to spend as much time if not more studying by themselves as being taught. In the UK it is still common for people to say that they are “reading” for a degree! Each student has a tutor whom they can consult on any matter whether academic or personal. Although the tutor will help, motivation for study is expected to come from the student.
81. According to the passage, science and engineering courses seem to be more ______ than arts courses.
A. motivating B. varied
C. demanding D. interesting
82. Which of the following is the length of lectures or seminars or tutorials? A. 1 hour. B. 2 hours. C. 3 hours. D. 15 hours.
83. In British universities teaching and learning are carried out in ______. A. a variety of ways B. laboratory classes C. seminars and tutorials D. lectures and tutorials
TEXT B
Who said the only way to learn about a country you can't visit is by reading a book? Dan Eckberg's television students at Hopkins High School know better. They're seeing countries and learning about cultures with the aid of electronic communications.
Using computers, satellite hookups, and telephone hotlines, Eckberg's students have already followed a team of cyclists 11,500 miles across the continent of Africa, sat atop Mount Kilimanjaro, and sweltered in the Sahara Desert.
This winter they'll interact with an expedition exploring Central America in search of the classic Maya culture. You can join them.
How? By following Eckberg and his class as they track the adventures of Dan and Steve Buettner, two world-class bicyclists from U.S.A. Starting last month these two bicyclists, joined by archaeologists and a technical support team, are interacting with students via the Internet, the worldwide computer network.
From classroom or home computer, students can make research proposals to the Buettners or the archaeologists at the various Central American locations they've been exploring as part of their MayaQuest expedition.
“We hope that someone will ask a question that can't readily be answered,” says Hopkins High School student Barry Anderson, “and through the online activities, an answer will be found — a discovery!”
Having students “discover” why a civilization as advanced as the Maya collapsed in the 9th century is one key goal for the leaders of the MayaQuest expedition. The more important goal
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is using interactive learning to discover the cause of the decline and compare it to issues we face today — natural disasters, environmental degradation, and war.
Ten lesson plans — on topics ranging from the Maya language to the Maya creation myth — have been developed for the interactive expedition.
“Through a combination of live call-in television and the Internet,” says Eckberg, “we're hoping to build excitement and engagement in learning in our school.”
84. Dan Eckberg and his students learn about Africa by ______. A. reading books
B. watching video tapes
C. interacting via the Internet D. cycling 111, 500 miles 85.
A. Going to visit various Central American locations.
B. Getting information through electronic communications. C. Discussing different topics on the Maya civilization.
D. Forming research proposals and discovering the answers.
TEXT C
Most earthquakes occur within the upper 15 miles of the earth's surface. But earthquakes can and do occur at all depths to about 460 miles. Their number decreases as the depth increases. At about 460 miles one earthquake occurs only every few years. Near the surface earthquakes may run as high as 100 in a month, but the yearly average does not vary much. In comparison with the total number of earthquakes each year, the number of disastrous earthquakes is very small.
The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors. If you carefully build a toy house with an Erector set, it will still stand no matter how much you shake the table. But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. An earthquake in Agadir, Morocco, was not strong enough to be recorded on distant instruments, but it completely destroyed the city. Many stronger earthquakes have done comparatively little damage. If a building is well constructed and built on solid ground, it will resist an earthquake. Most deaths in earthquakes have been due to faulty building construction or poor building sites. Another very serious factor is panic. When people rush out into narrow streets, more deaths will result.
The United Nations has played an important part in reducing the damage done by earthquakes. It has sent a team of experts to all countries known to be affected by earthquakes. Working with local geologists and engineers, the experts have studied the nature of the ground and the type of most practical building code for the local area. If followed, these suggestions will make disastrous earthquakes almost a thing of the past.
There is one type of earthquake disaster that little can be done about. This is the disaster caused by seismic sea waves, or tsunamis. (These are often called tidal waves, but the name is incorrect. They have nothing to do with tides.) In certain areas, earthquakes take place beneath the sea. These submarine earthquakes sometimes give rise to seismic sea waves. The waves are not noticeable out at sea because of their long wave length. But when they roll into harbours,
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they pile up into walls of water 6 to 60 feet high. The Japanese call them “tsunamis”, meaning “harbour waves”, because they reach a sizable height only in harbours.
Tsunamis travel fairly slowly, at speeds up to 500 miles an hour. An adequate warning system is in use to warn all shores likely to be reached by the waves. But this only enables people to leave the threatened shores for higher ground. There is no way to stop the oncoming wave.
86. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage? A. The number of earthquakes is closely related to depth. B. Roughly the same number of earthquakes occur each year. C. Earthquakes are impossible at depths over 460 miles. D. Earthquakes are most likely to occur near the surfaces. 87. The destruction of Agadir is an example of ______. A. faulty building construction B. an earthquake's strength
C. widespread panic in earthquakes D. ineffective instruments
88. The United Nations' experts are supposed to ______. A. construct strong buildings B. put forward proposals
C. detect disastrous earthquakes D. monitor earthquakes
89. The significance of the slow speed of tsunamis is that people may ______. A. notice them out at sea B. find ways to stop them C. be warned early enough D. develop warning systems
TEXT D
One of the good things for men in women's liberation is that men no longer have to pay women the old-fashioned courtesies.
In an article on the new manners, Ms. Holmes says that a perfectly able woman no longer has to act helplessly in public as if she were a model. For example, she doesn't need help getting in and out of cars. “Women get in and out of cars twenty times a day with babies and dogs. Surely they can get out by themselves at night just as easily.”
She also says there is no reason why a man should walk on the outside of a woman on the sidewalk. “Historically, the man walked on the inside so he caught the garbage thrown out of a window. Today a man is supposed to walk on the outside. A man should walk where he wants to. So should a woman. If, out of love and respect, he actually wants to take the blows, he should walk on the inside — because that's where attackers are all hiding these days.”
As far as manners are concerned, I suppose I have always been a supporter of women's liberation. Over the years, out of a sense of respect, I imagine, I have refused to trouble women with outdated courtesies.
It is usually easier to follow rules of social behaviour than to depend on one's own taste. But rules may be safely broken, of course, by those of us with the gift of natural grace. For
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example, when a man and woman are led to their table in a restaurant and the waiter pulls out a chair, the woman is expected to sit in the chair. That is according to Ms. Ann Clark. I have always done it the other way, according to my wife.
It came up only the other night. I followed the hostess to the table, and when she pulled the chair out I sat on it, quite naturally, since it happened to be the chair I wanted to sit in. I had the best view of the boats.
“Well,” my wife said, when the hostess had gone, “you did it again.” “Did what?” I asked, utterly confused. “Took the chair.”
Actually, since I'd walked through the restaurant ahead of my wife, it would have been awkward, I should think, not to have taken the chair. I had got there first, after all.
Also, it has always been my custom to get in a car first, and let the woman get in by herself. This is a courtesy I insist on as the stronger sex, out of love and respect. In times like these, there might be attackers hidden about. It would be unsuitable to put a woman in a car and then shut the door on her, leaving her at the mercy of some bad fellow who might be hidden in the back seat.
90. It can be concluded from the passage that ______. A. men should walk on the inside of a sidewalk B. women are becoming more capable than before C. in women's liberation men are also liberated D. it's safe to break rules of social behavior
91. The author was “utterly confused” because he ______. A. took the chair out of habit B. was trying to be polite C. was slow in understanding D. had forgotten what he did
92. He “took the chair” for all the following reasons EXCEPT that ______. A. he got to the chair first
B. he happened to like the seat C. his wife ordered him to do so D. he'd walked ahead of his wife
93. The author always gets in a car before a woman because he ______. A. wants to protect her B. doesn't need to help her C. chooses to be impolite D. fears attacks on him
94. The author is ______ about the whole question of manners and women's liberation. A. mildly joking B. bitterly satirical C. rather serious D. severely critical
95. Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage? A. Manners ought to be thrown away altogether.
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B. In manners one should follow his own judgement. C. Women no longer need to be helped in public. D. Men are not expected to be courteous to women.
TEXT E
How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.
Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boy's hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.
What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.
There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter until the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again. Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy” look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashions of the top fashion houses. At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a nightclub. However, you need never feel depressed if you don't look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and you'll see that no one else does either!
96. The author thinks that people are ______. A. satisfied with their appearance
B. concerned about appearance in old age C. far from neglecting what is in fashion D. reluctant to follow the trends in fashion
97. Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to ______. A. confidence in life B. personal dress
C. individual hair style D. personal future
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