兰州交通大学毕业论文
机车轴箱弹簧强度分析
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兰州交通大学毕业论文
摘 要
随着我国铁路进入高速重载的新时代，铁路列车运行的平稳性与安全性越来越重要。轴箱弹簧是机车转向架的关键部件之一，其性能的稳定性直接影响机车运行的安全及平稳。弹簧承载情况及工作环境十分复杂，所以，弹簧的强度、疲劳寿命具有非常大的随机性，是广大工程技术研究人员十分关注的问题。因此，研究弹簧强度、疲劳寿命具有重要的理论及实际意义。
本文对韶山4型电力机车的轴箱弹簧进行了分析，利用三维软件Solidworks进行建模仿真，并利用其Simulation模块对轴箱弹簧进行刚度、静强度、疲劳寿命分析。通过分析轴箱弹簧强度、寿命，对影响轴箱弹簧强度、寿命的因素做了一定的总结。通过分析可以发现圆柱螺旋弹簧在其支撑圈与工作圈过渡处最容易发生断裂，弹簧的制作生产工艺也会对弹簧的强度、寿命产生一定的影响。结合分析结果，为提高轴箱弹簧的强度、寿命，可以采取增加弹簧支撑圈数以及改进弹簧生产工艺等措施。 关键词：轴箱弹簧，圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧，强度，优化
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兰州交通大学毕业论文
Abstract
With China's railway enter a new era of speed and heavy duty，the smooth and security running of railway trains becomes more important．Spring is one of the key components in vehicle, the stability of which affect the safety and stabilization of vehicle operation. There is very large randomicity in strength and fatigue life of spring for the complicated status of load and work environment. For its importance of practical application, the problem catches many engineers to research.
The article analyzed the axle spring of the SS4 electric locomotive and used the Solidworks build a model and analyzed the stiffness, static strength and fatigue life of the axle spring. By analysis the strength and life of the axle spring we can make a summary of the factors which influences the strength of the axle spring. By the analysis we can find that the cylindrical spring has a most prone to fracture areas in the transition of the support ring and work coils, the production process also have an impact on the spring strength and life. Combining the results of the analysis improve the strength and fatigue life of the axle spring, the measures must be taken to improve the strength and fatigue life of the axle spring by increase the number of spring support ring as well as improved spring production process. Key word: Axle spring，Helical compression spring，Strength，Optimization
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兰州交通大学毕业论文
目录
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绪论 ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 1.2 1.3
背景 ........................................................................................................................... 1 电力机车发展及分类 ............................................................................................... 1 软件选用及介绍 ....................................................................................................... 2 1.3.1 1.3.2
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软件选用 ........................................................................................................ 2 模块介绍 ........................................................................................................ 2
模型建立及有限元分析 ..................................................................................................... 4 2.1 2.2
三维模型建立 ........................................................................................................... 4 静态分析 ................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.3 2.4
刚度分析 ........................................................................................................ 7 静强度分析 .................................................................................................... 8
模态分析 ................................................................................................................... 9 疲劳寿命分析 ......................................................................................................... 13 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3
材料的S-N曲线 .......................................................................................... 14 疲劳强度缩减因子 ...................................................................................... 15 疲劳寿命估算 .............................................................................................. 16
2.5 3
小结： ..................................................................................................................... 16
影响弹簧疲劳寿命的因素分析 ....................................................................................... 17 3.1 3.2
弹簧疲劳寿命影响因素的理论分析 ..................................................................... 17 弹簧疲劳寿命影响因素 ......................................................................................... 17 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 3.2.7 3.2.8 3.2.9
表面状态对疲劳强度的影响 ...................................................................... 17 表面质量对疲劳强度的影响 ...................................................................... 18 表面脱碳对疲劳强度的影响 ...................................................................... 18 表面处理对疲劳强度的影响 ...................................................................... 18 抛丸处理对疲劳强度的影响 ...................................................................... 18 金相组织对疲劳强度的影响 ...................................................................... 19 化学成分对疲劳强度的影响 ...................................................................... 19 冶金缺陷对疲劳强度的影响 ...................................................................... 20 屈服强度对疲劳强度的影响 ...................................................................... 21
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兰州交通大学毕业论文
3.2.10 腐蚀介质对疲劳强度的影响 ...................................................................... 21 3.2.11 热处理工艺质量对疲劳强度的影响 .......................................................... 21 3.3 4
弹簧支撑圈参数对疲劳强度的影响 ..................................................................... 21
弹簧优化改进 ................................................................................................................... 23 4.1 4.2
螺旋圆柱压缩弹簧设计的一般要求 ..................................................................... 23 螺旋圆柱压缩弹簧优化设计 ................................................................................. 23 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4
确定设计变量 .............................................................................................. 23 建立目标函数 .............................................................................................. 24 确定约束条件 .............................................................................................. 24 建立数学模型 .............................................................................................. 26
结论 .......................................................................................................................................... 28 致谢 .......................................................................................................................................... 29
参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. 30
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