本科毕业设计说明书
题 目：200MW调整抽汽式汽轮机热力设计 学生姓名： 学 院： 系 别： 专 业： 班 级： 指导教师：
二 〇 一〇年 四 月 六 日
合肥工业大学本科毕业设计说明书
摘 要
汽轮机是以蒸汽为工质的旋转式热能动力机械，与其他原动机相比，它具有单机功率大、效率较高、运转平稳和使用寿命长等优点。级是汽轮机的基本作功单元，由喷嘴和动叶组成。
本次毕业设计针对调整抽汽式汽轮机进行热力设计。首先根据已知条件进行回热系统的热平衡计算，确定汽轮机近似热力过程曲线；确定压力级的级数和排汽口数，进行各级比焓降分配，并修正各回热抽汽点压力；然后对各级进行详细的热力计算，求出各级通流部分的几何尺寸、相对内效率和内功率，确定汽轮机实际的热力过程曲线；计算轴封漏汽量和阀杆漏汽并对整机效率进行了校核；对调整抽汽式与纯凝汽式机组的热经济性进行对比分析；最后绘制了汽轮机的纵剖面图。
通过本次毕业设计，综合运用了大学期间所学的专业知识，对汽轮机有了更加系统而全面的认识。
关键词：汽轮机；热力计算；热经济性
合肥工业大学本科毕业设计说明书
Abstract
Steam for the media to Turbine is the rotating thermal power plant . Compared with other original motive, it has a single power, more efficient, smooth operation and long life and other advantages. Turbine-class is the basic unit for power from the nozzle of the composition and dynamic.
The graduation design is designed for thermals of extraction Steam Turbine adjustment. First, according to the known conditions of the thermal system, do heat balance calculation. determine approximate turbine heat curve; determine the level pressure and exhaust-mouth series of, at all levels than enthalpy drop distribution, and amendments to the extraction point of pressure and then Details of the heat levels, flow levels obtained part of the geometry, and the relative efficiency of the power to determine the actual turbine heat curve; calculated seal steam leakage of steam leakage and the stem and Efficiency To check the last adjustment of pure condensate extraction of steam and heat-generating units to conduct a comparative analysis of the economy. Finally draw the profile of the turbine plans.
Through this graduate design, I have more systems and comprehensive understanding of steam turbine, comprehensively using of the University during the school's expertise.
Keywords: Turbine; Thermodynamic calculation; heat economy
合肥工业大学本科毕业设计说明书
目 录
第一章 绪 论 ...................................................................................................................... 1
1.1汽轮机概述 ............................................................................................................. 1
1.1.1汽轮机的分类 ............................................................................................... 1 1.1.2汽轮机的发展史及现状 ............................................................................... 2 1.2汽轮机热力设计的发展 ......................................................................................... 3 1.3热力设计的内容和主要目的 ................................................................................. 3 第二章 回热系统设计 ........................................................................................................ 5
2.1回热系统的选择 ..................................................................................................... 5 2.2原则性热力系统的计算 ......................................................................................... 6
2.2.1近似热力过程曲线的拟定 ........................................................................... 6 2.2.2汽轮机总进汽量的初步估算 ....................................................................... 8 2.2.2回热系统的热平衡的初步计算 ................................................................... 9
第三章 通流部分的设计 .................................................................................................. 14
3.1排汽面积的计算 ................................................................................................... 14 3.2配汽方式和调节级的选型 ................................................................................... 14 3.3压力级比焓降的分配及级数的确定 ................................................................... 15
3.3.1各级平均直径的确定 ................................................................................. 15 3.3.2级数的确定及比焓降的分配 ..................................................................... 17 3.3.3回热系统的修正 ......................................................................................... 19 3.4级的热力计算 ....................................................................................................... 19
3.4.1出口面积及叶片高度的计算 ..................................................................... 20 3.4.2反动度与损失系数的选择 ......................................................................... 22 3.4.3级效率与内功率的计算 ............................................................................. 23 3.5汽轮机漏汽量的计算 ........................................................................................... 34
3.5.1阀杆漏汽的计算 ......................................................................................... 34 3.5.2 轴封漏汽量计算 ........................................................................................ 35 3.6整机校核 ............................................................................................................... 37 3.7调整抽汽式热效率的计算 ................................................................................... 37 第四章 结 论 .................................................................................................................... 39
合肥工业大学本科毕业设计说明书
注 释 ................................................................................................................................ 40 参考文献 ............................................................................................................................ 41 谢 辞 ................................................................................................................................ 43