4) 表示分数时,分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时,分母加-s。例如: three fourths, one second, two fifths 2、难点? 倍数表示法
主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. + as
I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。
考点一 基数词
表示数目或数量多少的词叫基数词。
1. 基数词的读写 (1)1~12 单独记:one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve (2) 13~19词尾为teen: thirteen, fourteen, fifteen...
(3)20, 30, 40 等逢十的单词词尾为ty: twenty, thirty, forty... (4) 21~99在十位数和个位数之间加连字符构成。如: 73 seventy- three 88 eighty- eight
(5) 101~999 先加几百,再加and, 再加末尾两位数(或末尾数)。 如: 178 one hundred and seventy- eight 238 two hundred and thirty-eight
(6) 1000以上的数词,先从后向前数,每三位用一个“,”隔开,第一个“,”表示thousand(千),第二个“,”表示million(百万),第三个“,”表示billion(美语中的十亿),或thousand million(英国用法),然后一节一节用几百几十几的方法表示。在这类数词中hundred, thousand, million, billion等词一般都用单数形式。如:
1,004 one thousand and four
18,657,421 eighteen million, six hundred and fifty-seven thousand four hundred and twenty- one
4,000,000,000 four billion
2. 基数词的用法
(1) 在表示具体数目时,hundred, thousand, million 等用单数;在表示“数百”“数千”“数百万”等不确定数目时,在hundreds, thousands, millions 等后接“of +名词复数”。如:
The Great Wall is over six thousand kilometers long. 长城有六千多千米长。 Those mountains are thousands of meters high.那些山有数千米高。
Many thousands of trees must be planted every year.每年必须种植数千棵树。 Four hundred years ago, the number was over 500 million.四百年前,数量是五亿多。 (3) 表示“几十”的基数词的复数形式,可用来表示某人的岁数或年代。如: He went to the United States in his twenties. 他在20多岁时去了美国。
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This took place in the 1960s.(或in the 1960's.) 这件事发生在20世纪60年代。 3. 基数词的位置
(1) 位于 another, all 之后。如:
Can you have another two cakes? 你能再吃两块蛋糕吗?
The boy lost all the five pencils last week. 这孩子上周把5支铅笔全丢了。 (2) 位于 such和more 之前。如:
I can finish reading two such books in two days. 我能在两天内读完两本这样的书。
考点二 序数词
表示数目顺序的词叫序数词。 1. 序数词的构成
(1) 序数词第一~ 十九中除第一(first),第二(second), 第三(third), 第五(fifth), 第八(eighth), 第九(ninth), 第十二(twelfth)有特殊形式外,其余的均由基数词加后缀-th 构成。如: four----fourth, ten----tenth, thirteen---- thirteenth
(2) 整十的数字的序数词的构成方法是: 先将十位数词尾的y 变成i, 再加- eth. 如: thirty- thirtieth, forty- fortieth
(3) 将几十几变成序数词时,只把个位数变成序数词,十位数不变。如:
thirty-six-----thirty-sixth, ninety-eight-----ninety-eighth (4) hundred, thousand, million, billion的序数词为在词尾加-th. 如果是多位数,则前边的数用基数词,末尾数用序数词。如:
Two thousand and second (2002nd) One hundred and ninety-ninth (199th)
(5) 序数词的缩写形式是由阿拉伯数字加上序数词的最后两个字母构成的。如:
first-- 1st second-- 2nd third-- 3rd fourth--4th twelfth-- 12th twenty-first--- 21st
one hundred and fifty-third---- 153rd forty-fifth---- 45th 2. 序数词的用法
(1) 序数词前要加定冠词the, 在句中作定语,放在被修饰的名词前。如: The second lesson is more difficult than the first. 第二课比第一课难得多。 (2) 序数词前加不定冠词a/an,表示“再一”“又一”。如:
Try it a second time. 请再试一试。
He cast it a third time, and drew in a lot of stones. 他又撒了一次网,拉上来许多石头。(已撒过两次)
(3) 给东西编号时,序号在前时用序数词表示,序号在后时用基数词表示。如:
the Fifth Lesson/ Lesson Five No. 14 middle school
考点三 年份、日期、时刻的读法
1. 年份 四位数常分两组来读。如:
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1996 读作 nineteen ninety-six
1905 读作 nineteen o five 或 nineteen and five 2000 读作 two thousand 2. 日期用序数词表示。如:
July 3rd 读作 July the third
November 25th 读作 November the twenty-fifth December 1st 读作 December the first 世纪也用序数词表示,如: the 20th century
3. 时刻有两种读法:一是直接读数字,先读钟点数,后读分钟数;二是用介词past 表示几点过几分(不超过半小时)或用to 表示差几分几点(超过半小时,还差多少分钟到下一个钟点),这时先读分钟数,后读钟点数。如:
4:10 four ten/ ten past four
5:15 five fifteen/ a quarter past five 6:30 six thirty/ half past six
7:45 seven forty-five/ a quarter to eight
注意:房间号码和电话号码要一个一个分别读。如: Room 203 读作room two o three
754662 读作 seven five four double six two 3、易错点
1. We will have a _________ holiday after the exam. A. two month B. two-month C. two month’s D. two-months 2. ._______ trees are cut down in the forests every year.
A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 3. Our sports meeting will be held ________. A. on 24, Tuesday, April B. in April 24, Tuesday C. on Tuesday, April 24 D. in April Tuesday 24
4. Our school will hold a sports meeting next week. Tom and I will be in boys' .
A.800-metres-race B.800-metres races C.800-metre race D.800 metre race ?
5. I'm very hungry, I have eaten two cakes, would you please give me one?
A. move B. three C. a third D. the third ? 6. of the land in the world is covered by water.?
A. Four three B. Three four C. Three fourth D. Three fourths? 7. We will have holiday in the winter.?
A. four weeks B. a four-week C. four week D. a four weeks ?
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1答案: B (选择C的同学要注意应用two months’; 选择D的同学要注意名词之间有 ―— ― 后的组合词当作形容词来用, 因此就不用所有格形式了.) 2答案: D. (选择C的同学注意词组记忆的准确性)
3答案: C. (选B的同学是受到中文的影响,要特别注意中英文的差异) May 20th,2002,the twentieth of May,2002?
注意:带有数词的名词作定语时,一般用单数形式? a seven-year-old boy? ??
4答案: C. 800来修饰race,有两种表达法,800-metre race或800 metres' race. 5答案: C. 序数词前加不定冠词,表示―又一,再一‖,表示another。 ? 6答案: D. 此题考查分数的写法,如果分子大于1,分母用复数。 ? 7答案: B. 此题为一个四星期的假期,数词+名词用作定语。 ?
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第五次课:介词
1.介词的分类
简单介词:in ,on , at
复合介词:inside, without...
根据介词的形式分类 双重介词:until after 直到。。。后 from behind
短语介词: instead of 替代 thanks to 多亏
动词-ing形式介词: considering 考虑到concerning 关于
表示空间关系:off 远离 , down ,along,near
表示方位:over, 在。。。上方,below 在。。。下方,beside
根据介词的意义分类 表示时间:about, until
表示手段、施动者等:like , whith ,by
2.常用表示时间的介词 I. at, on, in
(A)at表示―在某一时刻,某一时点‖。如: I get up at 6:00 every day.我每天6点起床。 注:at noon在中午;at night在夜间;at Christmas在圣诞节期间;at the age of five在五岁时。
(B)on表示―在具体某一天或某天的上、下午‖。如:
I heard a shot on (the morning of ) March 18.三月十八日(早晨)我听到一声枪响。 We don’t have classes on Sunday.星期天我们不上课。
(C)in表示―在某世纪、年、季度、月、周‖以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。如: in the 20th century在20世纪;in 1999在1999年;in winter在冬季;in September在九月;in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上。
II. for, during, through
(A)for后接―一段时间‖,表示某事持续多久,多与完成时连用。如: She has been ill for several days. 她已经病了几天了。 (B)during表示―在……期间‖。如:
I went to France for two weeks during the summer. 夏天我去了法国两个星期。
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