青海大学
《化工过程设备设计Ⅱ》
设计说明书
设计题目：年产2.76×103t乙酸乙酯反应器设计 班 级：2013级化工2班 姓 名：邬天贵 学 号：1320103130
前言
乙酸乙酯，又称醋酸乙酯，分子式C4H8O2。它是一种无色透明易挥发的可燃性液体，呈强烈清凉菠萝香气和葡萄酒香味。乙酸乙酯能很好的溶于乙醇、氯仿、乙醚、甘油、丙二醇和大多数非挥发性油等有机溶剂中，稍溶于水，25℃时，1ml乙酸乙酯可溶于10ml水中，而且在碱性溶液中易分解成乙酸和乙醇。水能使其缓慢分解而呈酸性。乙酸乙酯与水和乙醇都能形成二元共沸混合物，与水形成的共沸物沸点为70.4℃，其中含水量为6.1%（质量分数）。与乙醇形成的共沸物沸点为71.8℃。还与7.8%的水和9.0%的乙醇形成三元共沸物，其沸点为70.2℃。
乙酸乙酯应用最广泛的脂肪酸酯之一，具有优良的溶解性能，是一种较好的工业溶剂，已经被广泛应用于醋酸纤维、乙基纤维、氯化橡胶、乙醛纤维树脂、合成橡胶等的生产，也可用于生产复印机用液体硝基纤维墨水，在纺织工业中用作清洗剂，在食品工业中用作特殊改性酒精的香味萃取剂，在香料工业中是最重要的香味添加剂，可作为调香剂的组分，乙酸乙酯也可用作黏合剂的溶剂，油漆的稀释剂以及作为制造药物、染料等的原料。
目前，国内外市场需求不断增加。在人类不断注重环保的今天，在涂料油墨生产中采用高档溶剂是大势所趋。作为高档溶剂，乙酸乙酯在国内外的应用在持续稳定的增长，在建筑、汽车等行业的迅速发展，也会带动对乙酸乙酯类溶剂的需求。
工业生产技术
目前全球乙酸乙酯工业生产方法主要有醋酸酯化法、乙醛缩合法、乙醇脱氢法和乙烯加成法等。传统的醋酸酯化法工艺在国外被逐步淘汰，而大规模生产装置主要采用后三种方法，其中新建装置多采用乙烯加成法。本设计采用醋酸酯化法。
醋酸酯化法
在硫酸催化剂作用下，醋酸和乙醇直接酯化生成乙酸乙酯。该工艺方法技术成熟，投资少，操作简单，但缺点是生产成本高、硫酸对设备腐蚀性强、副反应多、产品处理困难、环境污染严重。目前我国大多数企业仍采用醋酸酯化法生产乙酸乙酯。
目录
一、工艺设计·························································1 1.1原料液的处理量···············································1 1.2原料液的起始浓度···············································1 1.3反应时间与反应体积············································1 二、物料衡算·························································2 三、热量衡算·························································3 3.1标准反应热···················································3 3.2热量衡算·······················································3 3.3换热计算·····················································5 四、反应釜釜体设计··················································5 4.1反应器的直径与高度·············································5 4.2筒体的壁厚·····················································7 4.3反应釜封头厚度·················································8 五、反应釜夹套设计···················································8 5.1夹套DN、PN的确定··············································8 5.2夹套筒体的壁厚················································9 5.3夹套筒体的高度················································10 5.4夹套的封头····················································10 5.5换热面积校核··················································10 六、反应釜釜体及夹套压力试验········································10 6.1釜体的水压试验················································11 6.2夹套的液压试验···············································11 七、搅拌器··························································12 7.1搅拌桨的尺寸与安装位置········································13 7.2搅拌功率的计算················································14 7.3搅拌轴直径设计················································15 八、反应釜附件的选型与尺寸设计······································17 8.1原料液进料管··················································17 8.2人孔与手孔····················································17 8.3支
座··························································17 8.4传动装置······················································17 8.5机架··························································18 九、设计结果一览表·················································18 十、设计心得·······················································20 参考文献·······················································21
一、工艺设计
1.1原料液的处理量
根据乙酸乙酯的产量可计算出每小时乙酸用量为 2.76×103×103
Q=88×7200×0.386 =11.285kmol/h 由于原料液的组分质量比为1:2:1.35 所以单位时间处理量为
11.285×60×4.353
Q0= =2.888m/h 10201.2原料液的起始浓度
11.285
CA0=2.888 =3.908mol/L 有质量比可得乙醇和水的起始浓度 3.908×60×2
CB0= =10.195mol/L 463.908×60×1.35 CS0= =17.586mol/L 18