句可知C。 60.根据第二段的第二句可知，选B。 61.根据第三段第二句选A。
62.整个第四段都是在说明文章首句The PGC staff at McMurdo Station provides highly specialized mapmaking services for the U.S. Antarctic Program.故选C。
（C）
A therapy-animal trend attracts the United States. The San Francisco airport uses a pig to calm tired travelers. Universities nationwide bring dogs (and a donkey) onto campus to relieve students during finals. And that duck on a plane? It might be an emotional-support animal prescribed by a mental health professional.
The trend, which has been gaining popularity hugely since its initial stirrings a few decades ago, is strengthened by a widespread belief that interaction with animals can reduce distress whether it happens over belief physical contact at the airport or in long-term relationships at home. Certainly the groups offering up pets think so, as do some mental health professionals. But the popular embrace of pets as furry therapists is causing growing discomfort among some researchers in the field, who say it has raced far ahead of scientific evidence.
Earlier this year in the Journal of Applied Development Science, an introduction to articles on “animal -assisted intervention” said research into its effectiveness “remains in its infancy.” A recent literature review by Molly Crossman, a Yale University doctoral candidate who recently wrapped up one study involving an 8-year-old dog named Pardner, cited a “vague body of evidence” that sometimes has shown positive short-term effects, often found no effect and occasionally identified higher rates of distress.
Overall, Crossman wrote, animals seem to be helpful in a “small-to-medium” way, but it’s unclear whether the animals deserve the credit or something else is at play.
“It’s a field that has been sort of carried forward by the beliefs of practitioners” who have seen patients’ mental health improve after working with or adopting animals, said James Serpell, director of the Centre for the Interaction of Animals and Society at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. “That kind of thing has almost driven the field, and the research is playing catch-up. In other words, people are recognizing that stories aren’t enough.”
Using animals in mental health setting is nothing new. In the 17th century, a Quaker-run retreat in England encouraged mentally ill patients to interact with animals on its grounds. Sigmund Freud often included one of his dogs in psychoanalysis sessions. Yet the subject did not become a research target until the American psychologist Boris Levinson began writing in the 1960s about the positive effect his dog Jingles had on patients.
But the evidence to date is problematic, according to Crossman’s review and others before it. Most studies had small sample sizes, she wrote, and an “alarming numbers” did not control for other possible reasons for a changed stress level, such as interaction with animal’s human handler. Studies also tend to generalize across animals, she noted. If participants are measurably relieved by one golden retriever, that doesn’t mean another dog---or another species--will arouse the same response.
63. According to the passage, what makes the therapy-animal trend more popular? A. It has been in existence for no less than twenty years.
B. Mental health professionals have managed to cure patients with animals. C. It is widely assumed that staying with animals can make people happier.
D. There is much related research to show that animals do good to some patients.
64. Molly Crossman is quoted in the passage to ____ .
A. illustrate more scientific evidence is needed that animals are effective therapists. B. highlight the importance of practitioners’ beliefs in the field of animal therapies. C. question Srepell’s view that animals deserve the credit in helping patients. D. criticize people for their taking human-animal stories too seriously.
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65. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Animal-assisted intervention turns out to be of more use than people think. B. It is hard to see how many reasons there are for people to benefit from animals. C. Research findings relating to one breed of dogs may not apply to another breed. D. Small sample sizes can sometimes produce reliable effects in human-animal studies
66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. More evidence found for dog-human relationship B. Potential effects dogs have on patients C. Therapeutic animal: nothing new D. Good dog, good therapist?
【答案】63.C 64.A 65.C 66.D 【分析】
63.文章第二段的首句意思即可得，本题题干是对第二段首句的同义解释，故选A。 64.根据第四段，it’s unclear whether the animals deserve the credit or something else is at play. 可知现有的证据是不能够充分证明动物有助于缓解压力的，故选A。
65.根据文章末可知，一种类型动物身上出现的实验结果不一定出现在另一类型动物身上，故选D。
66.本文主要是针对与动物的互动有助于人类解压的论点给出了两个实验结果加以推理和批判，故D项能概括全文。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. However, the Mexican government does not have enough money to do the work, and needs to spend what money it has on the Mexican people.
B. That is enough to have caused some of the ancient carvings to become seriously damaged already.
C. So unless the price of rises, it is unlikely that Mexican will be able to afford to clean up the pollution an save its
Mayan ruins from destruction.
D. These measures would reduce the pollution, but would not stop it completely. AB. The problem, however, is not a European one. AC. They dissolve in rainwater and this makes acid rain, which damages trees, rivers and streams Acid rain is now a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe. Harmful gases like Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are produced by power stations and cars. (1) Acid rain is also capable of dissolving some rocks an buildings made of soft rock, such as limestone, are particularly badly affected. The acid rain attacks the rock, and so carvings and statues are worn away more quickly.
(2) According to a report in the Scientist, acid rain is being blamed for the rapid decay of ancient ruins Mexico. The old limestone buildings in places like Chichen Itza, Tulum and Palenque are wearing away very quickly indeed. These sites are the remains of the buildings built by the Mayas between 250 BC and AD900, and the spectacular ruins of civilization are visited by thousands of tourists every year.
The acid rain is said to be caused by pollution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Car exhaust gases are also a problem. Local volcanic eruption make the problem even worse. Nevertheless, with enough money and effort, researchers say that many of the problems could be solved and the rate of dissolving reduced.(3) Mexico’s current lack of funds is also partly due to oil. The country has rich oil field and a few years ago, when oil was expensive, Mexico was selling large quantities of oil to the USA and earning a lot of money. The government was therefore able to borrow huge sums of money from banks around the world, thinking they would have no problem repaying their debts. However, the price of oil then dropped, and Mexico has been left owing enormous sums of money and with not enough income from oil sales to pay back the loans. (4)
【答案】 AC, AB, A, C 【解析】
1. 前文讲解了acid rain 会释放有害的气体sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide，根据作者的行文思路，可知答案AC，讲明这些有害气体是怎样形成酸雨，对环境造成伤害的。
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2. 前文第一段讲了Acid rain is now a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe. 后文 acid rain is being blamed for the rapid decay of ancient ruins Mexico. 可知这一问题的症结在the rapid decay of ancient ruins Mexico，前后发生了转折， 可知答案AB
3. 根据上文with enough money and effort, ... the rate of dissolving reduced.可知with enough money 可以缓解这一问题，后文Mexico’s current lack of funds ，可知选项的关键词为money,且资金缺乏，可知答案A
4. 这一段主要讲了解决措施，足够的钱是解决这一问题的关键，根据前文the price of oil then dropped, and Mexico has been left owing enormous sums of money and with not enough income from oil sales to pay back the loans.可知石油价格是enough money的关键，可知答案C
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Ellie is a psychologist, and a good one at that. Smile in a certain way, and she knows precisely what your smile means. She listens to what you say, processes every word, works out the meaning of your pitch, your tone, your posture, everything. She is at the top of her game but, according to a new study, her greatest advantage is that she is not human.
When faced with tough or potentially embarrassing questions, people often do not tell doctors what they need to hear. Yet the researchers behind Ellie, led by Jonathan Gratch at the Institute for Creative Technologies, in Los Angeles, suspected from their years of monitoring human interactions with computers that people might be more willing to talk if presented with an avatar, that is, a virtual figure. To test this idea, they put 239 people in front of Ellie to have a chat with her about their lives. Half were told (truthfully) they would be interacting with an artificially intelligent virtual human (AIVH); the others were told (falsely) that Ellie was a bit like a puppet, and was having her strings pulled remotely by a person.
Dr Gratch and his colleagues report that, though every participant interacted with the same avatar, their experiences differed markedly based on what they believed they were dealing with. Those who thought Ellie was under the control of a human operator reported greater fear of disclosing personal information, and said they managed more carefully what they expressed during the session, than did those who believed they were simply interacting with a computer.
【答案】
Ellie, a virtual psychologist, gains an advantage over a human doctor in helping patients. In the research, the participants were asked to talk with Ellie. Some were told Ellie was a virtual human while the others were told Ellie was controlled by a man. The researchers found the former were more willing than the later to disclose their personal information
【分析】
1. 要点中需要包括?Ellie是一个a virtual psychologist；?需要介绍对于Ellie的不同观点?总结。 2. 容易出现的问题是?未能抓住文章的主旨大意；?缺乏逻辑，文章整体思路混乱。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1. 二个月后他才适应了国外的生活。（It） 2. 雨天路滑，小心驾驶，以防不测。（in case）
3. 看到小鸟在笼子里痛苦地挣扎，他毫不犹豫地打开笼门，让小鸟自由。（free）
4. 这款产品不仅环保，易于操作，价格较之以前也降了一半，因而畅销海内外。（Not only）
【答案】1. It took him two months to adapt himself to the life abroad.
2. The road is slippery on rainy days, so drive carefully in case of accidents.
3. He unhesitatingly opened the gate of the cage to free the little bird, when saw it struggling to survive in the cage.
4. Not only is this type of product eco-friendly and easy to operate, but the price has halved compared with before, and thus it sells well at home and abroad.
【分析】1. 括号中的It首字母大写，须知应放在句首。该题考查it位于句首的常用句型，It takes somebody ...to do something，该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it引导的是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为“做……要花费某人……”。使某人适应新的变化和环境，adapt oneself to...。
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2. 该题考查in case的用法，以及句子的因果关系。原因是“雨天路滑”，所以要“小心驾驶”。“不测”可用accidents, 意为“事故；意外”，与驾驶契合。
3. 该提考查when引导的时间状语从句，以及free作为及物动词的用法，后面直接跟宾语bird。 4. 该题考查Not only放在句首的倒装句用法，谓语动词提到主语前面。
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 请记叙一件发生在你的旅行途中的印象深刻的事，并简要谈谈你的感悟。
【参考范文】
I love traveling. Traveling not only broadens my horizons but also opens my eyes to the world. What’s more, it refreshes me. However, among all my trips, the trip to Guilin impress me most.
Famed as a heaven on earth, the scenery of Guilin and its livable environment deeply enchanted us. Unfortunately, I saw a couple of youngsters throwing rubbish into the lake where many dead fishes floated on the surface, sitting on the boat and enjoying their sightseeing. What the aboving scene can be elaborated in terms of environmental problem and public manners. On the one hand, along with the development of the economy and society, people tend to attach great importance to personal and economic interests, ignoring ecological balance. As a consequence, environment has been polluted so seriously that environmental protection should be put on the agenda immediately. On the other hand, the inappropriate public manners such as littering and spitting are also one of the major factors causing environmental problems.
To live a more comfortable life, we must promote and popularize the sense of environmental protection. For one thing, laws and regulations should be issued to change the practice of sacrificing long-term environmental health for short-term rapid economic development. For another, some educational campaign should be launched among the public, especially the young, to raise the awareness of public morality. Only in these ways can we achieve sustainable development and live in a harmonious society.
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