女孩一声不吭，坐进车里。很显然，她全身已经湿透了，冷得直打哆嗦。大学生伸手把放在后排座位的毛衣抓过来，递给那位可爱的乘客。
她笑了笑表示感谢，把毛衣披在肩膀上，告诉他那天晚上她必须赶回家看望父母。 这时候大学生才头一次注意到她的脸和手被刮伤了，流着血。当她注意到他在看她的伤口时，她解释说她的车子滑下公路，掉进沟里了。她在那里等了似乎几个小时，希望有人帮忙，但是没有人来，于是她决定走剩下的路回父母家。
大学生说他可以直接搭载她到父母家门口。虽然她脸上受伤，但他看得出来她很漂亮，年龄可能和他相当。她用手指着黑魆魆的前方，说她家就在前面几英里远的地方。
他正想鼓起勇气问她的姓名，她指向一条短短的小路旁边的房子，让他停车，然后她下了车。他坚持说他愿意送她到家门口，但是她已经跑进黑夜之中。他继续驱车前行，懊恼自己没有打听她的姓名。后来他记起她仍然穿着他的毛衣，他正可以以此为借口登门拜访，好正式结识她。 两天后，大学生上完下午的课，驱车赶到神秘女孩的家，敲开她家的门。他感到很奇怪，开门的是一位老太太，邀请他走进房子。他环顾四周，看到一位年轻漂亮姑娘的照片，于是询问老人她的孙女是否在家。
顺着大学生的目光看到照片，老人不禁潸然泪下。她说她亲爱的女儿还在往家赶。老人告诉他，四十多年前，她女儿死于一场交通事故。听到这些，大学生觉得难以置信。
他离开那位老人时，他断定老人是疯了。那天晚上搭便车的女孩不过十九岁，而且是活生生的一个人。
当他路过一片小小的墓地时，风中飘扬的东西吸引了他的目光。他走进墓地想看个究竟，发现他的毛衣披在一块墓碑上，碑文说明这是四十年前死去的年轻女孩的最后安息之地。 在过去的至少七十年间，类似上述搭便车幽灵的不同版本的故事在人们中流传。在许多地区，从不乏目击者说，他们曾经停车搭载过那个幽灵——总是一位可爱的年轻女孩——而且他们发誓这是真的。
二十世纪三十年代以来，芝加哥的玛丽一直在问司机搭便车，让司机感到害怕。据说玛丽是一位漂亮姑娘的鬼魂，她请求参加舞会的年轻人给她搭便车，送她回家。问题是，“家”最后总是一座公墓。有时，玛丽大胆地打开车门上车，向受惊的司机解释说她急需坐车到市里。当汽车驶近那座公墓时，玛丽跳下车，消失在公墓的大门里。
自1965年以来，英格兰梅德斯通市的蓝钟山上，许多司机不得不猛踩刹车，以免撞上一位站在路边的白裙飘飘的漂亮女子。据说这个幽灵是一位即将为挚友当伴娘的姑娘，在婚礼前夕死于车祸。她的魂灵仍然穿着飘逸的伴娘礼服，设法按时赶往婚礼。 搭便车的幽灵的故事在世界各地都曾有过报道，而且没有结束的迹象。数以百计的小车司机、卡车司机、出租车司机的“朋友的朋友”确实给幽灵搭过便车。除了作为都市传说，搭便车的幽灵也在提醒我们注意安全驾驶。最后，这种传说也许隐含着寓意。如果人人小心驾驶，那又是怎样一番情景，那些在车祸中失去至爱的人每想起这些就会痛苦万分。而他们本无需如此终身折磨自己。
Unit 5 Myths And Legends
Passage A Pandora’s Box
Teaching Design
1. The Structure of the Text
Passage A is a story of ancient Greece. It is a narrative. The story is told in time sequence.
Part One (Para. 1- Para. 2): Zeus decided to punish human beings for their lack of respect for
gods.
Part Two (Para. 3- Para. 5): The gods made a beautiful woman named Pandora and sent her as a
gift to Epimetheus with a box.
Part Three (Para. 6- Para.11): Pandora was curious about the contents of the box and opened it,
releasing all kinds of evils and hope as well.
2. The writing style of the passage: narrative writing
A narrative is the spoken or written account of events. It is a piece of writing that recreates
an experience through time. Stories add the element of time to description. Often stories start at the beginning and then follow the sequence of events chronologically. However, an effective variation on this pattern is to start in the middle of things and then use flashbacks to fill in the background information. This method is especailly effective in holding the reader's attention.
3. Suggestions to Teaching Activities
1) Brainstorming
The teacher may ask the students what famous characters in the Greek or Roman mythology they can think of, and what phrases are originated from it. 2) Oral Practice
The teacher can have the students retell the story in the first person. For example: Suppose you are Pandora, please tell the story of ―Pandora’s Box‖; Suppose you are Zeus, please tell the story of ―Pandora’s Box‖;
Suppose yor are Epimetheus, please tell the story of ―Pandora’s Box‖; or Suppose you are Prometheus, please tell the story of ―Pandora’s Box‖. 3) Role Play
The teacher may ask the students to put on a performance of the story.
Detailed Discussion of the Text
1. In ancient Greece there were two brothers named Epimetheus and Prometheus who upset the gods and annoyed Zues, the most powerful of them all, in particular. (Para. 1) 1) upset vt. to distress the mind or feelings of (sb.) 使苦恼或心烦 e.g.
What she saw at the poor village always upset her. 在那个贫穷的村庄的所见所闻令她感到难过。
He was upset at not being invited. 人家没邀请他，他很不痛快。
Don’t upset yourself. He will be fine soon. 不要难过，他很快就会好的。 2) annoy vt. to cause slight anger to (sb.); irritate使不悦；惹恼 e.g.
His constant complaints really annoyed me. 他总是抱怨，令我心烦。
He was annoyed by his son’s repeated requests for money. 他儿子总是跟他要钱，他很心烦。 3) in particular: especially or specifically尤其；特别 e.g.
The whole composition is well organized, but the introduction is excellent in particular. 整篇文章构思很好，引言部分特别精彩。
Is there anything in particular you would like to take with you? 你是否有特别想带走的东西？
2. This was not the first time humans had upset Zeus, and once before, as punishment, he had taken from humans the ability to make fire. (Para. 1)
humans had upset Zeus是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰time。主句是…is the first (second / third / last…) time时，定语从句一般用现在完成时；主句是…was the first (second / third / last…) time时，定语从句一般用过去完成时。 e.g.
He told me that was the third time he had seen the movie. 他告诉我那是他第三次看那部电影。
Is this the first time you’ve been here? 这是你第一次来这里吗？
3. This rendered humans unable to cook their meat or keep themselves warm. (Para. 1) Paraphrase: This makes humans not able to cook their meat or keep themselves warm. render vt. to cause to become; make 使得，使变为
to give sth. in return or exchange, or as sth. which is due 给予，报答
e.g.
Taking drugs has rendered him rather weak. 吸毒使他变得相当虚弱。
The participants were grateful to the services the volunteers rendered to them. 与会者非常感激志愿者为他们提供的服务。
We render full support to their just cause. 我们完全支持他们的正义事业。
4. However, Prometheus was clever and he knew that, on the Isle of Lemnos, lived Hephaestos, the blacksmith of the gods, who had an eternal fire burning to keep his forge hot. (Para. 2)
1) ―…on the Isle of Lemnos, lived Hephaestos…‖ 是倒装句。表示方向或方位的介词短语放在句首时，句子要部分倒装。如：
In front of the classroom building stands a pole with a red flag flying on the top.
当副词out, in, up, down, off, away, here, there放在句首，主语是名词时，句子要倒装。如： Out rushed the students when they heard the exciting news. 学生们听到那激动人心的消息时，全部冲了出去。
2) forge n. (workshop, factory, etc. with a) furnace for melting or refining metals 锻铁炉
v. 1) to shape (sth.) by heating it in a fire and hammering铸造
2) to create (usu. a lasting relationship) by means of much hard work 达成，使形成 3) to make an imitation or copy of (sth.) in order to deceive people 伪造 e.g.
forge a sword, a chain, an anchor etc. 锻造剑、铁链、锚等 forge a bond, a link, an alliance, etc. 建立同盟、联系、联盟等 forge a banknote, will, signture, etc. 伪造钞票、遗嘱、签字等
5. After Prometheus travelled to Lemnos and stole fire from Hephaestos, Zeus was furious and decided that humans had to be punished once and for all for their lack of respect. (Para. 2)
1) furious a. full of violent anger狂怒的，狂暴的 e.g.
She must be furious at your behavior. 她肯定对你的行为极为震怒。
When Obama found out about the incident, he was furious. 当奥巴马发现此事实情时，非常生气。
2) once and for all: now and for the last (and only time) e.g.
He has travelled a lot but he’s now come back to his hometown once and for all. 他游历了许多地方，现在落叶归根回到家乡。
6. Zeus came up with a very clever plan to punish the two brothers, and as a result, the rest of humanity. (Para. 3)
come up with: to find or produce (an answer, a solution, etc.) 提出，拿出 e.g.
What new idea have you come up with? 你有什么新想法？
The clever girl came up with a solution to the dispute. 那个聪明的女孩想到了解决争议的办法。
7. …but Epimetheus was completely charmed by the woman. (Para. 4) charm vt. to please, fascinate or attract (sb.); delight迷人；使欣喜
n. power of pleasing, fascinating or attracting people; attractiveness吸引力，魅力 e.g.
The young man was charmed by her beauty. 那位年轻人被她的美貌迷住了。 She is a woman of great charm. 她很迷人。
8. There was one tempting yet important condition…
tempt vt. 1) to persuade or try to persuade sb. to do sth. 引诱，诱惑 2) to arouse a desire in sb.; attract sb. 吸引 e.g.
He tried to tempt her into running away with him. 他企图引诱她和他私奔。
The warm weather tempted us into going for a walk in the park. 暖和的天气吸引我们到公园散步。
Word Formation: temptation n. 引诱，诱惑 resist the temptation 抵制诱惑 yield to the temptation向诱惑屈服
9. Pandora was naturally very curious about the contents of her mysterious gift but she swore that she would never attempt to discover the secrets inside. (Para. 5) 1) curious a. eager to know or learn 好奇的 e.g.
Children are always curious about everything around them. 小孩对周围的事情总是充满好奇。
I’m curious to know what excuse he’ll make this time. 我很好奇他这次会找什么借口。 2) attempt v. to make an effort to accomplish (sth.); to try (to do sth.) 努力；尝试；企图 n. an act of attempting sth. 努力；尝试；企图 e.g.
The prisoner attempted to escape from the jail, but failed. 那个囚犯企图越狱，但是没有成功。 Don’t attempt the impossible. 不要试图做不可能的事。
10. Pandora soon became obsessed with her wedding gift from the gods. (Para. 6) obsess vt. [usu. passive] fill the mind of (sb.) continually 迷住，使困扰 e.g.
She was obsessed with/by the fear of unemployment. 她老是害怕失业。
The fear of death obsessed him all through his old age. 他晚年一直受到死亡恐惧的困扰。 11. It seemed to make no sense at all, which caused her to reach a point where she could think of nothing else but of opening the box and revealing what she assumed would be the beauty and wonder within. (Para. 6)
Paraphrase: It seemed to be an unreasonable request, and it made her only think of opening and finding out the beauty and wonder which she thought to be within the box.
―which caused her to reach a point where she could think of nothing else but of opening the box and revealing what she assumed would be the beauty and wonder within‖ 是非限制性定语从句，在这个非限制性定语从句中，又嵌入由where引导的定语从句，修饰point，what引导宾语从句，revealing是宾语。
1) make sense: to have an understandable meaning; be sensible有道理；讲得通；有意义 e.g.
What you said makes no sense. 你说的话没有道理。
It doesn’t make sense to go to see a net friend alone. 独自一人去见网友并不明智。 2) reveal vt. to make (facts, etc.) known揭示；暴露 e.g.
Secrets will be revealed some day. 秘密总会被揭穿的。
The police refused to reveal the details of the crime. 警察拒绝透露犯罪的细节。 3) assume vt. 1) to accept (sth.) as true before there is proof 假定；设想 2) to begin to act in or exercise (sth.); to undertake 承担 e.g.
We can’t assume anything in this case. 在这种情况下我们不能做任何臆断。 Let’s assume that the two lines are parallel. 我们假定这两条线平行。
He assumed the new post after his father fell ill. 他父亲病倒后，他担任了这个新职位。 12. When Pandora could stand it no longer, and knew Epimetheus was out of sight, she crept up to her magnificent wedding present, took the key off the high shelf, fitted it carefully into the lock and turned it. (Para. 7)
out of sight: out of the range of being seen; invisible 看不见 in sight: in view; visible 看见 e.g.
The woman stood still, staring at the ship until it was out of sight. 女人静立在那里，凝望着轮船，直到看不见。
You must keep out of sight. 你要呆在别人看不见的地方。
13. After some debate between the young married couple, Epimetheus fortunately agreed that nothing left inside could be worse than what had already been released, so they opened the lid once more. (Para. 10)
release vt. to allow (a person or an animal) to go; to set free or liberate sb./sth. 释放 e.g.
The man was released after ten years’ imprisonment. 监禁十年后，那个人终于出狱了。 She gently released herself from his embrace. 她轻轻地挣脱了他的怀抱。
14. It flew out quietly like a beautiful dragonfly, touching the wounds created by the evil creatures, and healing them. (Para. 11)
touching…和healing…是现在分词短语做状语。 heal v. to (cause to) become healthy again 治愈；医治 e.g.
The wound soon healed up / over. 伤口很快愈合了。
The doctor healed a lot of patients of their diseases. 医生治好了许多病人的疾病。
Passage B The Legend of Abraham Lincoln’s Beard Background Knowledge
1. Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. He successfully led his country through its greatest internal crisis, the American Civil War, preserving the Union and ending slavery. Before his election in 1860 as the first Republican president, Lincoln had been a country lawyer, an Illinois state legislator, a member of the United States House of Representatives, and twice an unsuccessful candidate for election to the U.S. Senate. As an outspoken opponent of the expansion of slavery in the United States, Lincoln won the Republican Party nomination in 1860 and was elected president later that year. His tenure in office was occupied primarily with the defeat of the secessionist Confederate States of America in the American Civil War. He introduced measures that resulted in the abolition of slavery, issuing his Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and promoting the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution. Six days after the large-scale surrender of Confederate forces under General Robert E. Lee, Lincoln became the first American president to be assassinated. 2. Grace Greenwood Bedell Billings
Grace Greenwood Bedell Billings (November 4, 1848 – November 2, 1936) was an American woman, notable as the person who, as an eleven-year-old, influenced Abraham Lincoln to grow his famous beard.
On October 15, 1860, a few weeks before Lincoln was elected President of the United States, Grace Bedell sent him a letter from Westfield, New York, urging him to grow a beard to improve his appearance. Lincoln responded in a letter on October 19, 1860, making no promises. However, within a month, he grew a full beard. He later met with her.
This anecdote became a popular children's story following Lincoln's assassination. A statue depicting a meeting between Lincoln and Bedell is located in the center of the village of Westfield, at the intersection of US 20 and NY 394.
Bedell later married a Union veteran and moved to Delphos, Kansas, where she died in 1936.
3. The Philadelphia Inquirer
The Philadelphia Inquirer is a morning daily newspaper that serves the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, metropolitan area of the United States. The newspaper was founded by John R. Walker and John Norvell in June 1829 as The Pennsylvania Inquirer and is the third-oldest surviving daily newspaper in the United States. Owned by the local group Philadelphia Media
Holdings LLC, The Inquirer has the nineteenth largest average weekday U.S. newspaper circulation and has won eighteen Pulitzer Prizes.
Detailed Discussion of the Text
1. His fully whiskered profile is featured on the US penny and five dollar bill, the official White House portrait, and many paintings and photographs. (Para. 1) feature v. to give a prominent part to (sb./sth.) 由??主演 n. 1) distinctive characteristic; aspect 特色；特征
2) (in newspapers, television, etc.) special or prominent article or programme (about
sb./sth.) 特写；正片
e.g.
Yesterday we went to see a film that features the famous film star Arnold Schwarzenegger. 昨天我们去看著名影星阿诺得·斯瓦辛格主演的电影。
The store features round-the-clock service. 二十四小时服务是这家商店的特色。 Curiosity is a feature of children. 好奇是孩子们的一个特点。
These days the TV station is broadcasting a feature on migrant workers. 近来电视台正在播放一部农民工的专题片。
2. In fact, it wasn’t until shortly before he arrived in Washington D.C. to become the 16th US President that he began to grow his beard. (Para. 1)
―It wasn’t until … that …” is an emphatic sentence, emphasizing the clause ―until…‖. e.g.
It wasn’t until she went home that she found her cell phone was lost. 她回到家后才发现手机不见了。
It was not until he graduated from university that he regretted how much time he had wasted. 大学毕业后他才后悔浪费了多少时间。 3. As she put it, “your face is so thin.” (Para. 3) “as sb. puts it…‖ means ―just as sb. says…‖. e.g.
As my teacher often puts it, ―Experience is wealth.‖ 正如我的老师经常说的，“经验是财富。” 4. This was an important point for her grassroots campaign effort on Lincoln’s behalf. (Para. 5) on sb’s behalf/in sb’s behalf: as the representative of or spokesman for sb.; in the interest of sb.
代表某人
e.g.
I would like to extend our warm welcome to all the guests on behalf of our company. 我谨代表本公司向各位嘉宾表示热烈的欢迎。
The legal guardian must act on behalf of the child. 法定监护人应该维护这个孩子的利益。 5. Not all of her brothers planned to vote for Lincoln, but she informed him… (Para. 5) inform vt. to give sb. knowledge (of sth.); to tell sb. (~ of/about) 通知，告诉 e.g.
Please inform me of what has happened. 请告诉我发生了什么事情。
The villager informed the police that the suspect had run into the woods. 那位村民告诉警察嫌疑犯跑到树林里去了。
6. We can only imagine the smile that must have appeared on Lincoln’s face upon reading this bit of campaign advice from a concerned young supporter. (Para. 7)
―upon reading‖ means ―when he read…‖. Here ―upon‖ can be replaced by ―on‖. e.g.
The 21-year-old girl cried with joy upon hearing the news that she won the championship. 那位二十一岁的女孩听到自己赢得冠军的消息时，不禁喜极而泣。
On his arrival, the president called in all the members of the board to discuss the problems the company faced. 总裁一到，就召集董事会所有成员讨论公司所面临的问题。
7. As to the whiskers, having never worn any, do you not think people would call it a piece of silly affection if I were to begin it now? (Para. 7) having never worn any是现在分词作状语，表示原因。…people would call it a piece of silly affection if I were to begin it now是虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的假设。其中条件句表示假设，要用虚拟语气。
假设 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 从句 did /were had done 主句 would/should/could/might +do would/should/could/might +have done 与将来事实可能相反 did /were 或should+do would/should/could/might +do 或were to+do
e.g.
When I was in London, I would have visited him if I had known his address. 我在伦敦时，如果知道他的住址，我就会去拜访他了。
If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would have to be canceled. 明天如果下雨，我们的野炊只好取消。
If I were you, I would not make such a friend. 我要是你的话，就不会交这样的朋友。 8. …Lincoln could step out of his car and address the crowds. (Para. 8)
address vt. to make a speech to (a person or an audience), esp. formally向??致辞，演说 to direct (a remark or written statement) to sb./sth. 提出 e.g.
They will invite the scientist to adress the meeting. 他们将邀请那位科学家在会议上讲话。 Please address all complaints to the manager. 一切意见均请向经理提出。
9. I am glad to see you; I suppose you are to see me; but I certainly think I have the best of the bargain. (Para. 9)
Paraphrase: I am glad to see you, and I suppose you are also glad to see me. But I am sure I get more from you than you get from me.
have the best of the bargain意为获得最大的好处。这里林肯是幽默地将自己看到大家的喜悦之情与大家看到自己感受到的喜悦之情相比，认为自己赚了。
Passage C Phantom hitchhikers Background Knowledge
1. Chicago’s Resurrection Mary
Chicago’s Resurrection Mary is the Chicago area's best-known ghost story. Of the \hitchhiker\type, the story takes place outside Resurrection Cemetery in Justice, Illinois, a few miles southwest of Chicago.
Since the 1930s, several men driving northeast along Archer Avenue between the Willowbrook Ballroom and Resurrection Cemetery have reported picking up a young female hitchhiker. This young woman is dressed somewhat formally and said to have light blond hair, blue eyes, and wearing a white party dress. There are other reports that she wore a thin shawl, dancing shoes, that she carried a small clutch purse, and/or that she was very quiet. When the driver nears the Resurrection Cemetery, the young woman asked to be let out, whereupon she disappeared into the cemetery. According to the Chicago Tribune, \ghost hunter\Richard Crowe has collected \the present. 2. Maidstone
Maidstone is the county town of Kent, England, 32 miles (51 km) south-east of London. The River Medway runs through the centre of the town linking Maidstone to Rochester and the Thames Estuary. Historically, the river was a source and route for much of the town's trade. Maidstone was the centre of the agricultural county of Kent, known as the Garden of England. There is evidence of a settlement in the area dating back to beyond the Stone Age.
The town is within the borough of Maidstone. In 2001, the town had a population of 138,959.
Maidstone's economy has changed over the years from being involved in much heavy industry: now light industry predominates; and to more service industries. 3. Blue Bell Hill
Blue Bell Hill (sometimes, incorrectly, Bluebell Hill) is a chalk hill between Maidstone and Rochester in the English county of Kent. It overlooks the River Medway and is part of the North Downs. Settlements on the hill include Walderslade; and Blue Bell Hill and Kit's Coty villages. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries much of the hill was quarried for chalk.
Detailed Discussion of the Text
1. A college student was driving on a lonely country road late one rainy night when he was startled to see a young woman walking along the road. (Para. 1)
startle v. to give a sudden shock or surprise to (a person or an animal) 使某人吃惊 e.g.
I was startled to hear the news that over 100 miners were killed in the coal mine blast and that my husband was one. 听到一百多名矿工死于煤矿爆炸，而我的丈夫正是其中一个的消息，我非常吃惊。
You startled me—I didn’t expect you would come. 你吓我一跳，我没想到你会来。
2. The student then for the first time noticed that her face and hands were scratched and bleeding. (Para. 4)
1) scratch v. to make marks on or in (a surface) with a sharp tool, nails, claws, etc. 擦，刮；抓痕，擦伤 e.g.
She must be crazy. She scratched everyone who passed by. 她一定是疯了，抓伤每一个路过的
人。
The dog is scratching at the door. 狗正在抓门。 2) bleed v. to lose or emit blood 流血 e.g.
The wounded driver was not saved promptly and bled to death. 受伤的司机没有得到及时救治，流血而死。
Look, your leg is bleeding. 瞧，你的腿在流血。
Tens of thousands of people bled for the freedom of the whole nation. 成千上万的人为了民族的自由而流血牺牲。
3. He protested that he would be happy to drive her the rest of the way… (Para. 6)
protest v. to express strong disagreement or disapproval about (sth.) 抗议；对（某事物）提出异议 e.g.
They are holding a rally to protest against the government’s foreign policies. 他们正举行集会抗议政府的外交政策。
People gathered around the U.S. embassy to protest the mistreatment of war prisoners. 人们聚集在美国使馆周围抗议该国的虐囚行为。
4. That would be his excuse to drive back to her parents' home and formally make her acquaintance. (Para. 6)
acquaintance n. a person whom one knows but who is not a close friend 相识，熟人 v. (often slight) knowledge of sth./sb. 认识，了解 e.g.
I have only a little acquaitance with the Japanese language. 我稍微会一点日语。 She is an old acquaintance of mine. 我早就认识她了。
make sb’s acquaintance: to get to know sb.; to meet sb. personally e.g.
I made his acquaintance in a sympossium. 我是在一个研讨会上认识他的。
5. The above account of a phantom hitchhiker has been told and retold with variations for at least the past 70 years. (Para. 11)
Paraphrase: The story of the above phantom hitchhiker has been told and retold for at least the past 70 years, though there are different versions of the story.
6. In many areas, there are no shortages of witnesses who say that they themselves have stopped to pick up the ghost—nearly always a lovely young woman—and they swear that their encounter is true. (Para. 11)
1) witness n. person who sees an event take place (and is therefore able to describe it to others) 目击者
v. to be present at (sth.) and see it 目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历 e.g.
The police have to protect the safety of the witnesses. 警察必须保护证人的安全。
The polce are looking for witnesses of the traffic accident. 警察正在寻找车祸的目击证人。 We were lucky to witness the most important scientific development of the century. 我们有幸亲身经历了本世纪最重要的科学进展。
2) swear vt. to say or promise (sth.) very seriously, definitely or solemnly 发誓 to use rude or blasphemous words in anger, surprise, etc.; curse 诅咒
e.g.
I swear that I have never seen him before. 我发誓我以前从没见过他。
The foreman is always swearing at the workers. 那工头总是对工人骂骂咧咧。
3) encounter v. to meet or find oneself faced by (sth./sb. unpleasant, dangerous, difficult, etc.) 遇到（不愉快的，危险的，困难的事/人）
n. sudden or unexpected (esp. hostile) meeting 遭遇，冲突 e.g.
She encountered many difficulties when she started her own business. 她开始创业时遇到很多困难。
The squad encountered the enemy on the way. 小分队在路上遭遇了敌人。
She had a brief encounter with an angry customer. 她和一位生气的顾客一时发生了冲突。 7. On occasion, Mary has been bold enough to open car doors and get in, explaining to the startled driver how she badly needs a ride into the city. (Para. 12) on occasion: now and then; whenever there is need 偶尔 e.g.
On occasion, she went to see her grandparents in the countryside. 她偶尔到乡下去看望祖父母。
8. Once again, as the car approaches the cemetery, Mary jumps down from the car and disappears at the gates. (Para. 12)
approach v. to come near or nearer to 接近，靠近 n. act of approaching 接近
way of dealing with a person or thing 方法，步骤 e.g.
The Spring Festival is approaching; every family is busy decorating their homes. 春节就要到了，家家户户都在忙着装饰家里。
When he approached, the children ran away at once. 他一走近，孩子们就马上跑开了。 At his approach the children ran away at once. 他一走近，孩子们就马上跑开了。 They are trying a new approach to English teaching. 他们正在尝试新的英语教学法。
9. Stories of phantom hitchhikers have been reported around the world and show no signs of ceasing. (Para. 15)
cease v. to come or bring (sth.) to an end; stop 终止，停止 e.g.
The general ordered the army to cease fire. 将军命令军队停火。
The factory has ceased making this model of TV sets. 工厂已经停止生产这种型号的电视机。
10. In a very real sense, those who lose loved ones in automobile accidents are unnecessarily haunted for the rest of their lives by the painful thought of what might have been if only people took care to drive responsibly. (Para. 15)
This is a complex sentence. The main clause is ―…those …are unnecessarily haunted …by the painful thought…‖. ―who lose loved ones in automobile accidents‖ is an attributive clause, modifying ―those‖, ―of what might have been if only people took care to drive responsibly‖ is a prepositional phrase, modifying ―the …thought‖, and ―what might have been if only people took care to drive responsibly‖ is in subjunctive mood.
haunt v. to return repeatedly to the mind of (sb.) 萦绕在??心头
(of ghosts) to visit (a place) regularly （鬼魂）经常出没于 e.g.
The beautiful melody often haunts me. 那支美丽的曲调经常萦绕在我的心头。 It is said that a ghost often haunts the castle. 据说那座城堡经常闹鬼。
Key to the Exercises
Section A
Warming-up Activities
II. Discussions: 2. 1）特洛伊木马 2）阿喀琉斯之踵 3）斯芬克斯之谜
4）珀涅罗珀的织物；拖延的策略；永远做不完的工作 5）鳄鱼的眼泪；假慈悲
6）别有用心的礼物；危险的礼物 7）达摩克利斯之剑 8）橄榄枝
Exercises
II. Reading Comprehension
1. 1) stole fire from the blacksmith 2) sent her as a gift to Epimetheus 3) terrible evils
4) fine silks, gowns, gold necklaces or even piles of gold coins 5) all the evils
2. 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) F 7) T 8) F III. Vocabulary and Structure
1. 1) prisoner 2) trigger 3) bomb 4) details 5) record 2. 1) spaceship宇宙飞船 2) bookworm书呆子 3) girlfriend女朋友 4) motherland祖国 5) headfirst头朝下 6) milkman送奶人 7) halfway中途
3. 1)distress 2) demands 3) determined 4) dressed 5) comforted 6) princess 7) dragon 8) afraid 9) unable 10) strength 4. 1) he had made the same mistake 2) I have been treated like that
3) lives a mysterious man in his fifties 4) stands a magnificent palace 5) came the president 6) flew the bird
IV. Translate the following sentences into English, using the expressions in
brackets.
1. My younger sister likes reading novels, detective stories in particular. 2. Who has come up with such a clever idea? 3. He is a child who is curious about everything. 4. I don’t think your explanation makes sense at all.
5. Nothing but competition can make him full of energy. 6. She opened the cage and let out the bird.
Section B
Reading Skills
1. A text written mainly to entertain 2. Informational writing 3. Persuasive writing
Exercises
I. Reading Comprehension
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. C
II．Vocabulary and Structure
1. 1) divine 2) named 3) Whereas 4) spirits 5) expresses 6) role 7) embodied 8) feature 9) balance 10) direction 2. 1) It was not until his wife left him 2) In addition to your resume 3) on behalf of our company 4) As our teacher puts it 5) As to the matter 6) bidding us good-bye
7) take his promise seriously 8) was blushing
Section C
I. Reading Comprehension
1. late one rainy night
2. were scratched and bleeding 3. get up his courage
4. He drove to the girl’s home.
5. had been killed in an automobile accident 6. It serves as a warning to drive safely.
II. Test Zone
1. 1) A 2) C 3) B 4) A 5) D 6) A 7) B 8) D 11) B 12) A 13) B 14) A 15) B 16) D 17) A 18) A 2. 1) A 改成Compared 2) D改成that
3) C改成from/than 4) C改成that 5) B改成surprise 6) C改成who
Section D
Writing & Translation
9) B 10) D 20) C 19) A
I. Writing---Resume
(reference answer)
Resumé Name: Meili Lin Address: No. 4088 Xueyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing 100083 Home Phone: (010) 82234651 Job Objective: To work as an accountant at a firm in Beijing Skills: Especially skilled at accounting related work Excellent oral and written English Work Experience: March 2006-Present Junior Accountant, Dong Fang Manufacturing Company, Beijing Responsible for account analysis and payroll Education: 2005.9-2008.7 Master of Professional Accountancy, Boston University, Massachusetts 2001.9-2005.7 Department of Accounting, Renmin University Honors: International Academy of Accounting Scholarship, 2004 References: Available on request
II. Translation
【参考译文】
初 雪
初雪飘然而至。如此美丽！整日整夜漫山遍野悄然飘落，落在生者的屋顶上，落在死者的坟墓上。
白雪皑皑中，只有河流在美丽的风景中描出一道弯弯曲曲的墨线。叶儿落光的树，在铅灰色天宇的映衬之下，枝桠繁复，更显得仪态万千。雪落无声，如此宁谧，如此幽静。万籁俱寂，一切的嘈杂喧闹都已变得如音乐般温婉。马蹄声寂，车轮声消，只有雪橇的铃声婉转悠扬，轻捷明快如孩子们心房的欢跳。
Translation of the Text Passage A
潘多拉盒子
古希腊有两兄弟，名叫厄庇米修斯和普罗米修斯。他们惹恼了众神，特别是众神之首宙
斯。这不是人类第一次惹怒宙斯，作为惩罚，宙斯也曾经剥夺过人类取火的能力，使人类无法用火来烹饪食物和取暖。
然而，普罗米修斯很聪明，他知道在利姆诺斯岛上住着铁匠赫菲斯托斯，他用来锻造铁器的炉火终年不息。普罗米休斯来到岛上，从铁匠那里偷取火种。宙斯认为这是人类对众神的极大不敬，非常震怒，决定彻底地惩罚人类。
宙斯想出一个非常狡猾的计划来惩罚这兄弟俩，作为结果，也将惩罚全人类。在赫菲斯托斯的帮助下，宙斯把土和水混在一起捏了一个女人。女神雅典娜向泥人吹气，赋予她生命，阿芙罗狄蒂赋予她美貌，赫耳墨斯教她如何施展魅力和骗人。宙斯给她取名为潘多拉，把她作为礼物送给厄庇米修斯。
他的兄弟普罗米修斯告诫他不要接受来自众神的礼物，但是他完全被这个女人迷住了，认为潘多拉如此美貌，不会带来任何伤害，最终同意和她结婚。
宙斯很高兴他的阴谋开始得逞，于是开始实施下一步复仇计划。他送给潘多拉一件结婚礼物——一个非常漂亮的盒子。但是，他提出一个诱人的重要的附带条件，那就是她永远不能打开盒子。潘多拉自然很想知道神秘礼物是什么，但是她发誓永远不揭开盒子的秘密。
潘多拉很快对众神送的诱人的结婚礼物着了迷。她实在想不通，为什么送给她礼物又不让她好好地享受礼物呢？这似乎说不过去。她整天想啊想，只想着打开盒子，看看里面有什么奇珍异宝。她不知道这正是宙斯的计谋所在。
最后，潘多拉实在按捺不住了。当厄庇米修斯不在的时候，她爬上放置华丽盒子的地方，从架子上拿下钥匙，小心地插进锁眼，转动钥匙。但是，在最后一刻，她突然感到内疚，想象着她丈夫会多么生气。于是，她没有揭开盖子，迅速锁上盒子，把钥匙放回原处。如此重复了三次之后，她知道她必须目睹盒子里面的礼物，否则她会发疯的。
她拿出钥匙，把它插进锁眼。她深吸一口气，闭上眼睛，揭开盖子。她慢慢睁开一只眼睛，又睁开另一只眼睛，凝视着盒子，希望看到精美的丝绸，闪闪发光的金项链，甚至成堆的金币。
但是里面并没有金银珠宝的痕迹。没有闪光的金项链，也没有漂亮的衣服。她脸上的激动很快变成了失望，然后当她发现盒子里装满了宙斯所能想得到的全部邪恶的时候，失望更变成了恐惧。疾病和贫穷从盒子里涌出。悲惨出来了，死亡和悲伤也出来了。所有这些看起来就像是嗡嗡叫个不停的小飞蛾。
这些虫子不停地叮咬潘多拉，于是她把盖子合上。厄庇米修斯跑进房间，看看她为什么哭得这么伤心。潘多拉听到盒子里仍有个模糊的声音在悲伤地向她呼唤，请求把它放出来。幸运的是，这对年轻的夫妇经过一番争论之后，厄庇米修斯表示同意，再也没有什么比已经被释放出来的邪恶更可怕的东西了，于是他们又一次掀开了盖子。
给人类带来福祉的是，剩下来仍锁在里面的只是希望。它像一只美丽的蜻蜓，翩翩飞出盒子，抚摸那些被邪恶的虫子叮咬的伤口，伤口就愈合了。潘多拉把痛苦和苦难释放到了世界上，但是她也让具有疗伤能力的希望接踵而至。
Passage B
林肯的胡子
满脸胡须是我们最容易想到的亚伯拉罕·林肯最著名的形象。他的络腮胡子的形象出现在美国一美分硬币和五美元钞票，白宫的肖像画，以及难以胜数的图画和照片上。但是，很少有人记起林肯一生中的大部分时间里几乎没有留胡子。事实上，直到林肯去华盛顿就任美国第十六任总统前不久，他才开始蓄胡子。那么，林肯为什么蓄下现已闻名于世的胡子呢？ 亚伯拉罕·林肯身高约193公分，迄今为止是美国有史以来最高的总统。除了身高，亚伯身材纤瘦细长。按当今的标准，他这种身材和长满雀斑的脸一点都不迷人。而在1860年，
至少有一位住在纽约市威斯菲尔德区的十一岁女孩为他的这个形象担心。
1860年秋天，离当年的总统选举还有五个星期，林肯收到一封来自格雷斯·伯德尔的信。在信中，她告诉林肯她非常敬佩他，她父亲和几个哥哥打算投林肯的票。但是，她认为林肯的当选还有个障碍，她写道：“你的脸太瘦了。” 她认为，如果林肯蓄胡子，“会好看多了”。在年轻的格雷斯·伯德尔看来，胜败攸关的绝非只是相貌英俊。小伯德尔担心林肯的外形可能会影响他在大选中获胜。她劝告林肯，“所有女士都喜欢络腮胡子，她们会求她们的丈夫给你投票，你就会当选为总统。” 这是她作为普通民众为林肯的总统竞选所作的一次重要的努力。她的哥哥并不是全部打算投林肯的票，但是她告诉林肯：“如果你留胡子，我会努力让我的其他哥哥也投你的票。”然后，她结束她的信，只写了句：“我得停笔了，马上给我回信。再见。” 伯德尔显示出同龄人中少见的敏感，她明白林肯那时候肯定忙得不可开交。在信的前面，她问林肯：“你有像我一样大的女儿吗？如果有，请代我问候她们。如果你无法回信，请让她给我回信。”
对于林肯在读到这条来自一位年幼的支持者的竞选建议时脸上不由得露出的笑容，我们只能想象了。1860年10月19日，总统候选人亚伯拉罕·林肯给格雷斯·伯德尔写回信： 格雷斯·伯德尔小姐，我亲爱的小女士： 非常高兴收到你15日令人欣喜的来信。很遗憾地告诉你我没有女儿。我有三个儿子，大儿子17岁，二儿子9岁，小儿子7岁。他们和他们的母亲组成了我的家庭。至于胡子，我以前从没留过。如果我现在开始留胡子，难道你不认为人们会说这有点傻吗？ 你的诚挚的祝福者
A．林肯
然而，这并非故事的结局。当选总统后，林肯从家乡伊利诺斯州的斯普林菲尔德市乘坐火车去华盛顿任职。火车在沿途不时停下来，以便林肯可以下车向聚集的民众发表讲话。一位《费城问询者》记者随同当选总统及其家人，以及其他新闻记者在火车上，这位记者在1861年2月20日发表的一篇文章中写道： “在威斯菲尔德，林肯先生说：‘我很高兴见到你们；我相信你们也是一样；不过我觉着你们见到我肯定是更高兴一些。（鼓掌声。）大约三个月前，我收到了这里一位年轻女士写来的信。信写得很好，她建议我留胡子，因为这样可以使我看起来更英俊一点。我现在蓄起了胡子，这一部分的原因是遵照她的建议。如果她现在在这里，我想要见她。我想她的名字是巴利小姐。’一个爬在一根柱子上的男孩，睁大眼睛，张开嘴大喊道：‘她在那里，林肯先生。’他指向一个眼睛黑亮的漂亮女孩，女孩满脸通红。总统走下车厢，人群让出一条路，他走到女孩身边，亲了她几下，衷心地表示感谢，然后在人们激动的欢呼声中，他向她道别。于是我们继续前进。”
今天，在纽约的威斯菲尔德，耸立着林肯的雕像，离林肯雕像大约一米的地方，面对着他的是十一岁女孩格雷斯·伯德尔的雕像。
按林肯的话，至少一部分的原因是出于格雷斯·伯德尔的建议，他才蓄上了世界上最有名的胡子之一。我们不知道是否该相信这件事，因为林肯喜欢对自己与众不同的相貌开些玩笑。但是，在改变历史的面貌方面，这位小女孩似乎发挥了一定作用。
Passage C
搭便车的幽灵
在一个很晚的雨夜里，一位大学生正驱车在一条偏僻的乡间小路上，突然他吃惊地发现一位年轻姑娘正沿着公路往前走。他立即停下车，顷身打开副驾驶座旁边的车门，问她是否想搭顺路车。
女孩一声不吭，坐进车里。很显然，她全身已经湿透了，冷得直打哆嗦。大学生伸手把放在后排座位的毛衣抓过来，递给那位可爱的乘客。
她笑了笑表示感谢，把毛衣披在肩膀上，告诉他那天晚上她必须赶回家看望父母。 这时候大学生才头一次注意到她的脸和手被刮伤了，流着血。当她注意到他在看她的伤口时，她解释说她的车子滑下公路，掉进沟里了。她在那里等了似乎几个小时，希望有人帮忙，但是没有人来，于是她决定走剩下的路回父母家。
大学生说他可以直接搭载她到父母家门口。虽然她脸上受伤，但他看得出来她很漂亮，年龄可能和他相当。她用手指着黑魆魆的前方，说她家就在前面几英里远的地方。
他正想鼓起勇气问她的姓名，她指向一条短短的小路旁边的房子，让他停车，然后她下了车。他坚持说他愿意送她到家门口，但是她已经跑进黑夜之中。他继续驱车前行，懊恼自己没有打听她的姓名。后来他记起她仍然穿着他的毛衣，他正可以以此为借口登门拜访，好正式结识她。 两天后，大学生上完下午的课，驱车赶到神秘女孩的家，敲开她家的门。他感到很奇怪，开门的是一位老太太，邀请他走进房子。他环顾四周，看到一位年轻漂亮姑娘的照片，于是询问老人她的孙女是否在家。
顺着大学生的目光看到照片，老人不禁潸然泪下。她说她亲爱的女儿还在往家赶。老人告诉他，四十多年前，她女儿死于一场交通事故。听到这些，大学生觉得难以置信。
他离开那位老人时，他断定老人是疯了。那天晚上搭便车的女孩不过十九岁，而且是活生生的一个人。
当他路过一片小小的墓地时，风中飘扬的东西吸引了他的目光。他走进墓地想看个究竟，发现他的毛衣披在一块墓碑上，碑文说明这是四十年前死去的年轻女孩的最后安息之地。 在过去的至少七十年间，类似上述搭便车幽灵的不同版本的故事在人们中流传。在许多地区，从不乏目击者说，他们曾经停车搭载过那个幽灵——总是一位可爱的年轻女孩——而且他们发誓这是真的。
二十世纪三十年代以来，芝加哥的玛丽一直在问司机搭便车，让司机感到害怕。据说玛丽是一位漂亮姑娘的鬼魂，她请求参加舞会的年轻人给她搭便车，送她回家。问题是，“家”最后总是一座公墓。有时，玛丽大胆地打开车门上车，向受惊的司机解释说她急需坐车到市里。当汽车驶近那座公墓时，玛丽跳下车，消失在公墓的大门里。
自1965年以来，英格兰梅德斯通市的蓝钟山上，许多司机不得不猛踩刹车，以免撞上一位站在路边的白裙飘飘的漂亮女子。据说这个幽灵是一位即将为挚友当伴娘的姑娘，在婚礼前夕死于车祸。她的魂灵仍然穿着飘逸的伴娘礼服，设法按时赶往婚礼。 搭便车的幽灵的故事在世界各地都曾有过报道，而且没有结束的迹象。数以百计的小车司机、卡车司机、出租车司机的“朋友的朋友”确实给幽灵搭过便车。除了作为都市传说，搭便车的幽灵也在提醒我们注意安全驾驶。最后，这种传说也许隐含着寓意。如果人人小心驾驶，那又是怎样一番情景，那些在车祸中失去至爱的人每想起这些就会痛苦万分。而他们本无需如此终身折磨自己。