汉译英
一、 主语问题之寻找主语
1. 希望今后上海能够与更多的外国城市结为友好城市。 2. 众所周知，中国在1980年成功地发射了第一颗洲际导弹。
a. 在上海发生过许多重大的历史事件。
b. 这个活动首先在北京兴起。
c. 中世纪时期，商贸活动迅猛发展。
3. 我知道他翻译这种诗太难了。
4. 语言这个东西，不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功夫不可。 二、主语问题之主语必须符合逻辑关系和语义焦点
1. 他的英语讲得很好。
2. 他这首诗译得十分传神。 3. 我们的事业从胜利走向胜利。
1. 各国人民的正义斗争都是相互扶持的。 2. 总之，是两点而不是一点。 3. 真正了解，才能相信。
4. 我们各方面的工作都获得了伟大的胜利。
5. 这件事感动了上帝，他就派了两个神仙下凡，把两座山背走了。
英译汉之增译法
一、增加连接词
1. A bit of knowledge kept me from making a big mistake when an important question was to be decided.
2. The strongest man cannot alter the law of nature.
二、补充省略成分
1. Matter can be changed into energy，and energy into matter．
2. This victory in polemics means the victory of civilization over ignorance, of science over superstition and of truth over falsehood. 三、增加时间状语
1. We can learn what we did not know.
2. The historic sites, which had the important politic, economic and religious things going on, are almost all gone. 四、增加解释性说明
1. In April, there was the “ping” heard around the world. In July, the ping “ponged”. 2.钱先生周岁时“抓周”，抓了一本书，因而得名“钟书”。
英译汉之抽象-具体译法
1. No larger alterations to the economy are made, because our economy, but for the
occasional bump in the road, is fundamentally sound. （09/3）
2. Thanks to a jump in productivity growth after 1995, America's economy has outpaced other rich countries' for a decade. （07/9）
3. The inevitable collapse of America’s speculative boom need not have been especially damaging if the world’s other advanced economies were healthy.
4． Deflation could emerge from simultaneous slumps in the world’s three major economies. （03/3）
5. Tension between Israel and Palestine can be eased through diplomatic negotiations. 6. The government is immune to taking bribery. 中口翻译的重要原则
一、英译汉时不要掉入理解的陷阱
l Who owns the middle seat arm rests on an airplane, really? How do you break away from the marathon talker in seat 12E? And what do you do, if anything, about the angelic-looking child kicking the back of your seat? Incivility and rudeness are often the product of stress, and there are few situations more primed for stress these days than travel – especially air travel.
比较结构小结
l In a society that eschews prejudice, favouring the beautiful seems about as shallow as you can get. （08年3月）
l The problem with the burgeoning traffic in antiquities, however, is not so much the price but something far more significant: the provenance, i.e. where are these precious artifacts coming from? （07年3月）
l It assumes, for example, that boats, planes, automobiles, and so forth, are not nearly so important as the traditions we have developed which make their manufacture possible—indeed, which prescribe how we are to use them. （06年9月）
l Yet as we look back at our presidents, we see them less as partisan politicians than as national leaders, who in different ways have helped develop the strengths and virtues of our nation. （05年3月）
l If there’s a threat of dangerous deflation-a general fall in prices-the causes lie as much in Europe and Japan as in the United States.（03年3月）
二、英译中过程中的词义判断
l Recent research suggests people actually can take charge of their own happiness and boost it through certain practices. “The billion-dollar question is, is it possible to become happier?”
三、用词的多样性
l 在开局的10年中，中国经济在前9年连续9年保持着9%以上的增长。最后一年，虽受国际金融风暴影响，但依然能保持8%的高增长。（10年3月）
l 有两个大款附庸风雅，参加一个冷餐会，与会者自然不乏真正的名流学者。席间，一个学者与其中的大款甲闲聊，话题不知怎么扯到莎士比亚身上。学者问大款甲：“先生是否对莎士比亚最感兴趣？”大款甲顿了顿，随即正色说：“相比之下，还是威士忌合我口味。”这时，大家都暗自窃笑。大款乙也看出了苗头，悻悻然走开。在回来的小车上，大款乙教训大款甲说：“你真一点都不懂，莎士比亚是饮料，你怎么把它当洋酒了！”
四、合并句子
l 据消息灵通人士透露，今年春节前，家乐福才与新大新发生“第一次亲密接触”，其中广州市政府无疑起了“红娘”的作用。（08年9月）
l 今天的中国人口多，底子薄，发展不平衡，仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家。（07年9月）
l 上海世博会每日入园参观人数预计高达几十万人，怎样让这些游客便捷舒适地从一个片区到另一个片区进行参观，这考验着世博会组织者的智慧。坐上这样的游览船，旅客可以在波光粼粼的黄浦江上，欣赏充满异国情调的万国建筑群，浏览陆家嘴金融区内地标性现代建筑，还可从水上一睹五彩斑斓的世博园景。
l 进入耶鲁大学的校园，看到莘莘学子青春洋溢的脸庞，呼吸着书香浓郁的空气，我不由回想起４０年前在北京清华大学度过的美好时光。（06年9月）
l 未来的城市生活是全球关注的话题，与每一个国家及其人民息息相关。（07年3月）
l 中国的崛起，是和平的崛起，是依靠自己力量来发展自己。（04年3月）
l 第一次以“城市”作为主题的 2010 世界博览会将吸引全球约 200 个国家和国际组织参与盛会，国内外参访人数预计达 7000 万。 （07年3月）
l 本公司成立于1988年。经过不断发展，目前公司下属全资专业从事工程施工的单位有 4家，公司参股的企业有3家。（04年9月） 五、平行结构
l 坚持走和平发展道路，是中国实现国家富强、人民幸福的必由之路。（07年9月）
l 上海是一座朝气蓬勃、充满活力、多姿多彩的国际大都市，改革开放以来，上海变化之大令世人瞩目。
环保话题翻译练习及参考译文（上）(2010-06-05 00:50:57)转载标签：杂谈 分类：中口翻译
环保话题翻译练习及讲解（上）
今天是世界环境日，我这里节选了报纸中涉及环保话题的一些段落，希望大家可以先提笔自己翻译一下，然后参看参考译文和后面的词汇链接，通过这一练习落实关于环保话题的一些句型表达。
翻译原文：
1. The waste collecting companies will bid in due time and apply the unified tool and charging platform. Beijing municipal government will give subsidies to its operation and encourage people to do garbage sorting.
2. Apart from accelerating public transport efficiency, switching to zero-emission vehicles should be the ultimate goal for all drivers in Beijing.
3. “This project would create strict legislation to guarantee 100-percent smoke-free public venues and workplaces and figure out a feasible and forceful working mechanism to enforce the smoking ban,” said Wang Yu, director of China CDC at the project launch Friday. “Only with the support of the pilot cities’ municipal governments and legislatures can the people there finally enjoy smoke-free environments,” he noted
4. The National Development and Reform Commission has confirmed the government will take concrete actions to develop a low-carbon economy after it pledged to substantially reduce carbon intensity at last year's Copenhagen Conference.
5. Vancouver, the Canadian host city of the 2010 Winter Olympic Games, remains the most livable city in the world, as it did in 2008.
6. Fewer than 7 percent of Beijing's golf courses use reclaimed water for irrigation, despite municipal guidelines that strongly suggest they should do so.
7. According to Dong Jinshi, vice-president of the Hong Kong-based International Food Packaging Association (IFPA), about half of the disposable dishware used in the country is unsafe, with excessive amounts of chemicals that can cause cancer.
8. The General Assembly designated the first World Water Day in 1993, and on March 22 every year since, the focus has been on a different aspect of freshwater sustainability, including sanitation and water scarcity.