n. [C] grave 墓穴
A few red roses were scattered on the tomb. 那座坟墓上散放着几朵红玫瑰。 legend
n. [U, C] a story from ancient times about people and events, that may or may not be true 传说，传奇故事 This is a popular legend. 这是一个民间传说。
descendant
n. [C] a person, animal, or plant when described as descended from an individual, race, species, etc. 后代，后裔
They are the descendants of Queen Victoria. 他们是维多利亚女王的后裔。
dramatic
a. very great and often surprising 巨大的；令人吃惊的
The report has dramatic effect on the price of houses. 这篇报道对房价产生了巨大影响。
administer
vt. 1) to give or apply medicine, drugs, etc. to sb. 给予，施用（药物等）
The doctor administered some medicines to his patient. 医生给他的病人开了一些药。 vt. 2) to manage and organize the affairs of a company, an organization, etc. 管理，治理
It is complete different to run a newly-established firm than administer a large organization. 经营一家刚成立的公司和管理一个大的组织截然不同。
chlorpromazine n. [U] 氯丙嗪，冬眠灵
risperidone
n. [U] 利哌利酮，利哌酮 [抗精神失常药]
protocol
n. 1) [U] the formal etiquette and code of behavior on official and diplomatic occasions 礼仪；外交礼仪 The delegates have to be seated according to protocol. 代表们须按礼仪要求就座。 protocol for diagnosis and treatment of neonatal septicemia 新生儿败血症诊疗方案
therapeutic
a. 1) helping you to relax 有助于放松精神的
caution
vi./vt. to warn someone that something might be dangerous, difficult, etc. 提醒，警告，劝……小心 The policeman cautioned that driver. 警察对那个司机提出了警告。
The government cautioned that pay increase could lead to job losses. 政府警告说增加工资会导致失业。
efficacy
n. [U] the capacity or power of sth. to produce a desired effect 功效，效力
This plan would have some efficacy in preventing any danger. 这项计划对于防止危险会有些效力。
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a. 2) designed to help treat an illness 治疗的，治病的
n. 2) [C] a plan for carrying out medical treatment or a scientific experiment 医疗方案，科学实验室计划
Phrases and Expressions
psychiatric disorder 精神紊乱
bipolar disorder
躁狂抑郁性精神病；双相型障碍
in tune with 与……协调，与……一致
Get your violin in tune with the piano, please. 请调整你的小提琴的调子，使之与钢琴和谐。
be renowned for 因……而著名，以……著称
Suzhou is renowned to the world for its arts and crafts. 苏州以其工艺品闻名全球。
mental disorder
(psychiatry) a psychological disorder of thought or emotion; a more neutral term than mental illness 精神障碍，精神紊乱，心理失常
Anxiety is a common mental disorder. 焦虑是一种常见的精神障碍。
Proper Nouns
Tamil Nadu
泰米尔纳德邦（印度南部）
Ramanathan Raguram 拉马纳当·拉古兰姆
National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences 国家心理健康和神经病学学院
Bangalore 班加罗尔
Muthuswamy Temple 穆都斯瓦米庙
the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) 简明精神病评定量表
the University of Western Australia 西澳大学 Aro 阿罗 - 32 -
Nigeria
尼日利亚（非洲中西部国家）
Notes to Paras. 1&3
1. Temple Treatment for Psychiatric Illness 用于精神病治疗的庙宇疗法
psychiatric: a. 精神病的；精神病学的
e.g. The patient was taken to a psychiatric hospital.
2. A six-week stay at a Hindu temple in Tamil Nadu can produce the same improvement in people with severe
psychiatric disorders as a month-long course of standard drugs, say researchers in India. 印度的研究员声称，患有严重精神紊乱的人在泰米尔纳德邦的印度庙宇里呆上6周，病情得到改善的程度，相当于一个月的标准药物治疗疗程。
Note standard drugs here means traditional medicine including chlorpromazine (氯丙嗪,冬眠硫磷). disorder: n. 1) [C, U] 紊乱，失调
e.g. He?s suffering from severe mental disorder. 2) [U] 混乱，凌乱
e.g. When returning home, he discovered the room was in disorder.
3. The patients were evaluated by a trained psychiatrist. Six were diagnosed with delusional disorders, 23 with
paranoid schizophrenia and two with bipolar disorder. At the end of their stays, their scores on a test called the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale had improved by an average of nearly 20 per cent. 患者由一位训练有素的精神病专家评估。6名患者被诊断为患有妄想型精神紊乱症，23名患有妄想型精神分裂症，还有2名患有躁狂抑郁性精神病。在这些患者离开之前，他们在简明精神病评定量表测试中的分数平均改善了近20个百分点。
Notes to Paras. 4-5
4. No specific rituals or ceremonies intended to improve mental health were performed in the temple. The patients
attended a simple morning prayer for 15 minutes, and then spent the rest of the day helping out with routine temple work. 庙宇里没有为改善精神健康而举行特别的宗教仪式。患者每天上午参加15分钟的简单祷告，然后在剩余的时间里帮忙做些庙宇的日常工作。 ritual: n. [C, U] 宗教仪式；礼节，仪规
e.g. Many of the tribe?s customs and rituals are as old as the hills.
5. “What they were given is tender loving care, in a non-threatening environment, in tune with their own cultural
beliefs, with the hope of recovery,” says Raguram. “And in the history of psychiatry, these were the principles on which asylums were originally built.” 拉古兰姆说：“他们所得到的是亲切的关爱，在一个没有威胁的环境里，和他们自己的文化信仰协调，并且满怀康复的期望。在精神病治疗史上，这些原本都是建立精神病院的原则。”
in tune with: 与??协调，与??一致
e.g. Get your violin in tune with the piano, please. principle: n. [C] 观念，理由，信条
e.g. Each side declared that it would never abandon its principle. asylum: n. 1) [C] 精神病院
e.g. She became so unmanageable; she was committed to an asylum. 2) [U]（政治）庇护，避难
e.g. Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.
Notes to Paras. 6&8
6. In India, many mentally ill people of all faiths visit religious sites renowned for having curative powers. The
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Muthuswamy Temple is built over the tomb of a man who lived a century ago and who, according to legend, could cure mental illnesses with a touch of his hand. His descendants now run the temple and offer its services for free. 在印度，很多持不同信仰的精神病患者都会到以治疗能力而闻名的宗教圣地。穆都斯瓦米庙建在一个人的墓地上，他生活在一个世纪以前，传说他只需用手一点，便能手到病除。现在他的后人管理着这座庙宇，并提供无偿服务。 religious: a. 1) 教的
e.g. That?s a religious question. 2) 笃信宗教的，虔诚的
e.g. She is a very religious person who goes to church every Sunday. renowned: a. 有名的，享有声誉的
e.g. He is one of the world?s renowned writers. be renowned for: 因??而著名, 以??著称 tomb: n. [C] 墓穴
e.g. A few red roses were scattered on the tomb. legend: n. [U, C] 传说，传奇故事 e.g. This is a popular legend. descendant: n. [C] 后代，后裔
e.g. They are the descendants of Queen Victoria.
7. “The dramatic improvement in test scores matches those expected within four weeks of administering drugs
such as chlorpromazine and risperidone,” says Raguram. “We were not really prepared for it.” 拉古兰姆说：“测试分数显示他们的病情得到了极大的改善，与服用4周的药物如氯丙嗪和利哌利酮所期望的效果相同。这是我们始料未及的。”
dramatic: a. 巨大的；令人吃惊的
e.g. The report has dramatic effect on the price of houses. administer: vt. 1) 给予，施用（药物等）
e.g. The doctor administered some medicines to his patient. 2) 管理，治理
e.g. It is complete different to run a newly-established firm than administer a large organization.
e.g. Suzhou is renowned to the world for its arts and crafts.
Notes to Paras. 9-11
8. An expert on mental disorders at the University of Western Australia, Perth, points out that such findings are
not specific to India, or any particular faith. “For example, a ?treatment protocol? in many ways similar to the healing temple of Muthuswamy has been practised at the traditional therapeutic village of Aro in Nigeria.” 珀斯城西澳大学的一位精神紊乱研究专家指出，这样的发现不是印度或是任何特殊的信仰所特有的。他说：“例如，穆都斯瓦米庙的庙宇疗法和尼日利亚的一个叫阿罗的村庄的传统‘治疗仪式’非常相似。” mental disorder: 精神障碍，精神紊乱，心理失常 e.g. Anxiety is a common mental disorder. protocol: n. 1) [U] 礼仪；外交礼仪
e.g. The delegates have to be seated according to protocol. 2) [C] 医疗方案，科学实验室计划
e.g. protocol for diagnosis and treatment of neonatal septicemia
9. But he cautions that such treatments should be considered as complementary to other approaches, and not an
alternative. 但是他提醒道，这样的治疗方法应被看作是对其他治疗方法的补充，而不是替代。 caution: vi./vt. 提醒，警告，劝??小心 e.g. The policeman cautioned that driver.
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The government cautioned that pay increase could lead to job losses.
10. Raguram admits one problem with the study—there were no controls. “To prove the efficacy we need
double-blind control studies, which is very difficult to conduct in such settings,” he says. 拉古兰姆承认他的研究中存在一个问题——没有对照组。他说：“要证明治疗效果，就必须进行双盲对照研究，但在这种背景下操作是很困难的。” efficacy: n. [U] 功效，效力
e.g. This plan would have some efficacy in preventing any danger.
Read the text and answer the following questions.
1. How many people were involved in the study done by the team led by Raguram in 2000? 31 people.
2. What did the patients' scores at the end of their stays signify? That their mental health had been improved.
3. What did those patients do during their stay in the temple?
The patients attended a simple morning prayer for 15 minutes, and then spent the rest of the day helping out with routine temple work.
4. What factors contributed to the improvement of those patients?
Tender loving care, in a non-threatening environment, in tune with their own cultural beliefs, and with the hope of recovery are the factors contributing to the improvement of those patients. 5. How many of those patients had received professional care? Only one had received professional care. 6. What was the problem with the study? There were no controls.
4. Working with words
Look at the symptoms of mental problems. Put them in the right list.
depression (抑郁症) mania (躁狂症)
错误！未找到引用源。(mania)1. impulsive behavior 错误！未找到引用源。 (depression)2. feelings of sadness 错误！未找到引用源。(mania)3. short temper
错误！未找到引用源。(mania)4. decreased need for sleep 错误！未找到引用源。(mania)5. rapid, loud, disorganized speech 错误！未找到引用源。(mania)6. change in sleep pattern
错误！未找到引用源。(depression)7. loss of interest in daily activities 错误！未找到引用源。(depression)8. recurrent thoughts about death 错误！未找到引用源。(depression)9. loss of appetite
(depression)10. feelings of worthlessness, guilt, and hopelessness
错误！未找到引用源。(mania)11. boundless energy, enthusiasm, and need for activity 错误！未找到引用源。(depression)12. loss of motivation and poor concentration
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