无锡工艺职业技术学院
毕 业 设 计
课题名称 基于FX2N的七层电梯控制系统设计
姓 名 学 号 系 (院) 机电工程系 班 级 指导教师
二O一 年 月
摘要
随着科学技术的发展、近年来,我国的电梯生产技术得到了迅速发展.一些电梯厂也在不断改进设计、修改工艺。更新换代生产更新型的电梯,电梯主要分为机机械系统与控制系统两大部份,随着自动控制理论与微电子技术的发展,电梯的拖动方式与控制手段均发生了很大的变化,交流调速是当前电梯拖动的主要发展方向。目前电梯控制系统主要有三种控制方式:继电路控制系统(“早期安装的电梯多位继电器控制系统)、PLC控制系统、微机控制系统。继电器控制系统由于故障率高、可靠性差、控制方式不灵活以及消耗功率大等缺点,目前已逐渐被淘汰。微机控制系统虽在智能控制方面有较强的功能,但也存在抗扰性差,系统设计复杂,一般维修人员难以掌握其维修技术等缺陷。而PLC控制系统由于运行可靠性高,使用维修方便,抗干扰性强,设计和调试周期较短等优点,倍受人们重视等优点,已成为目前在电梯控制系统中使用最多的控制方式,目前也广泛用于传统继电器控制系统的技术改造。
目前国内七八十年代安装的许多电梯电气部分用继电器接触器控制系统,线路复杂,接线多,故障率高,维修保养难,许多已处于闲置状态,其拽引系统多采用交流双速电机系统换速,效率低,调速性能指标较差,严重影响电梯运行质量。由于这些电梯交流调压调速系统,交流双速电机拖动系统性能及乘坐舒适感较差,交流调压调速系统属能耗型调速的机械部分无大问题,为节约资金,大部分老式电梯用户希望对电梯的电气控制系统进行改造,提高电梯的运行性能。因此对电梯控制技术进行研究,寻找适合我国老式电梯的改造方法具有十分重要的意义。
[关键词]: 电梯 变频器 PLC控制
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Abstract:
With the development of science and technology in recent years, China's elevator production technology developed rapidly. Some elevator works are also constantly improving the design and modification process. Production of newer replacement elevator, elevator mechanical system is divided into two parts and control systems, automatic control theory and with the development of semiconductor technology, elevator controls drag way, great changes have occurred , AC elevator speed is the current direction of the main drag. There are currently three types of elevator control system Control: Following the circuit control system (\for a number of relays), PLC control system, computer control
system. Relay control system due to a failure rate, poor reliability, control mode Power consumption is not flexible and large, etc, have become obsolete. The PLC control system as high reliability, easy maintenance, strong anti-interference, design and debugging advantages of short cycle, have become people attach importance to the advantages, has become in the elevator control system, control method used most, is also widely used in traditional relay control system transformation.
Currently 7 80's electrical installation in many parts of the lift control system with the relay contacts, circuit complexity, wiring and more high failure rate, maintenance is difficult, and many have been idle, its lead system pulled over AC two-speed motor system-for-speed, low efficiency, poor speed performance, seriously affecting the quality of the lift operation. Because of these lifts AC Voltage Control System, AC two-speed motor drive system performance and ride comfort poor, AC Voltage Speed Control System is a type of mechanical energy without major problems, to save money, most of the old-fashioned elevator user wishes to lift the electrical control system to reform, improve the operating performance of the elevator. Therefore, the elevator control technology research, searching for the transformation of our old-fashioned method of lift is of great significance
[Key Words] Elevator Ttransducer PLC control Variable-frequency adjustable-speed
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目录
摘要 .................................................................................................................................................. 1 前言 .................................................................................................................................................. 4 第一章电梯控制系统的组成........................................................................................................... 5
1.1电力拖动............................................................................................................................. 5 1.2电气控制............................................................................................................................. 5 第二章三菱FX2N 系列可编程序控制器介绍 .............................................................................. 6
2.1.可编程控制器的基础认识 ................................................................................................. 6 2.2 可编程序控制器的工作方式 ............................................................................................. 7 2.3 PLC的编程语言 ................................................................................................................ 8 第三章 系统设计 .......................................................................................................................... 10
3.1 PLC输入信号的确定方法 .............................................................................................. 10 3.2 PLC输出信号的确定方法 .............................................................................................. 10 3.3 PLC控制程序的编制方法 .............................................................................................. 10 3.3PLC电梯控制系统的组成 ............................................................................................... 12 第四章 电梯模型PLC控制系统设计 ....................................................................................... 13
4.1电梯的控制要求 ............................................................................................................... 13 4.2 PLC控制系统的设计分析 .............................................................................................. 13 4.3电梯模型PLC控制系统设计 ......................................................................................... 14 4.4 PLC的选择 ...................................................................................................................... 15 4.5 I/O分配表 ........................................................................................................................ 15 4.6硬线接线图....................................................................................................................... 16 4.7 PLC程序梯形图 .............................................................................................................. 17 第五章 电梯PLC的调试与安装............................................................................................... 26
5.1模拟调试........................................................................................................................... 26 5.2安装调试........................................................................................................................... 26 5.2.1单指令运行调试.......................................................................................................... 26 5.2.2复杂运行调试 ............................................................................................................. 27 结束语 ............................................................................................................................................ 28 参考文献 ........................................................................................................................................ 29 致谢 ................................................................................................................................................ 30
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前言
电梯是高层宾馆、商店、住宅、多层厂房和仓库等高层建筑不可缺少的垂直方向的交通工具。随着社会的发展,建筑物规模越来越大,楼层越来越多,对电梯的调速精度.、调速范围等静态和动态特性提出了更高的要求。传统的电梯运行逻辑控制系统采用继电器逻辑控制线路。这种控制线路,存在易出故障、维护不便、运行寿命较短、占用空间大等缺点。从技术发展来看,这种系统将逐渐被淘汰。
目前,由可编程序控制器(PLC)和微机组成的电梯运行逻辑控制系统,正以很快的速度发展着。采用PLC控制的电梯可靠性高、维护方便、开发周期短,这种电梯运行更加可靠,并具有很大的灵活性,可以完成更为复杂的控制任务,己成为电梯控制的发展方向,其许多功能是传统的继电器控制系统无法实现的。
电梯的控制是比较复杂的,在计算机诞生前的几十年里,继电器控制系统为电梯控制的发展起到了巨大的作用,然而其控制性能与自身的功能已无法满足与适应电梯控制的要求和发展,与PLC相比较,存在着质的差别。电梯使用继电接触器控制的时代,很难设计出质量优良的电梯控制系统,而现在,可编程控制器的使用为电梯的控制提供了广阔的空间。PLC是专门为工业过程控制而设计的控制设备,随着PLC应用技术的不断发展,将使得它的体积大大减小,功能不断完善,过程的控制更平稳、可靠,抗干扰性能增强、机械与电气部件被有机地结合在一个设备内,把仪表、电子和计算机的功能综合在一起。因此,它己经成为电梯运行中的关键技术。
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