※handkerchiefs(手帕),chiefs(领袖),roofs(屋顶)
◎名词字尾加en,ren
例:ox-oxen (公牛) child-children (小孩) ◎改变元音
例:man-men (男人) woman-women (女人) goose-geese (鹅)
tooth-teeth (牙齿) mouse-mice (老鼠)
◎单复数同形
例:fish-fish (鱼) deer-deer (鹿) sheep-sheep (绵羊) Chinese-Chinese (中国人) Japanese-Japanese(日本人)
3. 名词的所有格
◎单数名词→名词's
例:the boy's schoolbag (男孩的书包) Joan's dress (Joan的洋装) ◎复数名词→名词s'
例:a girls' school (一所女校) these students' teacher (这些学生的老师) ◎字尾非S的复数名词→名词's
例:children's playground (小孩的游乐园) women's activities (女性的活动)
◎共同所有格及个别所有格
共同所有格 名词 名词 ... 名词's
个别所有格 名词's 名词's ... 名词's
例:1. Harry and Bill's father is a scientist. (Harry和Bill的父亲是一位科学家。)
2. Harry's and Bill's fathers are scientists. (Harry和Bill的父亲都是科学家。)
◎(无)生物所有格:A的B→B of A
例:1. 桌子的脚
the legs of the table 2. 车门(车子的门)
the door of the car 3. 女孩的名字 the girl's name
the name of the girl
◎所有格之后的名词,如在句中非常容易理解时,可以省略。
例:1. She's going to the dentist's. (她要去看牙。)
2. I met him at barber's. (我在理发院遇到他。)
3. We like to eat lunch at McDonald's. (我们喜欢去麦当劳吃午餐。)
4. 冠词
冠词可分为不定冠词a(an)及定冠词the,它通常放在名词之前,用来修饰名词。