〔10〕在一项针对252名上班族的研究中，威尔士大学心理学家戴维·K.英格迪尤和戴维·马克兰发现，尽管许多人为了减肥和提升个人形象开始锻炼，但是这些动力并不能使其长期坚持锻炼。他们总结道：“应该强调锻炼带来的幸福和乐趣。”
in the long term 从长远来看
well-being [,wel'bi:??] CET6 TEM4 n. 幸福；康乐
emphasized /??mf??sa?z/ TEM4 v. 强调，着重（emphasize的过去式）He emphasized its importance to me
[11] Dr. Segar put it this way:.“Physical activity is an elixir of life, but we’re not
teaching people that. We’re telling them it’s a pill to take or a punishment for bad numbers on the scale. Sustaining physical activity is a motivational and emotional issue, not a medical one.”
〔11〕西格博士这样说：“锻炼身体是一剂长生不老药，但我们并不会这么说。我们告诉人们，锻炼要么是药，要么是对体重秤上数字超标的惩罚。坚持锻炼是动力问题、情感问题，而非医学问题。”
elixir：灵丹妙药，长生不老药。 [?'l?ks?; -s??]
punishment ['p?n??m(?)nt] TEM4 n. 惩罚；严厉对待，虐待
scale [ske?l] n. 规模；比例；鳞；刻度；天平；数值范围vi. 衡量；攀登；剥落；生水垢vt. 测量；攀登；刮鳞；依比例决定
sustaining [ s?'ste?n??] adj. 持续的；支持的v. 维持（sustain的现在分词）；支持；承受
[12] Other studies have shown that what gets people off their duffs and keeps them
moving depends on age, gender, life circumstances and even ethnicity. For those of college age, for example, physical attractiveness typically heads the list of reasons to begin exercising, although what keeps them going seems to be the stress relief that a regular exercise program provides.
〔12〕其他研究表明，让人们改头换面、积极锻炼的因素取决于年龄、性别、生活环境，甚至种族。例如，对大学生而言，开始锻炼的首要目的一般是让自己显得更有魅力，不过，让他们坚持下去的理由似乎是有规律的锻炼计划所带来的减压效果。
duff [d?f] TEM8 n. 水果布丁；揉好的面团；笨拙的人vt. 把…改头换面；虚饰以欺骗人 gender ['d?end?] TEM4 n. 性；性别；性交vt. 生 gender difference性别差异；男女差异
Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender. 女性有时仅仅因为她们的
性别而被剥夺机会。
circumstance /?s??k?mst?ns/ TEM4 n. 情况（circumstance复数）；环境；情形 life circumstances生活环境
provide /pr??va?d/ CET4 TEM4 vt. 提供；规定；准备；装备vi. 规定；抚养；作准备
[13] The elderly, on the other hand, may get started because of health concerns. But
often what keeps them exercising are the friendships, sense of community and camaraderie that may otherwise be missing from their lives—easily seen among the gray-haired women who faithfully attend water exercise classes at my local YMCA.
〔13〕另一方面，老年人可能会出于健康原因而开始锻炼，但使其坚持住的往往是友谊、社区意识和同事情谊，如若不然，他们生活中可能会缺失此类情感。我所在地区的基督教青年会开办了水中运动课程，那些头发花白的妇人一节都不落，从她们身上很容易就能看出她们坚持的原因。
（YMCA：Young Men’s Christian Association基督教青年会。）
camaraderie /?k?m??rɑ?d?r?/ n. 友情；同志之爱 ...the loyalty and camaraderie of the wartime Army...战时军中的忠心和友情。
otherwise /??e??wa?z/ CET4 TEM4 adv. 否则；另外；在其他方面adj. 另外的；其他方面的 I'm lucky that I'm interested in school work, otherwise I'd go crazy.幸好我对学校作业还感兴趣，不然会疯的。
faithfully /?fe?θf?l?/ TEM4 adv. 忠实地；如实地；诚心诚意地；深信着地
[14] In a recent study of 1,690 over-weight or obese middle-aged men and women,
Dr. Segar found that enhancing daily well-being was most influential factor for the women in the study. Men indicated they were motivated by more distant health benefits, although Dr. Segar suspects this may be because men feel less comfortable discussing their mental health needs.
〔14〕在最近一项针对1690名超重或过度肥胖的中年人的调查中，西格博士发现，对所调查的女性而言，提高日常幸福感是最大的影响因子，男性表示未来的健康才是他们的动力，但西格博士怀疑，这或许是因为男性讨论心理健康需求时会不太自在。
mental /?m?nt?l/ CET4 TEM4 adj. 精神的；脑力的；疯的n. 精神病患者
[15] “What sustains us, we sustain,” Dr. Segar said.“We need to promote what
marketers call ‘customer loyalty.’ We need to help people stay engaged with movement by teaching them how it can help sustain them in their lives.”
〔15〕西格博士称：“什么能维持我们的生命，我们就会坚持做什么。我们需要提高营销人员所说的‘顾客忠诚度’，需要通过告知人们锻炼如何能让人长寿，帮助他们长此以往地坚持下去。”
sustain /s??ste?n/ v. 支撑（sustain的第三人称单数）；保持；遭受（损失等）；支援 promote /pr??m??t/ CET4 TEM4 vt. 促进；提升；推销；发扬vi. 成为王后或其他大于卒的子
[16] Many, if not most, people start exercising because they want to lose weight. But
very often they abandon exercise when the expected pounds fail to fall off. Study after study has found that, without major changes in eating habits, increasing physical activity is only somewhat effective for losing weight, though it helps people maintain
weight loss and shedding even a few pounds, especially around one’s middle, can improve health.
〔16〕因想减肥而开始运动的人，就算不占大多数，也有不少，但预期的斤两未能减掉时，锻炼就常常被弃之一旁。一项项研究发现，当饮食习惯没有大幅变化时，加强锻炼只会有些许的减肥功效。不过，锻炼有助于维持减后体重，即使甩掉几磅肉，尤其是腰部的肉，也能改善健康状况。
shed /??d/ CET4 TEM4 n. 脱落；蜕落v. 脱落（shedding shed的ing形式）
[17] For example, researchers in Brisbane, Australia, and in Leeds, England, studied
58 sedentary overweight or obese men and women who participated in a closely monitored 12-week aerobic exercise program. Weight loss was minimal, but nonetheless the participants’ waistlines shrunk, their blood pressure and resting heart rate dropped, and their aerobic capacity and mood improved.
〔17〕例如，澳大利亚布里斯班和英国利兹的研究人员对58名超重或过度肥胖的男女进行了调查，这些不爱运动的人参与了一项为期12周的有氧运动项目，其间受到密切监控。虽然减重效果甚微，但参与者的腰围缩小了，血压和静息心率降低了，有氧能力提高，情绪也有所改善。
sedentary /?s?d?nt?r?/ adj. 久坐的；坐惯的；定栖的；静坐的 participate /pɑ??t?s??pe?t/ CET4 TEM4 v. 参与；分享 monitor /?m?n?t?/ CET4 TEM4 v. 指导，检测；[自] 监控
aerobic /???r??b?k/ adj. 需氧的；增氧健身法的 aerobic exercise 有氧运动 nonetheless /?n?ne??l?s/ CET6 TEM8 adv. 尽管如此，但是conj. 尽管如此，但是
waistlines /?we?st?la?n/ n. 腰围；腰身部分 shrunk [ ?r??k] v. 收缩（shrink的过去分词）
[18] “Exercise should be encouraged and the emphasis on weight loss reduced,” the
researchers concluded.“Disappointment and low self-esteem associated with poor
weight loss could lead to low exercise adherence and a general perception that exercise is futile and not beneficial.”
〔18〕研究人员总结道：“我们应该多鼓励锻炼，少强调减肥。减肥不成功带来的失望和自尊心受挫会让人难以坚持下去，通常还会产生锻炼无用无益的成见。”
self-esteem ['selfis'ti:m] n. 自尊；自负；自大
adherence /?d?h??r?ns/ CET6 TEM4 n. 坚持；依附；忠诚
perception /p??s?p??n/ CET4 TEM8 n. 知觉；[生理] 感觉；看法；洞察力；获取 futile /?fju?ta?l/ CET6+ TEM4 adj. 无用的；无效的；没有出息的；琐细的；不重要的
[19] I walk three miles daily, or bike ten miles and swim three-quarters of a mile. If you
ask me why, weight control may be my first answer, followed by a desire to live long and well. But that’s not what gets me out of bed before dawn to join friends on a morning walk and then bike to the Y for my swim. It’s how these activities make me feel: more energized, less stressed, more productive, more engaged and, yes, happier—better able to smell the roses and cope with the inevitable frustrations of daily life.
〔19〕我每天步行3英里，或骑车10英里，外加游泳0.75英里。若问我为什么这样做，我的首选答案可能是控制体重，然后是希望健康长寿。然而，这绝不是我天不亮起床，和朋友们一起晨走，然后骑车去基督教青年会游泳的根本原因。真正的原因是运动带给我的感觉：精力更充沛，压力更少，更富有成效，更全心投入，当然还有更开心——能够更惬意地享受生活，更坦然地应对日常生活中无法避免的挫折。（完）
three-quarters 四分之三的
dawn /d??n/ CET4 TEM4 n. 黎明；开端vt. 破晓；出现；被领悟
energized /??n??d?a?z/ TEM8 adj. 激励的；[电] 通电的 v. 激励；使…通电（energize的过去分词）
cope with 处理，应付 inevitable frustrations 不可避免的挫折