高中英语单补资料
课时一
Directions: Read the following passage. For some blanks there is a word given in the brackets. Fill in each of these blanks with the proper form of the given word. Fill in the other blanks with words that are correct in structure and proper in meaning.
(A)
Sports and games make our bodies strong, prevent us from getting too fat, and keep us healthy. 25 these are not their only uses. They give us valuable practice in making eyes, brain and muscles 26 (work) together. In tennis, 27 our eyes see the ball coming, our brain has to decide what to do, and so send its orders to the muscles of the arms, legs and so on, so that the ball is met and hit back 28 it ought to go. All this must happen with very great speed, and only those who have had a lot of practice at tennis can carry out this chain of events successfully. For those who work with their brains most of the day, the practice of such skills is especially useful.
Sports and games are also very useful for character-training. 29 each of students learn to work for his team and not for himself on the football field; he will 30 (late) find it natural to work for the good of his country instead of only for his own benefit.
(B)
Through a series of experiments an American scientist has gained an understanding of the social structure of the most complex of ant societies. The ants 31 (examine) are the only creatures other than man to have given up hunting and collecting for a completely agricultural way of life. In their underground nests they planted gardens on soils made from finely 32 (cut) leaves. This is a complex operation 33 (require) considerable division of labor. The workers of this type of ant can 34 (divide) into four groups according to size. Each of the groups performs a particular set of jobs.
The making and care of the garden and the nursing of the young ants are done by the smallest workers. Slightly larger workers are responsible for cutting leaves to make them suitable for use in the gardens and for cleaning the nest. 35 third group of still larger ants do the construction work and collect fresh leaves from outside the nest. The 36 (large) are the soldier ants, responsible for defending the nest.
37 (find) out how good the various size-groups are at different tasks, the scientist measured the amount of work done by the ants against the amount of energy they used. He examined first the gathering and carrying of leaves. He selected one of the size groups, and then measured 38 efficiently these ants could find leaves and run back to the nest. Then he repeated the experiment for each of the other size groups. 39 this way he could see whether any group could do the job more efficiently than the group normally undertaking it.
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.
Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. transition B. increased C. independently D. impact E. aged F. public G. respectively H. crowded I. knot J. current K harder Many people would interpret “the American dream” as “living like an American”—— a two-story house with a white picket fence; a family with two cars; and two children.
However, the ___41___ economic situation is affecting the American way of life for 4.4 million people living in the US, according to new census data. “It?s going to have a long-term ____42 __ and to say it?s going to end is optimistic,” says Cheryl Russell, former editor-in-chief of American
Demographics magazine. “We?re just in the middle of a big ____43______.” So what is the new normal?
Marrying later. The average age of the first marriage has _44_ to 28 for men and 26.7 for women, up from 27.5 and 25.9 _45_ in 2006.
Fewer babies. There were 200,000 fewer babies among women _46_ 20 to 34 in 2010 compared with two years before. This was despite the fact that the number of women of childbearing age had gone up by more than 1 million.
Breaking up is __47__. The number of divorces has been falling for 25 years as people wait longer or choose to live together before tying the ___48__. There were about 65,000 fewer divorces in 2010 than in 2008, a 7 percent decrease.
___49___ living. Unemployment is forcing more people to live together. The number of households where people lived with “other relatives” climbed from 6.7 percent in 2006 to 7.2 percent in 2010.
Going __50__. Private school enrollment decreased from 13.6 percent in 2006 to 12.8 percent in 2010.
定语从句
1.正如今天报纸上所报道的那样，我们必须直面自己身上存在的问题。（as)
2.我常常想起我的一位朋友，过去我常常和他一起在这家公园散步。（whom)
3.频繁的自然灾害表明我们的生存环境正日益恶化，这提醒我们要行动起来保护我们的地球。（which)
4.这个组织已经筹集了一大笔钱，其中大部分将被用来为艾滋病人建立一个基金。（which)
5.宇航员必须学会处理既没有重力也没有引力的各种情况。（situation)
课时二
Some people think lost memories are impossible to regain, but, 51 , that is not true. A new research reveals that even facts “forgotten” by people during a busy day may be retrieved if this is followed by a good night?s sleep.
In the study, researchers from the University of Chicago asked 52 to remember simple words. Researchers, writing in the journal Nature, said the brain could “rescue” lost
memories during the night. Many found their memories 53 towards the end of the day, but the following morning, as the experiment has shown, those who had had a 54 sleep could recall much more.
The 12 people tested in the experiment were played words created through a speech synthesizer (合成器) which were purposely 55 to understand. Initially, the written version of the word was available, but afterwards the volunteers were asked to identify the word from the 56 version only. Tests revealed that as the day ended the ability to recall the right word tended to tail off. But in 57 , when the volunteers were retested after a good night?s sleep, they were able to recall some words that they had “forgotten” the previous evening.
Dr Daniel, one of the study authors, explained, “When the brain is first asked to remember something, that memory is laid down in an ?unstable? state, meaning that it is possible that it could be 58 . At some point, the brain consolidates (巩固) important things into a 59 state. However, it was possible for a “stable” memory to be made “unstable” again. This would mean that memories could be modified then filed away again 60 new experiences.”
“But, according to the experiment results, sleep consolidates memories and 61 them against subsequent interference or decay (衰退),” he added. “ 62 , sleep also appears to ?recover? or restore memories. If performance is reduced by decay, sleep might actively recover what has been lost.”
Dr Karim Nader, from the Department of Psychology in McGill University in
Montreal, said: “Memory research is undergoing a 63 — no longer is memory thought to be a hard-wiring of the brain. 64 , it seems to be a process of storage and clearance. Sleep helps some memories ?mature? and also 65 other unimportant memories.” 51. A. probably B. actually C. suddenly D. generally 52. A. volunteers B. sleepers C. scholars D. authors 53. A. putting them off B. turning them down C. getting them over D. letting them down
54. A. long B. restless C. sound D. light 55. A. complicated B. simple C. easy D. designed 56. A. printed B. audio C. copied D. sight 57. A. reality B. contrast C. trouble D. depth 58. A. employed B. regained C. altered D. lost 59. A. lasting B. limited C. dangerous D. critical
60. A. in memory of B. in terms of C. in face of D. in pursuit of 61. A. protects B. facilitates C. declares D. measures 62. A. Therefore B. However C. Besides D. Otherwise 63. A. transmission B. transformation C. transplant D. transportation 64. A. In other words B. Instead C. At the same time D. In one word 65. A. corrects B. stores C. releases D. deletes
Scientists have tried to come up with biological explanations for the difference between boys and girls.
However, none were believable enough to explain the general picture. As one scientist points out, “There are slight genetic differences between the sexes at birth which may affect the subjects boys and girls choose. But the difficulty is that by the time children reach school age, there are so many other effects that it is almost impossible to tell whether girls are worse at science and maths, or whether they?ve been brought up to think of these subjects as boys? ?territory?”.
Statistics show that in mathematics, at least, girls are equal to boys. A recent report suggests that girls only stop studying mathematics because of social attitudes. One of the reports? authors says, “While it is socially
unacceptable for people not to be able to read and write, it is still acceptable for women to say that they are ?hope-less? at maths. Our research shows that, although girls get marks which are as good as the boys, they have not been encouraged to do so.”
The explanation for the difference, which is very clear during the teenage years, goes as far back as early childhood experiences. From their first days in nursery school, girls are not encouraged to work on their own or to
complete tasks, although boys are. For example, boys and not girls, are often asked to ?help? with repair work. This encouragement leads to a way of learning how to solve problems later on in life. Evidence shows that
exceptional mathematicians and scientists did not have teachers who supplied answers; they had to find out for themselves.
A further report on maths teaching shows that teachers seem to give more attention to boys than to girls.
Most teachers who took part in the study admitted that they expect their male students to do better at mathematics and science subjects than their female students. All of this tends to encourage boys to work harder in these subjects, gives them confidence and makes them believe that they can succeed.
Interestingly, both boys and girls tend to regard such ?male? subjects like mathematics and science as difficult. Yet it has been suggested that girls avoid mathematics courses, not because they are difficult, but for social reasons.
Mathematics and science are mainly male subjects, and therefore, as girls become teenagers, they are less likely to take them up. Girls do not seem to want to be in open competition with boys. Neither do they want to do better than boys because they are afraid to appear less female and so, less attractive. (Note:Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)
81. According to scientific studies, girls can learn maths as well as boys if
82. Those who made extraordinary contributions in mathematics and science _
83. Why are boys favored over girls when it comes to mathematics and science? ___
84. What caused girls to give up mathematics courses? _______________________
课时三
Directions: Read the following passage. For some blanks there is a word given in the brackets. Fill in each of these blanks with the proper form of the given word. Fill in the other blanks with words that are correct in structure and proper in meaning.
(A)
Once there lived a rich man 31 wanted to do something for the people of his town. 32 first he wanted to find out whether they deserved his help. In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed 33 very large stone. Then he 34 (hide) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow.
Who put this stone in the centre of the road?”Said the old man, but he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed
around the stone and continued on his way. 35 man came along and did the same thing; then another came, and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove 36 . Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “The night 38 (be) very dark. Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.”
Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his strength 39 (move) it. How great was his surprise at last! 40 the stone, he found a bag of money.
(B)
The Internet is an amazing information resource. Students, teachers, and researchers use it as __31_ investigative tool. Journalists use it to find
information for stories. Doctors use it to learn more about unfamiliar diseases and the 32_ (late) medical development. Ordinary people use it for shopping, banking, bill-paying, and communicating with family and friends. People all over the world use it to connect with individuals from _33_ countries and cultures. However, __34____there are many positive
developments __35__ (associate) with the Internet, there are also certain fears and concerns. __36___ concern relates to a lack of control
over__37__ appears on the Internet. With television and radio there are editors to check the accuracy or appropriateness of the content of programs, and with television there are restrictions on what kinds of programs can __38__ (broadcast) and at what times of the day. _39_ the Internet, parents cannot check a published guide to determine what is suitable __40__ their children to see.