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牛津9A Ancient Greece知识点复习
词组
1 at a time 每次 2 no longer 不再 （= not…any longer） 3 go to sleep 入睡；睡着 4 except for 除……之外 5 come on 得了吧 6 so … that 如此……以至于…… 7 succeed (in) doing sth. 成功做…… 8 *come down the stairs 下楼，相当于come downstairs。 9 *go up the stairs 上楼，相当于go upstairs。 10 *seconds later 过了一会儿 11 *look down at … 向下看着…… 12 *sail away 驾船驶走 13 *pull … into … 把……拉进……中 14 *on wheels 装有轮子 15 *obey orders 服从命令 16 *drag … into … 把……拉进……中 17 *make jokes about … 取笑 18 *make sure 确保 19 *climb out 爬出来 20 *in the darkness 在黑暗中 21 through a trick 通过一个计谋
词形转换 1. city n. 城市 ? citizen n. 居民 2. secure a. 安全的 3. dark a. 黑暗的 4. celebrate v. 庆祝 5. appear v. 出现 6. include v. 包括 7. main a. 主要的 8. wood n. 木头 9. succeed v. 成功 ? securely ad. 安全地 ? darkness n. 暗处，黑暗 ? celebration n. 庆祝会 ? disappear v. 消失 ? including prep. 包括 ? mainly adv. 主要地 ? wooden a. 木制的 ? success n. 成功 ? successful a. 成功的 ? successfully adv. 成功地 ? Trojan n. 特洛伊人 9. Troy n. 特洛伊 10. Greece n. 希腊 ? Greek a. 希腊的
重点难点
1. But the captain was no longer listening.
? no longer = not…any longer 不再 (注意句型互换时的动词变化)
no longer不再（在句中通常放于助动词之后，行为动词之前）= not …any longer e.g After married to Lily, he no longer lived alone.
After married to Lily, he didn’t live alone any longer.
2. He looked down at the empty plain and, beyond it, at the empty sea. ? 下面列出look常用词组 精品文档
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look up 1) 向上看 e.g. If you look up at the sky, you’ll find it’s getting bluer and bluer.
2) 查阅 e.g. Learn to look new words up in the dictionary. Don’t always ask others for help.
look down 向下看 e.g. You’d better not look down, or you’ll feel sick. look back 1）向后看 e.g. He looked back to see who called him. 2）回顾 e.g. Always looking back makes us go forward more easily. look out 1）向外看 e.g. The boy looked out of the window and paid no attention to what the teacher had said.
2）小心，留神 e.g. Look out! The flower pot is falling. look around 环顾 e.g. He looked around to find a chair to sit in.
look forward to sth. / doing sth. 期盼 e.g. I’m looking forward to your invitation. look for 寻找 e.g. He is looking for a job with high pay, but it’s very difficult. look after 照顾 e.g. Don’t forget to look after my fish when I am out. ? beyond 属于介词，同义词为on the far side of，反义词为within
3. They’ve taken everything with them.
? take something with somebody 随身携带某物
e.g. I’m afraid I can’t go home now. I forgot to take my umbrella with me this morning. ? with 除了“和”的意思外还表示“用…工具”, e.g. with ropes 而by 表“用…方式方法”, e.g by putting a program into it ? 区别：take, bring, send, carry, fetch bring take send carry fetch 某人从某地带来某物 某人将某物从某地拿走(亲自) 某人将某物从某地拿走(派遣) 某人保持拿某物的状态 某人往返一趟取得某物 e.g. Please bring your book to me. e.g. Who takes the girl to school every day? e.g. When will you send the letter to N.Y.? e.g. I’ll carry the heavy bag for you. e.g. Let me fetch a drink for you.
4. Outside the main gate of the city stood a huge wooden horse. ? a huge wooden horse = a huge horse made of wood
5. You don’t have to think. You have to obey orders.
? don’t have to = needn’t，而have to (勉强的，客观原因造成不得不做的事) 相当于must (主观意愿强迫去完成的事)
6. Then the Trojans made sure all the gates of the city were securely locked, and they all went to sleep, including the gate guard.
? be securely locked
securely 此副词放于助动词后，行为动词前，在这里用来修饰被动态be locked
7. By midnight, the square was empty, except for the giant horse. ? 区别：except for, except, besides except for 除……之外(表示肯定总体,否定部分, 除了整体中的某一点) e.g. The composition is very good except for some spelling mistakes. (作文是整体，而拼写包含在作文中的一部分) 精品文档
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本句中广场为整体，而木马包含广场内的一个组成部分
except 除……之外(表示除去的人或物不在其中)
e.g. We all went to the park except Tom. (Tom没去)
besides除……之外, 还有…… (表示除去的人或物包括在内) e.g. We all agreed besides him. (他也同意的)
8. It had returned in the darkness when the citizens celebrated inside. ? succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事
be successful in doing sth.
e.g. He succeeded in winning the golf game again.
He was successful in winning the golf game again.
9. It’s so big that they couldn’t take it with them.它是如此大以至于他们没法把它带走。
so…that…+ 否定句=too…to… 如此……以至于…; 太…不…
so…that…+ 肯定句=adj./adv.+ enough (for sb.) to do…
e.g. He is so young that he can’t go to school. 他不够年龄上学。 =He is too young to go to school. =He is not old enough to go to school.
语法
The present perfect tense现在完成时
1. 现在完成时定义(一)：
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。 2. 现在完成时结构：
have/ has + 动词过去分词
3. 常与 already, just, yet, ever, never等副词连用。
? already 常用于肯定句， yet常用于否定句和疑问句的句末。 eg. --- Have you had a shower yet?
--- Yes, I have already had a shower. --- No, I haven’t had a shower yet. 4. 现在完成时定义(二)：
表示在过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和since及for构成的时间状语连用。 ? since 用于某一特定时间之前，for用于一段时间之前 ? 对for, since 时间状语提问用how long. 精品文档
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? 使用for, since, how long时，动词需选用延续性动词。 瞬间性动词 -------------〉延续性动词 have gone to have been in start/ begin be on finish be over buy have borrow keep die be dead leave + some place be away from + some place join be in / be a member of 5. 区别：have been to, have gone to, have been in have been to 去过某地 （人已经从某地回来），属于瞬间性动词
have gone to 去了某地 （人还在去的路上，或已到达某地）属于瞬间性动词
have been in 呆在某地 （人在某地逗留） 属于延续性动词（通常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用） 6. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
相同点：两种时态的动作均发生在过去的时间
不同点：现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；
常用词 already , yet , just, since, for, once…
一般过去时强调过去的时间发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在无关。 常用词 yesterday, last week, ago…
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