England is the largest and most developed of all the three political divisions. Area: more than 130,000 square kilometers which takes up nearly 60% of the whole island. Population: 47million(85%). Its importance is so great that some foreigners just say “England” when they mean Britain.
World aboard the ship Mayflower, landed in what is now Massachusetts of the United States and became known as the Pilgrim Fathers in American history. These Pilgrim Fathers laid the foundation of New England, the foundation of the United States of America.
Charles I (1600 – 1649)
king of England, Scotland and Ireland from Mar25 1625 until his execution in 1649. He was engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England. As he was an advocate of the Divine Right of Kings, many in England feared that he was attempting to gain absolute power. There was widespread opposition to many of his actions, especially the levying(征收)of taxes without Parliament's consent
Puritans
A major faction(派别)of the Independents and Separatists. They were called the puritans just because they wanted to purify the church of England by was guilty of the original sin committed by Adam and Eve; 2)all men were predestined; 3) the saving grace was a free gift of God and human beings egalitarian( 平等主义的) attitudes. To work hard, to economize and to accumulate wealth constituted the whole meaning of their lives.
The Petition of Right权利请愿书((1628 年由议会向英王查理 (Charles) 一世提出并获得承认的人权宣言)
Known as the Second Magna Carta. It forbade arbitrary arrest and imprisonment. It provided that no taxes be raised without consent of Parliament and no person be tried by martial law. It forbade billeting(驻扎) of soldiers in private houses so as to prevent the king from increasing his troops. The Petition of Right 1628 was produced by the English Parliament in the run-up前奏 to the English Civil War. It was addressed to Charles I of England in 1628 but is dated 1627 because it retroactively came into force from the start of the 1627 session of Parliament.
In enacting颁布 寻求解决办法on the following points: 1）Taxation without Parliament‘s consent ；2）Forced loans ；
3）Arbitrary arrest ；4) Imprisonment contrary to Magna Carta ；5）Arbitrary interference with property rights ；6）Lack of enforcement of habeas corpus 人身保护权；7）Forced billet兵舍of troops ；8）Imposition强迫接受of martial law 戒严令；9）Exemption免除 of officials from due process .
The King was under great financial pressure, and agreed in June to look into the “abuses”, but maintained his prerogative rights特权。
The English Civil War/English Bourgeois Revolution (1642-1652 )