步状语从句可以放在主句前或主句后。例如:
1) Although they did heavy work that day, they were all in high spirits.
2) She carries on the job even if she has had a bad cold for several days.
(2)英语不允许在though 或although从句后用but。如果要强调前后两个部分的对比意义,可以在主句前加上yet或still。例如:Although she has a lot of money, yet (still) she is not happy.
2.no matter how (what, when, which, who, where)
这几个短语意为“不管怎样(什么,什么时候,哪一个,谁,什么地方)”,例如:
1) Do not believe the rumor, no matter who repeats it.
2) He keeps taking physical training in the winter no matter how cold it is.
3.whatever, whenever, wherever, whoever, whichever however
这几个词也可以引导让步状语从句,相当于no matter what (when, where , who, which, how)。例如:
1) Whatever work we do, we should do our best.
2) However hard a solid may be, we can change its shape.
NT:however引导让步状语从句时,与它所修饰的词一起放在句首。
4.让步状语从句的倒装
though 引导的让步状语从句可以倒装,也可以不倒装。用 as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装。如果名词放提前放在句首,该名词前不可加定冠词或不定冠词。
常用的句型为形容词(副词,动词,名词,过去分词)+though (as, that)+主语+谓语。例如:
1) Bravely though we fought, we had no chance of winning.
2) Smart as he was, he was not able to solve the problem.
3) Child as he was, he had a good command of English.
六、方式状语从句
1.as 和just as
二者都表示“如?,犹如?,正如?”。just as 比as强调的语气更强。例如:
1) In the early days, people could not live a happy life as we do now.
2) Most plants need sunlight just as they need water.
2.as if 和as though
as if 或as though从句可以用陈述语气,表示可能符合事实的情况;也可以用虚拟语气,表示不符合事实或与事实相反的情况,意为“好像,仿佛”。例如:
1) Some rocks sparkle with an unusual brilliancy as if they contained gold.
2) It looks as though it is going to rain.
七、比较状语从句
1.as? as这种结构可以用于同等程度的比较,否定句用not so (as) ?as。例如:
1) A pound of cotton weighs as mush as a pound of iron.
2) Sound does not travel so fast in gases as in liquids.
2.as 和than连接的比较状语从句常常省去同主句相同的部分,只留下相比的部分。例如:
1) Bill is as tall as Bob (is). 2) Steel is more useful than iron (is).
3.The? the?后面分别跟形容词或副词的比较级,意思为“越?越?”。例如:
1) The faster, the better. 2) The higher the airplane flies, the thinner the air is.
八、目的状语从句
1.so that 和in order that
(1) 二者都表示“为了,以便”。so that 较常用,一般放在主句之后。in order that 用于正式文体,引导从句可中谓语多用may/can/will+动词原形。例如:
1) She takes notes carefully (so) that she may use them when she reviews her lessons after class.
2) He plays basketball every day in order that he can be like Michael Jordan.
3) We arrived early so that we could get good seats.
4) He wrote his dairy in code so that his wife wouldn’t be able to read it.