老板会被心怀不满的员工要挟，这些员工能改变口令或在软件中插入定时炸弹或逻辑炸弹，它们会在某个给定的时间让整个系统处于瘫痪状态。比如，据新闻报导，明尼阿波利斯一家公司的一位程序员被指控勒索，他曾威胁说，除非公司在他找到另一份工作前每星期付给他350美元，否则他将要引爆公司电脑系统的定时炸弹。一位爱争论的华盛顿特区的政府财政分析员更改了财政部办公室电脑的口令，还拒绝告诉他的上司，因为他不同意他们
的政策。加拿大安大略省一家公司的雇员在公司电脑里植入一个逻辑炸弹，以使整个系统在某个时间被全部抹掉，因为他对他的加薪被延误不满（分别摘自1985年5月23日《明尼阿波利斯星论坛报》；1986年2月9日《华盛顿邮报》；1987年11月3日《多伦多全球邮报》）。9. Employers can be held to ransom by disgruntled employees who have the ability to change passwords or insert software a given date. For example, according to press reports, a programmer with Minneapolis company was charged with extortion after threatening to trigger a
system unless he received $350 per week until he found another job; a controversial Washington, D.C. government financial analyst changed the password to the Treasurer\'s office computer and refused to tell his superiors because he disagreed with their policies; and an employee of an Ontario, Canada, company planted a the entire system on a certain date - he was unhappy about a delayed salary increase (Minneapolis
star Tribune, 23 May 1985; Washington Post, 9 February 1986; Toronto Globe Mail, 3 November 1987, respectively).
客户完全受控于系统设计师，只有系统设计师知道系统是如何运作的；也受控于那些顾问，其实顾问提供的服务并不是完全有必要的；还受控于那些几乎是自主定价的垄断电脑供应商。总的来说，社会易受电脑专业人员的行为影响，因为大部分公众都不明白专业人员管辖的项目的危险性或潜在的东西。信息是金钱，也是力量，信息技术革命让电脑专业人员处于极大的诱惑中：是否滥用这种能接近机密性宝贵信息的权力是这个新行业人士所面临的最重要的道德困惑之一。10. Clients are at the mercy of systems designers who alone know how a system works, consultants whose services may not strictly be necessary, and monopoly computer
suppliers who can virtually write their own bills. Society as a whole is vulnerable to the actions of computer professionals because most in the general public do not understand the dangers or implications of projects under the professionals\' command. Because information is both money and power, the revolution in information technology has placed computer professionals under severe temptation: whether or not to abuse this power of access to confidential valuable
information is one of the most important ethical dilemmas facing members of the new profession. 电脑业教育家也有特别的责任去确保未来一代的电脑专业人员了解电脑引起的社会问题，尤其是他们将来作为电脑专业人员每天会面临的道德冲突。未来的毕业生也会在某种程度上被认为是专家或这个行业的代言人，向更广阔的世界诠释电脑。总的来说，他们将是和各种组织、工场和社会有密切联系的系统的缔造者。11. Computing educators also have a special responsibility to ensure that future generations of computer professionals are aware of the social problems caused by computers and especially aware of the ethical conflicts they will face every day in their future roles as computer professionals. Tomorrow\'s graduates will also to some extent be considered world, and they will be creators of systems that will have major implications for organizations, the workplace, and society in general.
电脑业教育家也该培养有口才的信息技术专家，即富有交流技能、与人交流的技能和重视信息技术的社会道德关系的技术专家。他们必须让人们有准备地面对这个混乱的现实世界，而不是图像显示终端荧屏中洁净、虚构的世界，因此，他们有责任推动这些问题的讨论，并让我们知道所面临的选择。12. Computing educators should also be producing articulate
information technologists - technologists endowed with communication skills, an appreciation of the social and ethical implications of information technology. They must
prepare people for the messy real world, not the tidy, imaginary one inside a VDT screen. They, therefore, have a duty to stimulate discussion about these issues and to generate awareness of the choices available to us.
除了人为滥用造成的问题之外，社会也开始更容易受到电脑故障的影响。有故障的硬件和软件远比许多人（特别是电脑行业人士）让我们相信的要普遍得多。总的来说，社会过分地相信这些所谓不会出错的机器。实际上，电脑不仅不可靠，还不安全，他们常完全失控。是否老实承认这些不足之处，成了电脑专业人员和电脑行业的另一个道德困惑。13. In addition to the problems caused by human misuse, society is also becoming more vulnerable to computer malfunctions. Malfunctioning hardware and software are much more common than many
(especially those in the computer industry) would have us believe. Society as a whole tends to put too much faith in these supposedly infallible machines. In fact, computers are not only unreliable, they also tend to be insecure, and they often become completely unmanageable. Whether to admit honestly these failings becomes another ethical dilemma for computer professionals and the
computer industry.
电脑的不可靠性Computers Are Unreliable 电脑几乎渗入我们生活的各个方面，包括许多先前技术从未涉足过的领域。但不同于其他渗透性技术如电力、电视和汽车的是，总的来说电脑行为更不可靠，更不可预测。这是因为他们是处于分离状态的数字电子装置，容易引起全面的灾难性崩溃。电脑系统一旦发生故障，就会全面瘫痪，它不像模拟或电子机械装置那样，只会发生局部故障，剩下的部分仍可使用。14. Computers are permeating almost every aspect of our lives, including many areas previously untouched by technology. But unlike such other pervasive technologies as electricity, television and the motor car, computers are on the whole less reliable and less predictable in their behavior. This is because they are discrete state digital electronic devices that are prone to total and catastrophic failure. Computer systems, when they are analog or electromechanical devices, which may be only partially down and are thus partially usable.