则F(x)在(0,?)L?可积,于是用L?控制收敛定理,以及简单计算可知
??0k???sinx?n?1?n?1 (??1). ??limfk(x)?lim?fk(x)?lim?2??2x00k??k??k??e??n?1n?1n?1n?132.设?X??,f?M(X),证 如果c?0,则由已知
??Xfnd??c(n?1,2,??),则f??A,a.e..
?Xfd??0?f?0,a.e.,取A?X\\X(f?0),所
以f??A,a.e..如果c?0,验证?X(f?1)?0.若?X(f?1)?0,则
?X(f?1)(f?1)d????0.
对任给的k,c?=
??Xfk?1??X(f?1)fk?1??X(f?1)f(fk?1)
X(f?1)f(f?1)(1?f????fk?1) (f?1)(1?f?f2???fk?1)?k?(f?1)
??X(f?1)X(f?1)?k???(k??)
这与已知矛盾. 同理?X(f?1)?0,取A?X(f?1),则f??A,a.e.. 33.设0????,xf(x),xf(x)?L?0,??,则?(s)???1??0xsf(x)dx在??,??内连续.
证 设f(x,y)?xf(x),则X??0,???,Y???,??,
y?x?f(x)f(x,y)????xf(x)???x?f(x)x?(0,1],于是令g(x)???x?(1,??)?xf(x)11x?(0,1]
x?(1,??)由已知,xf(x),xf(x)?L??,?g(x)?L?0,??,且对几乎所有的?0,x?X,f(x,y)对y在(?,?)内连续,由定理3.3.6(ii),
得?(s)?
??0xsf(x)dx在y点连续,因此?(s)在??,??内连续.
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34.求
??0e??xsinxdx(??1). x解 令I(?)???0e??xsinxsinxdx,f(x,?)?e??x,f?(x,?)??e??xsinx xxf?(x,?)??e??xsinx?e??x?g(x),g(x)?L1(0,?)由3.3.6(iii),知:
I???????e??xsinxdx?0???1?e??xsinx?1?2e??xcosx???01?2??0e??xsinxdx
∴I(?)?'??0?(e??xe??x(?sinx?cosx)sinx)dx?1??2?0??1
1??2∴I(?)?arctg∴I(?)?arctg1?1?c,又I(0)??.
sinx?dx??c?0. x2?35.求
?????e?xcos?xdx.
2解 令I(?)??????e?xcos?xdx,F(x,?)?e?xcos?x
2222?F?(x,?)??xsin?xe?x?xe?x?g(x),g(x)?L1(R) ?I'(?)??F?(x,?)dx???xe?xsin?xdx
????????2??????x212?e?xsin?x??ecos?xdx
??2??2 ???2???4??e?x2cos?xdx???2I(?)
∴I(?)?ce又∵I(0)???2
?????e?xdx???c?e0?c∴c??.∴I(?)??e2??24.
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136.设f,fn?L?)(X),A,An?X可测(n?1,2,?(A?An)?0,则
?Anfnd???fd?.
A 说明:本题显然原所与条件不足——如果fn与f预先没有关联关系,是不能推导出结论成立的.例如,不妨就设A?An?X (n?1,2,?),当然已有
?(A?An)????0?0 (n??),但完全可能fn与f的积分值无极限关
系.为此,我们给出本题的一种改造方案并解答如下.
改造题:设f,fn?L1(X),fn?fa.e. 且fn?f.另有A,An?X可测
(n?1,2,?),满足?(A?An)?0 (n??),求证?fnd???fd?.
AnA 证 由于
?Anfnd???fd??A?Anfnd???fd???fd???fd?
AnAnA??Anfn?fd???Anfd???fd???AAnfn?fd???An\\Afd???A\\Anfd?
??fn?fd???XA?Anfd?
那么,由于所补给条件:fn在f的控制下收敛,就有
?Xfn?fd??0
(n??),另外,由于f?L1(X),依据L?积分的绝对连续性,当?(A?An)?0 (n??),综上已证得?fnd???fd?.
AnA37.设f,g在?a,b?上R可积,在?a,b?的某稠子集上f?g,则
?baf(x)dx??g(x)dx.
ab 证 (ⅰ) 设A1?{x?X:f(x)在x连续},f?R[a,b]?f,a.e.连续,
c则?A1c?0,同理,设A2?{x?X:g(x)在x连续},则?A2?0,
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cccc再令B?A1?A2,则?B??(A1?A2)??(A1?A2)?0.
?x0?B?A1?A2,由已知,存在某子集C在?a,b?中稠,且对每一
t?C,f(t)?g(t),则存在tn?C,tn?x0,f(tn)?g(tn),又注意到x0是f,
g的连续点,故f(x0)?limf(tn)?limg(tn)?g(x0).
nn所以对每一x0?B,有f(x0)?g(x0),即f?g,a.e,x??a,b?.
(ⅱ) 由于f,g在?a,b?上R可积,故f,g?L?a,b?,且?R??baf??L??f,
ab?R??ag??L??ag.由命题3.2.4知f综上所述,
bb?g,a.e,则(L)?f?(L)?g.
aabb?baf(x)dx??g(x)dx.
ab38.设f在?a,b?上有界,其间断点集D只有可数个极限点,则f在?a,b?上R可积.
证 因为D??D\\D???D?,其中D\\D?表示D的孤立点集,它可数.由已知,D?可数,故?D\\D???D?可数,从而D可数,故?D?0.所以f在?a,b?上几乎处处连续,则f在?a,b?上R可积.
39. 设fn(n?1,2?)在?a,b?上R可积,fn?f,则f在?a,b?上R可积.
证 因fn?f故???0,?N,当n?N时,?x?[a,b]有
fn(x)?f(x)??,故有fn(x)???f(x)?fn(x)??,即f在?a,b?上有界.
又fn(n?1,2?)在?a,b?上R可积?fn在?a,b?上几乎处处连续.
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即对取定的x1,对上述的??0,???0,x1?x2??时,有
f(x1)?f(x2)?f(x1)?fn(x1)?fn(x1)?fn(x2)?fn(x2)?f(x2)?3?
∴f在?a,b?上几乎处处连续,则f在?a,b?上R可积.
40.设?,??0,研究函数f(x)?x??sinx??在?0,1?上的可积性.
解 ∵?x?(0,1),1x??sinx?? ?x1??x?x,lim?x?0????1
∴①若??1, 则
?0xdx收敛,从而???0x??sinx??dx 绝对收敛,
1由定理3.4.2知f?L?0,1?.
②当??1时,
???10x??dx发散,
1sin2x??1cos2x????????? ∴xsinxdx??. ????0x2x2x又?xsinx??令g(x)?x???1sinx??, F(x)??1x, g(t)dt,显然g(x)在?0,1?连续(0是瑕点)
又F(x)=
?1xt???1sintdt =
??1??1xsintdt????=
1??cost??1x?2?.
∴当????1???0,即????1时,
?10x??1??g(x)dx收敛,
也即
?10x??sinx??dx收敛.
故当1?????1时,③又
?10f(x)dx条件收敛.
?10x???1sinxdx????10sinx??dx???lim(?cosx??)??01?
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