辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计 第 I 页
φ650粗轧机设计
摘 要
线材的用途很广，在国民经济各个部门中，线材占有重要地位。近年来，对线材性能及表面质量的要求越来越高。尤其是对线材的化学成分、机械性能、晶粒组织及晶粒粒度都要做检验，符合标准方可出厂。所以，对线材的苛刻要求决定了新轧机及相关新技术的飞速发展。线材轧机属于小型轧钢机械范畴。线材轧机与其它轧钢机一样，其主机列也包括执行机构、传动装置、和原动机三个基本组成部分。本次设计在收集整理了国内外先进的线材轧制设备和技术的基础上，对设计方案进行了优化选择。首先，根据压下规程和轧制速度计算轧制力和轧制力矩，对电机进行选择、校核。然后对于主要零部件进行了受力和强度分析、校核；对于主传动装置中的减速器进行了设计，同时对润滑式进行了选择。
关键词：线材轧机；轧制力；轧制力矩；强度；主传动
辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计 第 II 页
The Design ofφ650 Bar and Wire Rod Mill
Abstract
As the use of wire rod is very broad, in every department of national economy, wire rod possess important position. In recent years, for the requirement of the surface quality and performance of wire rod, it is more and more higher.So many parameters to be inspected, especially for the chemical composition ,mechanical performance, crystal microscopic organizes and crystal microscopic size of wire rod, accord with standard side can be sold out. So new rolling mill and related new technology should be developed fast for the harsh requirement of wire rod. The rod mill belongs to the small steel rolling category. The rod mill is same with other mills, its main engine row also includes the implementing agency, the transmission device, and the driving force three basic building blocks. This design in the collection reorganized the domestic and foreign advanced rod rolling equipment and in the technical foundation, carries on the choice and the appraisal to the design proposal. First, according to assigns depresses the regulations and the rolling speed computation roll force and the roll torque, and has carried on the choice and the examination to the electrical machinery. Then, has carried on the stress analysis and the essential examination regarding the main spare part. Regarding main drive's in reduction gear, the shaft coupling, the rotary coupling spindle have carried on the design, simultaneously has carried on the choice to the lubrication way. Finally, carries on the analysis appraisal to this rolling mill's economic efficiency.
Key words: wire rod rolling mill; roll force ; roll torque; intensity; main drive
辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计 第 III 页
目录
1 绪论 ................................................................................................................... 1
1.1轧钢生产发展背景 .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 中小型型钢发展趋 .......................................................................................................... 2 1.4轧辊调整在轧钢过程中的重要性 .................................................................................. 4 1.5 课题研究的内容及方法 .................................................................................................. 4
2方案设计评述 .................................................................................................... 6
2.1轧机布置形式的选择 ...................................................................................................... 6 2.2轧机零件的选择 .............................................................................................................. 6 2.2.1机架的结构选择： .................................................................................................... 6
3轧制压力和轧制力矩的计算 ............................................................................ 8
3.1孔型的选择 ...................................................................................................................... 8 3.1.1箱－圆－椭圆－圆孔型系统的特点 ........................................................................ 8 3.1.2轧制参数的确定 ........................................................................................................ 9 3.2轧制力的计算 .................................................................................................................. 9 3.2.1第一轧制道次平均单位压力计算 ............................................................................ 9 3.2.2轧制总压力的计算 .................................................................................................. 11 3.2.3轧制力矩的计算 ...................................................................................................... 13
4轧机主电机力矩与电动机功率 ...................................................................... 14
4.1轧机主电动机力矩 ........................................................................................................ 14 4.2轧辊驱动力矩 ................................................................................................................ 14 4.3初选电机容量 ................................................................................................................ 16 4.4附加摩擦力矩 ................................................................................................................ 17 4.5电机校核 ........................................................................................................................ 18
5轧辊与轧辊轴承 .............................................................................................. 20
5.1轧辊的选择与强度的校核 ............................................................................................ 20 5.1.2轧辊的强度校核 ...................................................................................................... 20 5.2轧辊轴承 ........................................................................................................................ 24 5.2.1轴承的选择 .............................................................................................................. 24 5.2.2轧辊轴承的计算 ...................................................................................................... 24
6机架强度的计算 .............................................................................................. 26
辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计 第 IV 页
6.1机架的结构设计 ............................................................................................................ 26 6.2机架的强度计算及校核 ................................................................................................ 26
7减速器的设计 .................................................................................................. 30
7.1计算各轴的动力参数 .................................................................................................... 30 7.2齿轮的设计 .................................................................................................................... 31
8系统的润滑 ...................................................................................................... 37
8.1润滑需要注意的事项 .................................................................................................... 37 8.2常用的润滑剂的特点 .................................................................................................... 37 8.3润滑方式的选择 ............................................................................................................ 37
结束语 ................................................................................................................. 38 致 谢 ............................................................................................................... 39 参考文献 ............................................................................................................. 40
辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计 第 1 页
1 绪论
1.1轧钢生产发展背景
在20世纪末，世界轧钢技术发展迅速。轧钢生产在自动化、高精度化、连续化方面取得了较大进步。轧钢生产是将钢锭或钢坯轧制成钢材的重要生产环节和主要方法。因为用轧制方法生产出的钢材，具有生产率高、生产过程连续性强、品种多、易于实现机械化、自动化等优点，而且比锻造、挤压、拉拔等生产产品，性能更高，成本更低。目前，约有93%的钢都是经过轧制成材的。有色金属生产也大量应用轧制方法。
轧钢生产的主要产品为建筑、造船、汽车、石油、化工、国防、矿山等专用钢材。目前，我国轧钢生产的钢材品种主要有薄钢板、硅钢片、钢带、无缝钢管、焊接钢管、铁道用钢、普通大型材、普通中型材、普通小型材、优质型材、冷弯型钢、线材、特厚钢板、中厚钢板等。轧钢生产的产品按钢材断面形状分为：钢板、钢管和型钢。型钢是一种应用范围广泛的钢材。我国型钢产量占钢材总产量的25%～30%。型钢按用途分为：普通型钢和专用型钢。从断面形状又可分为异型断面型钢和简单断面型钢。从生产方式的角度又可分为焊接型钢、弯曲型钢和轧制型钢。
板带材也是一种广泛应用的钢材，我国的板带材产量占钢材总产量的45%～55%。板带钢按应用领域分为建筑板、桥板、船板、汽车板、电工钢板、机械用板等。按照轧制温度的不同又可以分为热轧板带和冷轧板带。钢板按厚度分为：中厚板、薄板和箔材。
钢管的用途主要有建筑用管和石油管道等。我国钢管产量占钢材总产量的10%～15%，钢管的规格一般用外形尺寸及壁厚标称。其断面一般为圆形管，也有多种异型钢管和变断面钢管。钢管从制造角度划分为无缝钢管、螺旋钢管与直缝钢管、冷轧钢管等。按断面形状划分为圆形管、异型钢管和变断面钢管。这些品种齐全、样式繁多的钢管被应用在管道、石油运输，锅炉侧壁、地质钻探、轴承及注射针管等方面。
随着轧钢工艺及轧钢技术的不断发展，钢材的生产范围将不断扩大，产品品种也将不断增多。近年来我国许多有价值的钢板产量大幅度增长，冷轧硅钢片2003年已达89.6万吨，镀锡板2002年已经达到110万吨，管线钢、石油管、耐火钢板、冷轧不锈钢板产量达55万吨。