H) James Heckman, the Nobel Prize-winning economist, has examined how the returns on education break down for individuals with different backgrounds and levels of ability. \with these high prices, you’re still finding a high return for individuals who are bright and motivated,\the other hand, \’re not college ready, then the answer is no, it's not worth it.\Experts tend to agree that for the average student, college is still worth it today, but they also agree that the rapid increase in price is eating up more and more of the potential return. For borderline students, tuition (学费）rise can push those returns into negative territory.
I) Everyone seems to agree that the government, and parents, should be rethinking how we invest in higher education—and that employers need to rethink the increasing use of college degrees as crude screening tools for jobs that don’t really require college skills. \graduates and looking to fill jobs are just adding that requirement,\\
J) We have started to see some change on the finance side. A law passed in 2007 allows many students to cap their loan payment at 10 percent of their income and forgives any balance after 25 years. But of course, that doesn't control the cost of education; it just shifts it to taxpayers. It also encourages graduates to choose lower-paying careers, which reduces the financial return to education still further. \’re subsidizing people to become priests and poets and so forth,\not.\
K) What might be a lot cheaper is putting more kids to work. Caplan notes that work also builds valuable skills一probably more valuable for kids who don’t naturally love sitting in a classroom. Heckman agrees wholeheartedly： **People are different, and those abilities can be shaped. That’s what we’ve learned, and public policy should recognize that.\
L) Heckman would like to see more apprenticeship-style (学徒式）programs, where kids can learn in the workplace—learn not just specific job skills, but the kind of \skills，\like getting to work on time and getting along with a team, that are crucial for career success. \’s about having mentors (指导者) and having workplace-based education,” he says. \’ve seen examples of this kind of program working.
M) Ah, but how do we get there from here? With better public policy, hopefully, but also by making better individual decisions. ‘‘Historically markets have been able to handle these things,” says Vedder, \I think eventually markets will handle this one. If it doesn't improve soon, people are going to wake up and ask, ‘Why am I going to college?\
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
46. Caplan suggests that kids who don't love school go to work.
47. An increasing number of families spend more money on houses in a good school district.
48. Subsidized loans to college students are a huge waste of money, according to one economist.
49. More and more kids find they fare worse with a college diploma.
50. For those who are not prepared for higher education, going to college is not worth it.
51. Over the years the cost of a college education has increased almost by 100%.
52. A law passed recently allows many students to pay no more than one tenth of their income for their college loans.
53. Middle-class Americans have highly valued a good education. 54. More kids should be encouraged to participate in programs where they can learn not only job skills but also social skills.
55. Over fifty percent of recent college graduates remain unemployed or unable to find a suitable job.
Section C
Directions ： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
A recent global survey of 2 000 high-net-worth individuals found that 60% were not planning on a traditional retirement. Among US participants, 75% expected to continue working in some capacity even after stepping away from full-time jobs. \of these people made their wealth by doing something
they're passionate (有激情的）about,\says Daniel Egan, head of behavioral finance for Barclays Wealth Americas. \the choice, they prefer to continue working.\“nevertirees”.
Unlike many Americans compelled into early retirement by company restrictions, the average nevertiree often has no one forcing his hand. If 106-year-old investor Irving Kahn, head of his own family firm, wants to keep coming to work every day, who's going to stop him? Seventy-eight-year-old Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s job security is guaranteed in the Constitution.
It may seem that these elderly people are trying to cheat death. In fact, they are. And it’s working. Howard Friedman, a professor at UC Riverside, found in his research that those who work hardest and are successful in their careers often live the longest lives. \are generally being given bad advice to slow down, take it easy, stop worrying, and retire to Florida，\one study participant, still working at the age of 100, who was recently disappointed to see his son retire.
\，\George Leeson, co-director of the Institute of Population Ageing at Oxford. Where once retirement was seen as a brief reward after a long struggle through some miserable job, it is now akin (近似）to being cast aside. What Leeson terms \come to \but also about contribution.\
Observers are split on whether this is a wholly good thing. On the one hand, companies and financial firms can benefit from the wisdom of a resilient (坚韧的）chief. On the other, the new generation can find it more difficult to advance—an argument that typically holds little sway to a nevertiree.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
56. What do we learn about the so-called “nevertirees”？ A) They are passionate about making a fortune. B) They have no choice but to continue working. C) They love what they do and choose not to retire. D) They will not retire unless they are compelled to.
57. What do Irving Kahn and Ruth Bader Ginsburg have in common? A) Neither of them is subject to forced retirement. B) Neither of them desires reward for their work. C) Both cling to their positions despite opposition. D) Both are capable of coping with heavy workloads. 58. What is the finding of Howard Friedman’s research? A) The harder you work, the bigger your fortune will be. B) The earlier you retire, the healthier you will be. C) Elderly people have to slow down to live longer. D) Working at an advanced age lengthens people’s life.
59. What is the traditional view of retirement according to the passage? A) It means a burden to the younger generation. B) It is a symbol of a mature and civilized society.