2017数学竞赛命题研讨会材料汇总 - 图文(3)

2020-03-26 20:39

(4)当集合为{t,t?1}时,设bi?i(i?1,2,,t)中,值为t?1的个数为

x?{1,2,,t?1},值为t的个数为t?x,则t?2,且

?t2?t?2t2?t?2?t(t?1)t(t?1), n?x(t?1)?(t?x)t???x??,?2222???1?8n?1?)1m2?(m)12m????(m?(m?1)mm?,令t?m,则n??,,,x?n????2222????且

S??(bk?k)??k2?x(t?1)2?(t?x)t2?2k?1k?1ttt(t?1)(2t?1)6t(t?1)(2t?1)?t3?(2t?1)x?6 (m?1)m?m(m?1)(2m?1)??m3?(2m?1)?n???26??(m?1)m(m?1)?(2m?1)n?.3(m?1)m(m?1),

3综上,S?2?ibi??bi的最小值是(2m?1)n?2i?1i?1tt?1?8n?1?m?其中??.

2??

代数5(复旦附中李朝晖、施柯杰、肖恩利)

求最大的实数M,使得不等式(x2?y2)3?M(x3?y3)(xy?x?y)对一切满足

x?y?0的实数x,y均成立.

解:所求M的最大值为32.

首先,取x?y?4,可得M?32.下证:(x2?y2)3?32(x3?y3)(xy?x?y) 对一切满足x?y?0的实数x,y均成立.

记s?x2?y2,t?x?y. 已知2s?t,t?0.要证的不等式转化为:

2s3?8t(3s?t2)(t2?2t?s)

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设s?rt,上述不等式等价于:r3?8(3r?t)(t?2?r),其中2r?t?0,由

r3?8(3r?t)(t?2?r)?8(t?2r?1)2?r3?8r2?16r?8 ?r3?8r2?16r?r(r?4)2?0,

所以r3?8(3r?t)(t?2?r),其中2r?t?0成立.

代数6(华东师大二附中唐立华)

A:设正数a,b,c满足:a2?b2?c2?3,求证:

abc???2. 4?a24?b24?c2证明: 先证如下引理

引理设正数a,b,c满足:a2?b2?c2?3,则

(a?b?c)2?9(111??)?18. (*) 2224?a4?b4?c引理证明: ?9?(a?b?c)2?(a?b)2?(b?c)2?(c?a)2,

9(111??)?9 2224?a4?b4?c111??)?9 4?a24?b24?c2?[(4?a2)?(4?b2)?(4?c2)](2?4?b24?a????2?4?a24?b???, ?????(a?b)2?(b?c)2?(c?a)2. ??cab. ??2224?a4?b4?c222?4?b24?a故(*)????2?4?a24?b?

记I1?bca,I2???2224?a4?b4?c要证原不等式,只要证明:

?4?b24?a2??2?4?a24?b????(a?b)2 ??2(a2?b2)22222 ??(a?b)?(4?a)(4?b)?(a?b)22(4?a)(4?b)8

而(4?a2)(4?b2)?(1?b2?c2)(a2?1?c2)?(a?b?c2)?(a?b)2, 上式成立,故引理得证.

(a?b?c)21,y??下证原题:记x?,则由引理有:x?y?2. 94?a2由柯西不等式,有

?abc???22?4?a24?b4?c?2?111????(a?b?c)2????222? ?4?a4?b4?c???499?2x?y?y?32?9xy2?(2x)?y?y?????,

22?33?所以 故原不等式得证.

abc324????2, 22234?a4?b4?c3a2?b2?c2?3,注记:利用已证问题(见2015命题研讨会题目):设正数a,b,c满足:有

b?c4?a2?c?a4?b2?a?b4?c2?23.

我们有如下:

B:设正数a,b,c满足:a2?b2?c2?3,求证:

(a?b?c)(14?a2?14?b2?14?c2)?2(1?3).

代数7(湖南师大附中张湘君)

设xi?R?,i?1,2,,n,试确定最小实数c,使得

c?xi?1nab?ni?(?xi)?(?xia)b.

i?1i?1nn分析:

由齐次,且xi?R?,i?1,2,,n,不妨设

?xi?1ni?1.

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原不等式?c?(?xi)?(?x)i?1i?1nnabi?xi?1n?c?(?x)nabiab?ni?xi?1ni?1n,则只需求S?(?xia)bnab?ni?xi?1i?1n的最

ab?ni大值.

由幂平均不等式,(i?1?xnnabi)1ab?(i?1)?nnax?i1ab?1?xi?1nabi?(?xia)b,则

i?1nnS?b?1?xi?1nabi?xi?1n.

ab?ni由Chebyshev不等式,

n?xi?1nab?ni?(?x)(?x)?nx1x2niabii?1i?1nnxn?x??xabii?1i?1nnab?ni??xiab.

i?1n于是S?nb?1,当x1?x2??xn?1时取等号,所以Smax?nb?1?cmin?nb?1.

代数8(湖南师大附中张湘君)

给定m?3且m?N,设a1,a2,,am?0,n?m且n?N,求证:

?(i?1maim)n?n,其中am?1?a1.

ai?ai?121nm,m,则?bi?1,原不等式??()?n.

2i?11?bii?1m1n1m()()??m1?b1?bi?1ii?i?1,于是只需证明:mmma分析:令bi?i?1,i?1,2,aimm由幂平均不等式知

n1mm()?m. ?1?b2i?1i考虑到bi?0,i?1,2,m,m,可设bi?eci,i?1,2,,m,则

?c?0.

ii?1m10

1m记f(t)?(),则

1?etmm1mm1mmm()??()??f(c)?. ???icimmm1?b21?e22i?1i?1i?1im1mtt?m?2t求f(t)?(的二阶导数得下面分两种情f''(t)?me(1?e)(me?1),)t1?e况讨论:

m1m1m1)?(), (i) 当bi(i?1,2,,m)中至少有一个小于时,?(1mi?11?bi1?m11mm1)?m?(1?)?mm?2. 于是只需证明(12m1?m设g(x)?x,x?3,则g'(x)?x?1x1x1?(1?lnx)?0,所以g(x)在x?3时单调2x1111递减,所以(1?)?mm?(1?)?33?2.

m3(ii) 当bi(i?1,2,m1,m)都大于等于时,f''(t)?0,则f(t)是下凸函数,

m由琴生不等式得?f(ci)?m?f(i?1?ci?1mim)?m?f(0)?m. 2m1mm)?m,证毕. 综上所述,?(2i?11?bi

代数9(湖南师大附中汤礼达)

设a1,a2,...,an?R?,求证:?i?1nmain?1?1.n?12ai?(n?1)?aji?j证明:首先我们证明局部不等式:

(a?an2?12n1?an2?12n2?...?an2?1AM?GM2n2n)?(an2?12n1?(n?1)an?1n2n?12n2n?1nn

???an?12n2n)n2?1n1?2(n?1)an2?1n?12n2n12

a???an?12nn?(n?1)2an???an2???a?an2?1n1?(n2?1)n2?12(n?1)n?1n2?12n122aa?1?an2?1n1?(n2?1)aa???an

n?1n12所以有

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