illegal，意为“非法的”。 8．to return 考查非谓语动词。encourage sb.to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to return。 9．by 考查介词。为了解决这些问题，公司提出了一种想法，通过奖励人们下一次免费骑车的时间，鼓励他们将自行车送回车站。根据语境可知，空处应用by表示方式。 10. points 考查名词复数。摩拜公司为每个用户设置了100分的信用评分，如有不良行为就减分。point在此处为可数名词，且其前没有限定词修饰，故填points。 Ⅱ.短文改错 (2018·南宁市高三摸底考试) I came to the US as a exchange student a year before.There are four people in my host family.They are Mr.Garavalia，his wife and his child.The host family has a magic what has pulled me in and make me part of it.I remember when I first arrived at my house，it was far past their usual bedtime.But Mr.Garavalia still waited me in the living room and gave me a huge hug just as I walked in.I was felt so warm after 14 hours of tired flight.Every day they treat me as if I were their really family.I love them very much. 【答案】 I came to the US as a exchange student a year before.There are anagofour people in my host family.They are Mr.Garavalia，his wife and his child.The host family has a magic what has pulled me in and make childrenthat/whichtheirmademe part of it.I remember when I first arrived at my house，it was far past their usual bedtime.But Mr.Garavalia still waited ∧ me in the living forroom and gave me a huge hug just as I walked in.I was felt so warm after 14 hours of tired flight.Every day they treat me as if I were their tiringreally family.I love them very much. real第一处：a改为an。考查冠词。exchange的发音以元音音素开头。故把a改为an。 第二处：before改为ago。考查副词。时间副词before常常与完成时连用，ago常常与一般过去时连用，根据句中谓语动词为一般过去时可知，把before改为ago。 第三处：child改为children。考查名词复数。根据上文中的“four people in my host family”可推断，这对夫妇应该有两个孩子，故把child改为children。 第四处：what改为that/which。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个定语从句，先行词是magic，从句缺少主语。故把what改为that/which。
第五处：make改为made。考查时态。分析句子结构可知，and一词后的动词make与其前has pulled作并列谓语，且在此并列结构中and后省略了与前面相同的助动词has，故把make改为made。
第六处：my改为their。考查代词。此处指“我”第一次到达他们(这对夫妇)家的时候，故把my改为their。
第七处：waited后加for。考查介词。wait for sb.意思是“等待某人”，为固定用法，故在waited后加for。
第八处：删除felt前的was。考查动词。felt在此处为系动词feel的过去式，表示“感受到”，没有被动语态。故删除felt前的was。
第九处：tired改为tiring。考查形容词。此处表示“14个小时的令人疲倦的飞行之后”。tiring“令人疲劳的”，tired“疲倦的，疲劳的”，故把tired改为tiring。
第十处：really改为real。考查形容词。名词family前应用形容词来修饰，故把really改为real。
语法强化训练(二) 非谓语动词 基础达标 感悟高考 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, ________ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top. 【答案】laying 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，63空所在的句子中已有谓语动词included，且空处不与included作并列谓语，故空处应填非谓语动词。included后的dig，lay，build是三个并列的动作，根据digging及building可知，lay也应用动名词形式。 2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But unlike her school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 41. ________ (rest)． 【答案】resting 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，41空所在的句子中已有谓语动词is not spending，且空处不与其作并列谓语，故空处应填非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth.表示“花费时间做某事”。 3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants ________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
【答案】to prove want to do sth.“想要做某事”，是固定用法。 4．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ________ (cool)the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.
【答案】to cool be＋adj.＋enough to do sth.“足够……来做某事”。
5．(2016·江苏，28)In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ (hide) within the work.
【答案】hidden 句意：在艺术评论中，你必须假定艺术家在作品中有一定有隐含信息。设空处在句中作定语，message与hide之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，且设空处表示动作已完成，故用过去分词形式。
6．(2017·浙江卷6月)Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring ________ (cook) a meal.
【答案】to cook 此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to cook。 7．(2017·北京卷)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ________ (spend) with his students.
【答案】spent time和spend之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。
8．(2017·天津卷)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ________ (catch)．
【答案】to catch 此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。 9．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)People probably cooked their food in large pots, ________ (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.
【答案】using 主语people与use之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。
10．(2016·浙江卷)A sudden stop can be a very ________ (frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.
【答案】frightening 此处修饰名词experience，根据句意此处指“令人可怕的经历”，所以experience名词前面用动词的-ing形式作
定语。
11．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My ambassadorial duties will include ________ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at
Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
【答案】introducing include为及物动词，后面应用动名词形式作宾语。
12．(2017·浙江卷6月)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got ________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, where it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it. 【答案】swept 此处the ring与sweep之间为被动关系，故用过去分词，构成get done结构。 Ⅱ.单句改错 1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer comes, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables！________ 【答案】pick前加to 考查非谓语动词。invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”，故应在pick前加to。 2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.________ 【答案】take→taking between...and... “在……和……之间”，是固定结构。and前后连接的是并列成分。and前用了动名词staying，and后也应用动名词，故把take改为taking。 3．(2015·浙江卷)I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.________ 【答案】sit→sitting enjoy后跟动名词作宾语。故sit改为sitting。 4．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. ________ 【答案】wear→wearing by是介词，后接动名词短语作宾语。 5．(2015·四川卷)We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.________ 【答案】sing→singing spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间。 名校模拟 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2018·湖北武昌区高三调考)The Yangtze River，________(know) in China as the Chang Jiang is the longest river in Asia and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country. 【答案】known 主语the Yangtze River和know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，表被动。 2．(2018·玉溪一中第二次月考)You lose weight for a while, only ________ (gain) back more weight when you stop your weight loss program. 【答案】to gain “only＋不定式”表示意想不到的结果。 3．(2018·湖北八校第一次联考)No one can ignore the rich culture ________ (date) back to ancient times changing into the modern age at a speed and scale that has never been witnessed. 【答案】dating 考查非谓语动词。date和句子谓语动词ignore之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词形式，且词组date back to没有被动形式，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。
4．(2018·洛阳第一次统考)The 15-year-old boy from Oakland has fascinated audiences in the U．S. and China with his ability ________ (sing) pitch-perfect Mandarin (普通话) and perform the ancient Chinese
art form.
【答案】to sing 考查非谓语动词。ability to do sth.意为“做某事的能力”，为固定词组搭配，故用不定式作后置定语。
5．(2018·湖南六校联盟高三联考)Of course, ________ (enjoy) a nice meal with friends, whatever we eat, can also impact our spirits. Being with friends and family plays a big part in experiencing happiness.
【答案】enjoying 考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，此处为动名词短语在句中作主语。
6．(2018·广东七校联合体第二次联考)We went to a fast food restaurant for dinner together. My husband went to the counter ________ (order) dishes and I stood with my parents.
【答案】to order 考查动词不定式。句意：我的丈夫去柜台订餐，我和我的父母在一起站着。空处表示去柜台的目的，故用动词不定式。
7．(2018·合肥第一次检测)Emperor Qin Shihuang simplified Chinese characters and regular rules were set, ________ (make) it easier for people to learn and master.
【答案】making 考查非谓语动词。动词make与其逻辑主语是主谓关系且与上文之间无连词，故用现在分词making在此处作状语。
8．(2018·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)I felt like an idiot. I should not have left without charging my cell phone. The battery was dead and I was alone without any way ________ (contact) my family.
【答案】to contact 考查不定式。设空句意：我手机电池没有电了，我独自一人，没有办法和家人联系。根据any way和句意可知，应用动词不定式作any way的后置定语。
9．(2018·贵州适应性考试)When you meet people from different cultures，it is important ________ (understand) what you can and cannot do.
【答案】to understand 考查动词不定式。分析该句结构可知，该句使用了it is/was＋adj.＋to do sth.的句型，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。
10．(2018·福建省普通高中毕业班质量检测)With my eyes tightly ________(close)，I dived in and made my way to the other end.
【答案】closed 考查非谓语动词。此处是with的复合结构，即：