25. take sb. to + 地方 送/带某人去某个地方 如：
A person took him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。 Lui took me home. 刘把我送回了家。(home 的前面不能用to) 26. hardly adv. 几乎不、没有 hard 困难的；猛烈地 hardly ever 很少
hardly 修饰动词时，通常放在助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前 助动词/情态动词＋hardly hardly + 实义动词 如：
I can hardly understand them. 我几乎不能够明白他们。
I hardly have time to do it. 我几乎没有时间去做了。 It rains hard outside, I could hardly go out.
27. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内 常与完成时连用 如：
I have lived in China in the last few years. 在过去的几年内我在中国住。 28. be different from 与…不同
30. make sb./ sth. + 形容词 make you happy make sb./ sth. + 动词原形 make him laugh 33. help sb. with sth. 帮某人某事 help sb. (to ) do sth. 帮某人做某事 She helped me with English. 她帮助我学英语。
She helped me (to) study English。 她帮助我学习英语。 34. fifteen-year-old 作形容词 15岁的 fifteen-year-olds 作名词指15岁的人 fifteen years old 指年龄 15岁 如： a fifteen-year-old boy 一个15岁的男孩
Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15岁的人喜欢唱歌。 I am fifteen years old . 我是15岁。
35.支付不起… can’t /couldn’t afford to do sth. can’t / couldn’t afford sth. 如：I can’t/couldn’t afford to buy the car.
I can’t/couldn’t afford the car. 我买不起这个辆小车。 36. as + 形容词./副词＋as sb. could/can 尽某人的…能力 如： Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。 37. get into trouble with 遇到麻烦 38. in the end 最后
39. make a decision 下决定 下决心 40. to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶 如：
to their surprise 令他们惊讶 to LiLei’s surprise令李雷惊讶 41. take pride in sth. 以…而自豪 如：
His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪 42. pay attention to sth. 对…注意，留心 如：
You must pay attention to your friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。 43. be able to do sth. 能做某事 如： She is able to do it. 她能够做到。 44. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 如：
My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。
复合句与简单句的转化：
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦
when ------ at the age of …
so…that…----- too… to…. / enough to … so that…------ in order to do sth. because…----- because of… if ….----- without / with… if…----- 祈使句+ and / or + 简单句 宾语从句----特殊疑问词+动词不定式
⑧ be afraid
be sure that +从句---- 动词不定式 be sorry ⑨ ⑩
It seems / seemed that sb….------ sb. seems / seemed to do sth. Sb. hopes / hoped that ….-------sb. hopes / hoped to do sth.
二、 短语
1. be more interested in 对…更感兴趣. 2. on the swim team 游泳队的队员. 3. be terrified of 害怕. 4. gym class 体操课. 5. worry about. 担心. 6. all the time 一直, 总是 7. chat with 与…闲聊 8. hardly ever 几乎从不
9. walk to school = go to school on foot take the bus to school = go to school by bus 10. as well as 不仅…而且 11. get into trouble 遇到麻烦 12. make a decision 做出决定 13. to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 14. take pride in 为…感到骄傲 15. pay attention to 留心, 注意
16. consist of 由…组成/构成. be made up of 由…组成/构成. 17. instead of 代替, 而不是 18. in the end 最后, 终于 19. play the piano 弹钢琴
Unit 3
一、知识点 1、被动语态
①英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态 主动语态表示是动作的执行者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者
Cats eat fish. （主动语态）猫吃鱼。
Fish is eaten by cats. (被动语态)鱼被猫吃。 ②被动语态的构成
由“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成
助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。
时态 一般现在 时 一般过去 时 情 态 动 词
被动语态结构 am
are +过去分词 is
was +过去分词 were + 过去分词 can/should may +be+过去分词 must/……
例句
English is spoken in many countries.
This bridge was built in 1989.
The work must be done right now.
③被动语态的用法
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（主动语态）如：
Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。
be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态）如：
LiLy is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。 allow doing sth 允许做… 3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞
让/使（别人）做某事 get sth. done(过去分词) have sth. done 如：
I get my car repaired. == I have my car repaired. 我让别人修好我的车 I want to have my hair cut. 我要理发. 4. enough 足够
形容词＋enough 如：beautiful enough 足够漂亮 enough＋名词 如：enough food 足够食物 enough to 足够…去做… 如：
I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。 She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。
5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 Please stop speaking.请停止说话。 stop to do sth. 停止下来去做某事 Please stop to speak. 请停下来说话。 6. 看起来好像…sb. seem to do sth. = It seems that +从句 He seems to feel very sad.
It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起来好像很伤心。 7.倒装句:
由so＋助动词(be/do/will/have)/情态动词＋主语 意为：…也是一样
Neither/Nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为否定) 表示与前面所述事实一致. only 处于句首,并后跟状语时,全句需要倒装. 例: .
She is a student. So am I. 她是一个学生，我也是。
She went to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了，我也是 She has finished the work. So have I . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。
She will go to school. So will he. 她将去学校，他也是。 Tom can’t swim. Neither can John.
Only then did he understand it. 只有到那时,他才明白.
Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有这样我们才能把英语学好. Only when she came home, did he learn the news. 当她到家时,他才得知了这消息 8. yet 仍然，还 常用在否定句或疑问句当中 可与although/though连用 9. clean up 打扫 整理 如：
I have cleaned up the bedroom. 我已经打扫完了卧室。 10. 程度副词：
always总是 usually经常 sometimes有时 never从不 如：I am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school. 11. .be strict with+人. be strict in+事物. 例: The head teacher is strict with his students He is strict in the work. 12. take the test 参加考试
pass the test 通过考试 fail a test 考试失败 13. the other day前几天,不久前的一天.(用于过去时) every other day = every two days 每隔一天 （每两天） 14. agree 同意 反义词 disagree不同意 动词
agreement 同意 反义词 disagreement 不同意 名词 15. keep sb/ sth. ＋形容词 使某人/某物保持…. 如：
We should keep our city clean.（cleaningⅹ）我们应该保持我们的城市干净。 Don’t keep me waiting for a long time.别让我等得太久。 16. both…and… +动词复数形式
如： Both Jim and Li Ming play bastketball. 17. learn (sth.) from sb. 向谁学习(什么) 如：
Jim learnt English from his English teacher. 吉姆向他的英语老师学习英语 18. have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事 have a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事
如：I have an opportunity to go to Beijing. I have a chance of going to Beijing. 19. at present 目前
20. at least 最少 at most 最多 21. 花费 take ,cost, spend , pay
It take (sb.) time to do sth. It took (me) 10days to read the book. sth. cost (sb.) …… The book cost (me) 100yuan. sb. spend … on sth. She spent 10days on this book. sb. spend …doing sth. She spent 10days reading this book.
sb. pay … for sth. She paid 10yuan for this book. 22. have +时间段+off 放假，休息 如：have 2 days off off 不工作,不上班,不上学,不值班.
例: I think I’ll take the afternoon off. 我想下午歇班. She is off today. 她今天休息.
I have three days off next week. 下周我有三天假.
They haven’t had a day off since last week. 从上周来,他们没休息过一天. 23. reply to 答复某人 如：She replayed to MrGreen.
24. agree with sth. 同意某事 如：I agree with that idea. agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 如：I agree to LiLei. 25. get in the way of 碍事，妨碍 如：
Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。 26. success n. succeed v. successful adj. successfully adv. 27. think about 与think of 的区别
①当两者译为： 认为、想起、记着时，两者可互用 I often think about/ of that day. 我经常想起那天。
②think about 还有“考虑”之意 ，think of 想到、想出时两者不能互用 At last, he thought of a good idea. 最后他想出了一个好主意。 We are thinking about going Qinzhou. 我们正在考虑去钦州。 28. 对… 热衷， 对…兴趣
be serious about doing 如：She is serious about dancing. 她对跳舞热衷。 be serious about sth. 如：She is serious about him. 她对他感兴趣。 29. practice doing 练习做某事 She often practice speaking English. 30. care about sb. 关心某人 如：Mother often care about her son. 31. also 也 用于句中
either也 用于否定句且用于句末 too=as well 也 用于肯定句且用于句末 I am also a student. 我也是一个学生 I am a student too. 我也是一个学生。
I am not a student either. 我也不是一个学生。
32.stupid silly foolish 三个词都有“蠢”的意思.但略有不同.stupid 程度最强,指智力 理解力 学习能力差. silly 指头脑简单,傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有感情色彩. foolish 尤其在口语中广泛使用. 例: He is stupid in learning math. 他学习数学很笨.
Stop asking such silly questions. 别再问这样傻的问题了. You are foolish to throw away such a good chance.
你真蠢,丢掉这样一个好机会. 33.clean (v.) 打扫,清理
clean up 比较彻底地打扫,清理 clean out 打扫,清理地最彻底. 34.concentrate on… 全神贯注做…
例: He decided to concentrate on physics because he failed the exam. This company concentrates on China market. 这家公司把重点放在中国市场上.
35.more…than…
①与其说…不如说…; 比…更…
例: The man is more stupid than nervous. 与其说那人紧张,倒不如说他愚蠢.
②在这一结构中,more做adj. 修饰名词,表示“比…” 例:I have more books than you. 我的书比你的多.
36.volunteer ① n. 自愿者. ② v. volunteer to do sth. 自愿做… 例: We all volunteered to help in the old people’s home. 我们都志愿到敬老院帮忙. 37. care about 关心,在乎,在意.
例: No one cares about others nowadays. 现在没人关心别人. I don’t care about what he does. 我并不在意他干什么. 二、短语
1. be allowed to do sth 被允许干… allow sb to do sth 允许某人干… allow doing sth 允许干…
2. sixteen-year-olds = sixteen-year-old boys and girls 16岁的孩子 3. part-time jobs 兼职工作 4. a driver’s license 驾照
5. on weekends 在周末 6. at that age 在那个年龄段
7. on school nights 在上学期间的每个晚上 8. stay up 熬夜
9. clean up (相当与及物动词) 清扫 10. fail (in) a test 考试不及格
11. take the test 参加考试 12. the other day 前几天
13. all my classmates 我所有的同学 14. concentrate on 全神贯注于
15. be good for 对…有益 16. in groups 成群的,按组的
17. get noisy 吵闹(系表结构) 18. learn from 向某人学习 19. at present 目前,现在
20. have an opportunity to do sth 有做…的机会 21.English-English dictionary 英英词典 22. at least 至少
23.eight hours’ sleep a night 每晚8小时的睡眠 24. an old people’s home 敬老院 25. take time to do sth 花费时间干… 26. primary schools 小学 27. have…off 放假,休息
28. reply to 回答,答复 29. get in the way of 妨碍
30. a professional athlete 职业运动员 31. achieve one’s dreams 实现梦想 32. think about 思考,考虑 33. in the end 最后,终于
34. be serious about 对…热忠/极感兴趣
35. spend…on + n. spend …(in) + v-ing 在…上花费时间/金钱 36. care about 关心,担心,在乎 37. agree with 同意…
Unit 4