It would be a pity for you to miss the show.
Without/ But for your help, I would not have succeeded. 4. 省略if 构成倒装的条件句
非真实条件句中，若谓语含有were, had, should时，可以省略if，把were, had, should提到主语前，构成倒装句。
e.g. Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams. Should it rain tomorrow, our picnic would be cancelled. Were I you, I would get up early every morning. 5. wish 后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
无论wish 为何种时态，后面从句须用虚拟。 与过去事实相反 与现在事实相反 将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望 宾语从句 had +V-ed2 were/V-ed1 would/could/might+V e.g. We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation.
I wish I had a car.
I wish he would try again.
6. if only后用虚拟语气，表示强烈不满、遗憾等口气，常译为“要是…就好了”。谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望；用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望。
句型：if only + V-ed1/were had V-ed2
e.g. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I had followed your advice. If only he were here!
7. would rather/would sooner/would as soon（宁愿） 后的从句中用虚拟语气。谓语动词用一般过去时，表示现在或将来的愿望；用过去完成时表示过去的愿望。 句型：would rather/would sooner/would as soon + V-ed1 had+V-ed2 e.g. She would rather we hadn’t done that.
To be frank, I’d rather you were not involved in the case.
I would sooner that you started the work at once. 8. 在It is /was (high, about)time that…结构中，that从句中谓语动词用过去时表示虚拟语气，意思是“是…的时候了”。 句型：It is/ was (high, about) time that V-ed1
e.g. It is time that you started working.
It?s already 5 o?clock now. Don?t you think it?s about time we went home. 9. as if/as though 引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中，有时用虚拟语气。从句动
16
作发生在主句动作之前，表示与事实相反，谓语动词用had+V-ed2;从句动作与主句动作同时发生，表示与事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。但如果主句动词是感官动词，并且所述情况实现可能性大，也可用陈述语气。 句型：as if/as though + S + V-ed1
S + had V-ed2
look/ seem/smell, etc + as if/as though + S +V e.g. He talks as if he knew all about it.
He talked as if he had done all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I did most of it.
She acted as though nothing had happened.
It looks as if it is going to rain. 10. 在for fear that, in case(万一), lest（以免） 引导的目的状语从句中，或whether…or…引导的从句中，用虚拟。
句型：for fear that/ in case/ lest + S + (should)+ V whether +S+ V+ or +V
e.g. The sports meeting will be put off in case it rain/should rain.
Whether it rain or shine, we will start as planned tomorrow. He ran away for fear that/ lest he be caught. 11在一些表示建议、意见、要求、请求、命令、劝告、需要等动词后的宾语从句中，用动词原形或should+V 表示虚拟语气。这类动词有：suggest, advise, propose, recommend, move, vote, prefer, ask, beg, demand, request, require, desire, insist, maintain, order, command, appoint, arrange, decide, urge, resolve, allow, indicate, grant, determine等。 句型：V+ that S+ (should) + V
e.g. We desire that the tour leader inform us immediately of any change in plans.
Someone suggests that we hold a speech contest. The teacher required that every student be on time. 12. 由以上动词构成的It is +V-ed2( suggested, proposed, ordered, desired, recommended, demanded, requested, required,etc)+that…结构中，that 从句用动词原形或should+V表示虚拟。 句型：It is +V-ed2+ that S+ (should) V
e.g. It was proposed that this matter be considered at the meeting. It is demanded that all the staff members attend the meeting.
13．形容词构成的It is + adj.+that…结构中，that从句的谓语用动词原形或should+V表示虚拟语气。这些形容词有：necessary, essential, important, vital, imperative, crucial, desirable, appropriate, advisable, natural, preferable, best, better, surprising, strange, urgent, anxious, eager, impossible, insistent, improper, proper等。
17
句型：It is + adj. +that S + (should) +V
e.g. It is important that enough money be collected to find the project. It is necessary that the work be done at once. It is natural that he think so.
14. advice, demand, order, necessity, decision, proposal, suggestion, recommendation, requirement, desire, motion, agreement等名词有关的主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+V或用V. 句型：n.+ that(同位语从句)… (should) + V
n + is + that(表语从句)…(should) + V
e.g. We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off. Your advice that she wait till next week is reasonable. His suggestion was that everyone have a dictionary.
四、一致关系
（一）主谓一致 1. 语法一致
1.1当主语是单数，而后面跟有with, along with, together with, accompanied by, as much as, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, like, unlike, but, except, besides, in addition to, including, instead of等短语时，谓语动词仍用单数。
e.g. Xiao Wang, as well as two of her roommates, was invited to the party I, rather than you, am responsible for all this.
Tom together with his family has been to London.
1.2 若主语为a kind/sort/type/form of, an amount of, a portion of, a series of, a species of, a set of , a wide range of 等＋名词时，谓语动词一律用单数形式。 e.g. A series of problems has arisen in this city as a result of the development in
industry.
A good set of tires is supposed to last at least 20 thousands miles.
1.3 若主语为either/ neither of +复数名词或代词时，谓语动词用单数。 e.g. Either of the boys is good enough.
Neither of them was present at the meeting.
1.4 在“one of +复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；但在“the only one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句”结构中，谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g. Mr. Smith is one of those people who have lost their families in the War. She is the only one of us who is to be assigned to a university.
18
1.5由and 或both…and… 连接的两个或两个以上的人或物作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但如果and连接的两个主语指的是同一个人或物，或指的是同一概念时谓语动词用单数,此结构的特征是and后的名词前无冠词。 e.g. Bread and butter is on sale.
The bread and the butter are on sale.
My best student and friend has been sent to America. The writer and editor is going to the meeting in person.
2. 概念一致
2.1 集合名词作主语时，若其含义为一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若其含义为构成该整体的各个成员，则谓语动词用复数。常用的集体名词有：army, audience, club, committee, crew, family, group, jury, majority, staff, team, class, crowd, public, party, company, band, board, crew, firm, troop 等。 e.g. The committee have been arguing among themselves for hours. The committee was set up in 1990. His family isn’t very large.
His family are all music lovers.
2.2 当表示时间、距离、重量、度量、面积、价值等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
e.g. Five thousand dollars is a large sum. Fifty miles is not a great distance.
2.3 若下列短语all, plenty, most, half, part, none, the rest, the remainder, 80%, lots + of 单数名词／不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数；若 of +复数名词时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如果没法确定，看后面的表语。 e.g. The rest of the apple is rotten. The rest of the apples are rotten. Most of the class are girls.
3. 就近原则
3.1 由并列连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also…连接两个主语，句中谓语动词的单复数由最靠近它的那个名词的数决定。
e.g. Not only the workers but also the general manager has to abide by the
regulations. Either the manager or his assistants are to go.
3.2 each/every…and each/every, no …and no…等后用单数谓语。(each和every后面的名词为单数)
句型：each/every/no +n.(sing.)+(each/every/no) n.(sing.) + V(sing) e.g. Each teacher and student is in favor of the plan.
Each boy and each girl is encouraged to take part in the sports meet. Every success and failure contributes to an individual?s growth and maturity.
19
3.3 many a / more than one + 单数名词，或 a(n)/ one…and a half后谓语动词用单数。
e.g. Many a student is looking forward to finding a prosperous job after graduation. More than one sentence is necessary to illustrate the usage of this word. 3.4 动词不定式、动名词、从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 e.g. Doing the job is quite difficult for a beginner. To become doctors is their ambition.
What he said was true.
3.5 由any, some, no, every和 body, one, thing等构成的复合不定代词在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数。
e.g. Everyone is here.
Something unhappy happens to them..
3.6. 国家、机构、书刊、事件等名称作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 e.g. The United Nations was founded in 1945. His “ Selected Poems” was published in 1978.
3.7 有些名词虽以s 结尾，但表示的却是单数意思，谓语动词用单数形式。这些名词有：means, news, electronics, politics, mathematics, physics, works等。 e.g. News of victories keeps pouring in. Physics is more interesting than maths.
3.8 当the + adj. 表示一类人或事物作主语时，谓语动词可视具体情况用单数或复数形式。
e.g. The young are full of vigor.
The public demands an official enquiry.
The public are generous in their contributions to the flood victims. 3.9 the number of +n(pl) + V(sing), a number of + n(pl) + V. e.g. A number of cars are parked there.
The number of students in the class is limited to 50.
3.10. Chinese, English, French, Japanese等词指语言时，用单数；指人民时，用复数。
e.g. Chinese is a difficult language.
The Chinese are kind and friendly.. （二）代词一致
1. 代词应与所指代的名词在人称、性、数上保持一致，下表列出了通常情况下一些代词所能指代的名词。
20