England is the largest and most developed of all the three political divisions. Area: more than 130,000 square kilometers which takes up nearly 60% of the whole island. Population: 47million(85%). Its importance is so great that some foreigners just say “England” when they mean Britain.
Section 4 Stuart Dynasty and The English Bourgeois Revolution
1) Descendent of Henry VII, cousin and successor of Elizabeth I.
2)Repressed both Catholics and Protestants, and maintained the “ivine Right of Kings”
3) Authorized a new translation of the Bible, generally called the King James Version. 4 His pro-Spanish foreign policy
5 Wisest fool: politically a fool, but he was well informed academically. He wrote a number of books on many subjects.
On 24 March 1603, as James I, he succeeded the last Tudor monarch, and then ruled England, Scotland and Ireland for 22 years until his death at the age of 58.
James achieved most of his aims in Scotland but faced great difficulties in England, including the in 1605 and repeated conflicts with the English Parliament
James’s taste for political absolutism（专制主义） his financial and established the foundation for the English Civil War.
The Gunpowder Plot
The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 was the most famous of the Catholic conspiracies.
On the eve of the state opening of the second session of James's first Parliament on 5 November 1605, a soldier named Guy Fawkes was discovered in the cellars of the parliament buildings guarding a pile of wood, not far from thirty-six barrels of gunpowder with which he intended to blow up Parliament House the following day and cause the destruction, But the plot was betrayed and Guy Fawkes was arrested. Guy Fawkes and his fellow-conspirators were all executed. The Gunpowder Plot was one of many unsuccessful assassination attempts against James I by blowing up the Houses of Parliament with gunpowder during the State Opening.
The immediate result was the execution of Fawkes and his fellow-conspirators and imposition of severe anti-Catholic laws. The long-term result has been an annual celebration of the failure of the plot on Nov. 5 each year, which is known as Bonfire Night, Fireworks Night, Cracker Night or Plot Night
James I
His repression against Puritans: The Gunpowder Plot reinforced James‘s oppression of non-conforming English Catholics. James I’s policy towards the Puritans was to “make them conform (to the Church of England) or harry (drive away) them from the land (England).” Many Puritans fled England for Holland. In 1620, a group of 102 English Puritans, known as Pilgrim Fathers, sailed from Plymouth to America in the ship named Mayflower.
Pilgrim Fathers: In 1620, a group of 102 independents had fled a political environment in England to preserve their religion. They sailed for the New