实用航海业务英语（口语会话部分）
第三课：ENTERING HARBOUR Key Sentences:
1. How many shackles in water? 2. Is your engine ready? 3. Heave away anchor.
4. We have to swing around. 5. Weigh anchor.
6. The chain is leading forward.
7. How about your steering gear and rudder indicator? 8. Your sea speed and harbour speed, please? 9. Hard - a – starboard (port)! 10. Slow ahead (astern)! 11. Midships!
12. Ease her (the wheel)!
13. Make sure nothing to starboard (port)!
14. Please have men stationed on the forecastle for look-out. 15. What range is the radar set to?
16. Shall we get alongside or moor to buoys? 17. Where are we going to secure the tug? 18. Let go port anchor, two shackles on deck. 19. Please send the heaving line ashore. 20. Let go everything. Text
1. Inquiries
Capt: How do you do, Mr. Pilot?
Pilot: How do you do, Captain? I’m Olanga, the Bay Pilot. We’ll enter the harbour now. How many shackles in water? Capt: Seven shackles. P: Is your engine ready?
C: Yes, my engine is at “Stand-by”.
P: Heave away the anchor and leave one shackle in water, we have to swing around. C: All right. Weigh anchor and leave one shackle in water. P: How is the chain leading now?
C: It’s leading straight forward and it will be up in a moment.
P: That’s fine. While we are waiting here, Captain, please fill up the Pilotage Form and ask your crew to take down Letter G, hoist Letter H on portside, and on starboardside put up three signal flags: first “First Substitute”, second “N”, then “Second Substitute”.
C: O.K., quartermaster, please hoist signal flags, First Substitute, N, and Second
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Substitute in order. Mr Pilot, here you are, the Pilotage Form.
P: Thank you. Now please tell me your drafts fore and aft, and length over-all.
C: The drafts are eight point five metres forward and ten point tree metres aft. We have an over-all length of one hundred thirty-four point five metres. P: What type of engine have you got?
C: We’ve got a diesel engine, MAN/84170.
P: How about your steering gear and rudder indicator?
C: The rudder answers well and the rudder indicator is in good working condition. P: Any errors on your gyro-compass? C: Yes, about two degrees east.
P: Your sea speed and harbour speed, please?
C: Come on, you can see the table there. Sea Speed: full ahead, fifteen knots; dead slow ahead, seven knots; Harbour Speed: full ahead, twelve knots; dead slow ahead, five knots;
P: That’s good, and how many revolutions does your propeller make at full speed? C: Sea speed, 110, manoeuvring speed, 95.
P: How long will it take to reverse your engine from full ahead to full astern? C: Less than 20 seconds. P: Oh, not too slow, is it?
C: Now Mr. Pilot , the anchor is up and clear.
P: Fine, please stand-by port anchor, we’ll probably use it when getting alongside. Shall we go now? C: Why not!
(to be continued)
Additional Expressions
The port is congested so you have to lie at anchor here for several days. 港内很拥挤， 你轮需在这里抛几天锚。 We have to wait here till the tide floods. We have to wait here till flood tide. 我们要在这里等候涨潮。
We have to wait here for the lock gates to open. 我们要在这里等闸门开放。
How is the rudder? (How is the steering?) 舵怎样？ （舵灵吗？）
How (does the ship) answer (her rudder)? 舵灵吗？
Answers well (all right). 舵很灵。
Answers very slow. 反应很慢。 No answer. 没有反应。
No steerage.(No steering.)
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舵不灵。
Answers back. 反转。
Starboard rudder all right but port a bit sluggish. 右舵正常，左舵来得有点迟缓。
The ship is sluggish in answering her port rudder but all right starboard. 左舵反应迟缓，但是右舵正常。
Large angles all right but small very sluggish.
大舵角时，舵来得正常； 小舵角时， 舵来得很迟缓。
The ship is quick to answer large rudder angles but slow small angles. 大舵角，反应很快，但是小舵角，反应很慢。 What’s wrong with the steering gear? 操舵装置有什么毛病？
Any errors on your steering compass? 操舵罗经有误差吗？
Any errors on your steering gear? 操舵装置有误差吗？
2．Helm and Telegraph Orders
P: Hard-a-starboard! Slow ahead! Q/M: (Reply:) Hard-a-starboard!
(Report:) Wheel’s Hard-a-starboard! 3/O: (Reply:) Slow ahead!
(Report:) Engine’s Slow ahead! P: Thank you. Midships! Q/M: Midships!
Wheel’s Midships!
P: Fine, what course are you steering? Q/M: Course One Two Three! P: Course One Two Five! Q/M: Course One Two Five!
One One O ┅ One One five ┅ One Two O ┅ Course One Two Five! (course laid down!)
P: Steady as she goes. Full ahead! 3/O: Full ahead!
Engine’s Full ahead!
P: Captain, the light vessel on our starboard beam 2 miles off. Starboard ten! Q/M: Starboard ten!
Wheel’s Starboard ten! P: Steady! Q/M: Steady!
P: Ease her! Midships! Q/M: Midships!
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Wheel’s Midships!
P: Make sure nothing to starboard. Q/M: Nothing to starboard.
C: Mind the boat ahead of us, Mr. pilot.
P: Certainly. That boat is crossing our head to starboard. Port fifteen! Q/M: Port fifteen!
Wheel’s Port fifteen! P: Port more! Half ahead! 3/O: Half ahead!
Engine is Half ahead!
Q/M: Wheel is now Port twenty. P: Hard-a-port! Q/M: Hard-a-port!
Wheel’s Hard-a-port! P: Ease the wheel! Q/M: Ease the Wheel! Wheel is eased!
P: Look! Captain, there is an out-going vessel ahead, a little to our port. C: Yes, and she is closing in on us, too. We’ll pass to starboard, shan’t we?
P: Exactly. It will then be portside to portside. That’s a container ship. Captain, see the funnel of that ship, she is a COSCO ship, too.
C: Oh, yes. Now more and more COSCO ships will call at your port.
P: That’s good. Well, Captain, visibility is getting poorer and I suppose there would be probably many fishing boats in the vicinity as we are having a fishing season, I’ll use the radar. Shan’t I?
C: Of course, please. The radar is at Stand-by. Is it the season for fogs now? P: Yes, we have bad fogs in winter. C: Will this fog take long to clear up?
P: Yes, it will clear up after sunrise, about 8 o’clock in the morning, so please have men stationed on the forecastle for look-out.
C: All right. I’ll ask the chief officer, the bosun together with the carpenter to keep a sharp look-out.
P: Excellent! We have to slow down the engine. Slow ahead! 3/O: Slow ahead!
Engine is slow ahead!
P: Thank you. Captain, what rang is the radar set to? C: Twelve miles, with two-mile division.
P: That’s fine. Ah, I’ve spotted many ship nearby. We have to keep slow ahead. To my reckoning, we are approaching the river mouth now and soon we’ll hear the shore fog-siren.
C: I think you are right. The look-out has just reported that he could hear four short blasts every 20 seconds on our starboard.
P: Yes, we are approaching the breakwater. Please head the leading lights. Captain, have you had the echo-sounder switched on?
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C: Yes.
P: What depth does it register? C: 20 metres.
P: Look! There comes the launch. The Harbour Pilot is coming to take my place. Stop engine!
3/O: Stop engine!
Engine’s stopped!
P: Well. Captain, ask your crew to rig the pilot ladder on portside, I have to go now. See you next time. C: Thank you, see you.
Additional Expressions
1. Engine-room Orders （车钟令）
Stand by engine! (Ring “stand-by”!) Get the engine ready (Warm up engine)! Ring off engine! Finished with engine! Flank (Emergency) speed ahead! (For ships with two propelling shafts) Half ahead both engines! Full astern both engines! Stop both engines! Half ahead port, slow astern starboard! Stop port, full ahead starboard! Double full astern! Ring off engines!
2. Anchoring Orders （锚令）
Stand by port (starboard) anchor! Get the port (starboard) anchor ready! Stand-both anchors! Let go! (port anchor, starboard anchor) Four shackles in water! Three shackles on deck! Two shackles on the windlass! Stand by heaving! Slack away! (Slack no more!) Hold on ! Stop heaving! (Avast heaving!) Take in the slack on the chain! How is the chain?
备车 （摇备车） 准备主机 定速
完车 （用车完毕） 应急速度前进！
（双车船舶的车钟令） 双车半速前进！ 双车全速后退！ 双停车！
左车半速前进，右车慢速后退！左停车，右车快速前进！ 双车全速后退！ （双车）定速 备左（右）锚！ 备左（右）锚！ 备双锚！ 抛锚！（左锚， 右锚） 四节入水！ 三节甲板！ 二节在锚机！ 准备绞锚！ 松出锚链！ （不要松了） 刹住！ 停绞！
收紧锚链！
锚链方向（受力）如何？
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Leading forward (aft, to port, to starboard, abeam, on port bow across ship’s head, up and down). 锚链向前（向后、向左、向右、正横、在左船头、过首柱、垂直） The chain is tight (slack) 锚链紧（松）
Anchor is holding (dragging) 锚抓牢了 （锚在拖） Anchor is up and clear. 锚离底，清爽。 Anchor is foul. 锚链绞缠。 Anchor is dragging! 走锚。
3. Helm Orders （舵令）
Port (Starboard) a little! 左（右）舵一点！ Port (Starboard )easy! 左（右）舵慢！
Port (Starboard) more! Better port (starboard)! 左（右）舵多一点！ All port (starboard)! 左（右）满舵！ Hard over! 满舵！ Meet her! Check the helm! 压舵！
Mind the wheel! Watch your steering! 留心操舵！ Easy! 慢！ Ease her! Ease the helm (wheel)! 回舵！
Ease to ten (degrees)! 回到10度！ How heading! 航向多少？ Steer 110! 走110度！ Course again! 航向复原！ Are you on the course? 在航向上吗？ Right on the course! 在航向上！ 2 degrees off the course! 偏离航行2度！ Steer north. 航向北！
Middle the two buoys! 在两个浮筒中间走！ Leave the buoy on the starboardside! 把浮筒放在船右舷！ Keep straight to the lighthouse! 对准灯塔走！
Keep to middle of the channel! 保持在航道中央走！ Keep to starboard side of the fairway! 保持在航道右侧走！ Follow the ship ahead! 跟着前面的船走！
We shall overtake the ship ahead and pass on her starboard side. 追越前面船，在它右舷过。
We shall change course to starboard and pass port to port. 向右转向，左舷对左舷过去。
We shall alter course to port and go under that vessel’s stern. 向左转向，在那船的船尾过。
3. Berthing
C: Mr. Harbour Pilot, do you know if we’ll get alongside or moor to buoys?
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P: You are to get alongside. Please tell fore and aft to get ready for mooring. C: All right. What berth we’ll go to and which side alongside? P: Central Pier, Berth No.8 Starboard alongside. C: Will there be any tugs to help us?
P: Yes, as we are having strong off-shore wind and swift current, two tugs are available. Please tell fore and aft to prepare a strong line for them. Now, send out the towlines to the tugs and make fast.
C: Where are we going to secure the tugs?
P: Send one from the port bow and one from the centre aft. C: Yes. Send out the towlines and make fast on the tugs.
P: Please walk out the port anchor about one metre above the surface of the water and get the fenders ready.
C: I’ll do that. How many lines shall we send out?
P: Three headlines, three sternlines, one spring fore and aft. Well, let go port anchor, one shackle in water.
C: Let go port anchor, one shackle in water. P: Please send the heaving line ashore. C: The headlines go first, do they?
P: Yes, headlines first, then spring. How’s the chain? C: The chain is tight.
P: Well, slack the chain, Captain, heave away easy on the headlines. C: Heave away easy on the headlines and slack the chain.
P: Captain, send out the sternlines and aft spring. Now the ship is a little forward. Stop heaving the headlines and take in the slack on the fore spring. C: Stop heaving the headlines and take in the slack on the fore spring. P: Heave the sternlines. Hold the chain.
C: Heave the sternlines. Hold the chain. Is the ship in position now?
P: Not yet, 10 metres more aft. Please keep on heaving the sternlines and slacking the aft spring. Dead slow astern! 3/O: Dead slow astern!
Engine’s Dead slow astern! P: Stop engine! 3/O: Stop engine!
Engine is stopped!
P: Now, she’s just in position. Heave all the lines tight. Put them around the bitts and make all fast. Slack the chain down to the bottom.
C: Make fast all lines and slack the chain down to the bottom, and now Mr. Pilot, how about the radar and engine?
P: I’m sorry. Switch the radar off and ring “Finished with engine”.
C: Finished with engine. Mr. Pilot, you have done a good job. Thank you very much. P: Thank you for your co-operation. Captain, here are the forms for you to sign, the Pilotage and the other one for the tugs. C: All right. Here you are.
P: Well, Captain, I have to go now, my car is waiting for me. Good-bye.
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C: Good-bye.
1. Mooring Orders (系泊令)
Be ready for mooring. 准备系缆。 Send out the heaving line! 送出引缆！
Run out the headline (sternline, aft spring) ! 送出头缆（尾缆、后倒缆）！ Headline first! 先首缆！
Heave on the headline! 绞首缆！ Heave away! 绞！ Easy! 慢！
Heave away easy! 慢慢绞！
Heave away easy on the headline! 慢慢绞首缆！ Stop heaving! 停绞！ Take in the slacks! 收紧！
Ease the strain on the stern line! 放松尾缆！ Hold on! 制住！ Slack away! 松！
Make fast! (Make fast forward spring!) 挽牢！ All fast! 全都挽牢了！
Heave all lines tight and make fast! 绞紧各缆并挽牢！ Let go tug line! (Let go the tugs!) 解拖缆 （解掉拖轮）
Make sure nothing sticking out! 注意两舷不要有东西突出！ （过船闸用语）Get fenders ready! 准备靠把！
Pass headline round the bitts and make fast! 首缆上樁挽牢！ Ship is in position. 船在位！
Just in position! 正好到位！
Five metres forward (aft)! 向前（后）移5 米！
Ship’s bridge is abreast “N” flag (shore crane). 驾驶台并N旗 （并岸吊）
2. Unmooring Orders （解缆令）
Be ready for unmooring! 准备解缆！
Single up! 单绑！ 留单头！ Single up forward (aft)! 船头（尾）留单头！
Leave out one headline and the aft spring! 留一根头缆和后倒缆！ Take in all the other moorings (lines)! 收进其它各缆！ Ease away on the headline! 松出头缆！ Check the headline! 介头缆！ Heave in the sternline! 绞进尾缆！
Heave away on the aft spring! 继续绞后倒缆！ Let go everything! 介掉所有缆绳！
Secure (make fast) the tugs fore and aft! 前后拖缆挽牢！ It is clear aft (forward). 船尾（船头）清爽！
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Not clear. 不清爽！ Cast off the spring! 介倒缆！ Haul in the spring! 绞进倒缆！
Let go the tug (towline)! 介拖轮（拖缆） Let the ship swing out stern first. 让船尾先摆出！
4. Shifting
Agent: Is your engine all right now, Captain? And its routine inspection over? C: Yes, why?
A: As you are to shift at 0830 tomorrow morning, I’ve come to let you know the news. At the same time I want to make sure your engine is running again. C: We are to shift? Where to?
A: To Buoys Nos.12 and 13 downstream. C: Have they finished discharging?
A: They’ve finished discharging the warehouse cargo. They want to discharge the remaining cargo onto the barges for inland transportation. There’s no need to keep the ship alongsides.
C: How long will it take to get there? A: It’s only about one hour’s run. C: When will the pilot come?
A: He usually comes on board half an hour in advance.
C: Then I must inform our chief engineer earlier to warm up the engine. Well, won’t there be a tug to help us get away from alongside the wharf?
A: Yes, We’ve arranged for one to come at the same time as the pilot. Is everything clear to you now or have you still other questions to ask?
C: You’ve made everything very clear, Mr. Agent. We’ll be all ready to shift by 0830 tomorrow morning.
A: Thank you, Captain. I’m afraid I shall have to hurry away.
Pilot: Ring “Stand-by” and blow one prolonged blast (the whistle), please! 3/O: Engine’s stand-by.
P: Single up fore and aft. Leave out one headline and after spring. Take in all the other moorings.
C: single up fore and aft and leave one headline and after spring out. Mr. Pilot, the ship is light, and strong wind is blowing onto the wharf. She will not swing out unless the tug gives her a pull-off.
P: You’re right, Captain. Run a towline to the tug from port bow and make fast. Let go everything. Heave away on the anchor cable, Captain, Is it clear fore and aft? C: It’s all clear fore and aft. Anchor’s up and clear, too. P: Good. Half speed ahead! Port twenty! 3/O: Half ahead! Engine’s half ahead!
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Q/M: Port twenty! Wheel’s port twenty! P: Fine. Steady on the shore chimney. Q/M: Yes, steady on the shore chimney. C: The tide is falling (rising) now?
P: Yes, See the two buoys there, to our starboard?
C: Is that our mooring boat waiting at the buoys? How would you moor the ship? Bow or stern first?
P: Moor the bow to the upstream buoy first. Get five lines ready forward: four headlines and one slip rope[回头缆]. The same number of lines aft. C: Send the headlines to the mooring boat now?
P: Yes. After we have shackled the headlines onto the buoy, the mooring boat can go aft to attend to the stern lines.
C: We shall use the after winch to heave in on the stern lines. P: Make sure all lines have the same tightness.
Notes to the text
1. How is the chain leading now?
现在锚链方向如何？
2. ┅ to take down letter “G”, hoist letter “H” on portside ┅┅ then “Second
Substitute.” ┅┅
请告知船员降下左舷的字母旗G，换上字母旗H，在右舷升起三面信号旗：首先“代一”旗，第二“N”旗，然后“代二”旗。
3. The rudder answers well and rudder indicator is in good working order.
舵很灵，舵角指示器工作情况很好。 4. Course One O Three.
在报航向时，数字要一个一个分开报。 5. Course One Two five
航向125度。
6. Make sure nothing to starboard (port).
注意不要偏右（左）。
7. Please head the leading lights.
请对着叠标走。
8. Well, slack the Chain, Captain, heave away easy on the leadlines.
好了，船长，放松锚链，慢慢绞头缆。 9. Stop heaving the headlines and take in the slack on the fore spring.
停止绞头缆，绞紧前倒缆。
10. Let go everything. 前后所有缆绳全部介掉。
Pattern Drills:
in water? How many shackles on deck?
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on the windlass?
port anchor fender
Is your headline ready? pilot ladder radar
swing around. We have to shift to buoys.
wait here at the anchorage. drop anchor here.
aft. The chain is leading to port. abeam.
on port bow across ship’s head.
your rudder indicator? How about your direction finder? your echo-sounder? your steering gear?
nothing to port.
Make sure the chain is not tight.
the towline is strong enough. the headline is not slack.
men stationed at the bow.
Please have the pilot ladder rigged on port bow. the rat guards mounted properly. the radar set to two miles division.
the barges? Where are we going to secure the water boat? pilot boat?
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tug boat?
the stern line ashore. Please send the aft spring ashore. the heaving line ashore. the headlines ashore.
the starboard anchor. Let go the slip rope. the tugs.
the sternlines.
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