TEST 1
News Item 1
1. A. Education problems of American children
B. Education problems of Syrian children in Turkey C. A statement published by Human Rights Watch. D. Many children in Turkey don’t receive education 2. A. They built long-lasting schools in Turkey B. They established a huge school system in Turkey. C. They offered financial support to Turkey. D. They sent refugee children to refugee camps
News Item 2
3. A. They killed no more than 50 people B. They fired against NATO troops C. They attacked an airport in Afghanistan D. They killed 10 children, and two police officers 4. A. Withdrawal of combat troops from other countries B. False claims of foreign military troops. C. Decline of the local troops? strength. D. Last year?s victory over foreign troops.
News Item 3
5. A. Violate the civil liberties in Australia B. Increase the legal age to buy cigarettes. C. Introduce a plan called plain packaging D. Raise the price of cigarettes in Australia 6. A. Details of anti-smoking policies. B. Pictures with olive trees. C. Health warnings including pictures D. Data of cigarette sales world wide
7. A. To follow the anti-smoking trend in Kuwait and Hawaiii B. To make Tasmania Australia?s Healthiest city by 2025 C. To ease existing tough anti-smoking policies D. To have more tough anti-smoking policies
Test 2
News Item 1
1. A. The number of adult girls is expected to double by 2050
B. Child marriage in Africa will be ended by 2050
C. Half women will be married before reaching adulthood by 2050. D. The legal marriage age will set above18 by 2050
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2. A. Poverty and lack of education B. Local culture that undervalues children. C. The low legal age for marriage. D. High risks of becoming teenager mother
News Item 2
3. A. Waste products of whisky could make bio-fuel B. Scotland is the largest producer of whisky in the world C. A new fuel called Biobutanol is found by a Scottish Professor. D. There are many waste products in making whisky. 4. A. Corn and sugar cane B. Rye and Corn. C. Strong beer and wheat D. Rice and wheat
News Item 3
5. A. Getting high skilled people. B. Promoting company?s technology. C. Finding enough employees. D. Increasing members of immigrants.
6. A. The number of them decreases dramatically. B. They mainly move from south states. C. They come to Chicago without work visa. D. The number of them increases after the recession. 7. A. The law of immigrants. B. The environment for companies. C. The number of work visas D. Higher salary and better titles
Test 3
News Item 1
1. A. The asset of the US there has been frozen. B. The conflict there threatens the US national security. C. Rallies are planned to protest the war there. D. The U.N. Security Council is involved in the issue there. 2. A. Four Sudanese. B. The U.S. president. C. Reporters D. George Clooney
News Item 2
3. A. Consumers give up motorcycles. B. Some politicians suggest cutting down prices of gasoline.
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C. Oil companies are not satisfied with it. D. Some congressmen think oil companies should be examined. 4. A. It might not work. B. Consumers will finally benefit from it. C. It is good for oil industry. D. It should also be imposed on other industries.
News Item 3
5. A. At 4:35 pm local time B. At 4:35 am local time C. At 4:25 am local time D. At 4:25 pm local time
6. A. The US Geological Survey first reported the earthquake. B. India?s Meteorological Department has predicted the earthquake. C. A newly-built building collapsed in the earthquake. D. Three thousand people were reported dead in the earthquake. 7. A. Because he had a heart attack after the earthquake. B. Because he jumped from a fourth-floor balcony. C. Because he was badly injured during the quake. D. Because he suffered a stroke after the earthquake.
四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.
Exercise 1
长篇阅读
Paper--More than Meets the Eye
A) We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and whilst it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades.
B) It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card.
C) Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses or which papyrus is an example and from where we get the word \been from soft wood and cotton or rags, with the bulk being wood-based. Paper from Wood
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D) In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerful machinery and then boiled with strong alkalies such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence of paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will add bleach and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals.
E) A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Something called lignin. This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paper back books will have a life of not greater than fifty years. Not what we need for our archives.
F) Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is \of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications.
G) It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive, but that is nevertheless what the archivist must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten their demise. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and is some cases simply vanish!
H) So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable? You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. \might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously.
I) Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will guarantee the material that they sell. If you want to be absolutely sure that you are storing in, or printing on, the correct material then this is probably the only way.
J) Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to material. Lining old shoe boxes with good quality acid-free paper will do little to guard the contents. The acid will get there in the end. Paper from Rag
K) Paper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste. This has the advantage of being lignin-free, but because there is much less cotton and rag than trees, it also tends to be much more expensive than wood pulp paper. You will still need to purchase from a reliable source though, since even rag paper and card can contain undesirable additives.
L) A reliable source for quality rag papers is a recognized art stockiest. Many water color artists insist on using only fine quality rag paper and board.
M) The main lesson to learn from this information is that you cannot rely on purchasing archival
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materials from the high street. The only safe solution is to purchase from specialist suppliers. It may cost rather more, but in the end you will know that your important and valuable data and images have the best home possible.
1. The corn-flake packet is cheaper than high grade card.
2. There are a lot of materials which can be used for making paper, but the superiority ones are soft wood, cotton and rags.
3. During the whole manufacturing process, the final product is made from a pulp of cellulose fibres.
4. In order to make white paper and card, the makers will add bleach. 5. Liguin is essential for the tree but it will make paper easy to break.
6. Many paper producers will preserve lignin during manufacture, because leaving the lignin will make more paper from a tree.
7. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials.
8. If the lignin is removed from the paper, the paper will be more expensive.
9. Although free of lignin, paper made from cotton and rag waste can also cost more money than wood pulp paper because there is much less cotton and rag than trees.
10. What we can learn from \specialist suppliers.
Exercise 2
How to Make Attractive and Effective PowerPoint Presentations
A) Microsoft PowerPoint has dramatically changed the way in which academic and business presentations are made. This article outlines few tips on making more effective and attractive PowerPoint presentations. The Text
B) Keep the wording clear and simple. Use active, visual language. Cut unnecessary words—a good rule of thumb is to cut paragraphs down to sentences, sentences into phrases, and phrases into key words. Limit the number of words and lines per slide. Try the Rule of Five-five words per line, five lines per slide. If too much text appears on one slide, use the AutoFit feature to split it between two slides. Click within the placeholder to display the AutoFit Options button (its symbol is two horizontal lines with arrows above and below), then click on the button and choose Split Text between Two Slides from the submenu.
C) Font size for titles should be at least 36 to 40, while the text body should not be smaller than 24. Use only two font styles per slide—one for the title and the other for the text. Choose two fonts that visually contrast with each other. Garamond Medium Condensed and Impact are good for titles, while Garamond or Tempus Sans can be used for the text body.
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D) Embed the fonts in your presentation, if you are not sure whether the fonts used in the presentation are present in the computer that will be used for the presentation. To embed the fonts: (1) On the File menu, click Save As. (2) On the toolbar, click Tools, click Save Options, select the Embed TrueType Fonts check box, and then select Embed characters in use only.
E) Use colors sparingly; two to three at most. You may use one color for all the titles and another for the text body. Be consistent from slide to slide. Choose a font color that contrasts well with the background.
F) Capitalizing the first letter of each word is good for the title of slides and suggests a more formal situation than having just the first letter of the first word capitalized. In bullet point lines, capitalize the first word and no other words unless they normally appear capped. Upper and lower case lettering is more readable than all capital letters. Moreover, current styles indicate that using all capital letters means you are shouting. If you have text that is in the wrong case, select the text, and then click Shift+F3 until it changes to the case style that you like. Clicking Shift+F3 toggles the text case between ALL CAPS, lower case, and Initial Capital styles.
G) Use bold or italic typeface for emphasis. Avoid underlining, it clutters up the presentation. Don?t center bulleted lists or text. It is confusing to read. Left align unless you have a good reason not to. Run “spell check” on your show when finished. The Background
H) Keep the background consistent. Simple, light textured backgrounds work well. Complicated textures make the content hard to read. If you are planning to use many clips in your slides, select a white background. If the venue of your presentation is not adequately light-proof, select a dark-colored background and use any light color for text. Minimize the use of “bells and
whistles ”such as sound effects, “flying words” and multiple transitions. Don?t use red in any fonts or backgrounds. It is an emotionally overwhelming color that is difficult to see and read. The Clips
I) Animations are best used subtly; too much flash and motion can distract and annoy viewers. Do not rely too heavily on those images that were originally loaded on your computer with the rest of Office. You can easily find appropriate clips on any topic through Google Images. While searching for images, do not use long search phrases as is usually done while searching the web-use specific words.
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J) When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes and are in a .jpg format. Larger files can slow down your show. Keep graphs, charts and diagrams simple, if possible. Use bar graphs and pie charts instead of tables of data. The audience can then immediately pick up the relationships. The Presentation
K) If you want your presentation to directly open in the slide show view, save it as a slide show file using the following steps. Open the presentation you want to save as a slide show. On the File menu, click Save As. In the Save as type list, click PowerPoint Show. Your slide show file will be saved with a ppt file extension. When you double-click on this file, it will automatically start your presentation in slide show view. When you?re done, PowerPoint automatically closes and you return to the desktop. If you want to edit the slide show file, you can always open it from PowerPoint by clicking Open on the File menu.
L) Look at the audience, not at the slides, whenever possible. If using a laser pointer, don?t move it too fast. For example, if circling a number on the slide, do it slowly. Never point the laser at the audience. Black out the screen (use “B”on the keyboard) after the point has been made, to put the focus on you. Press the key again to continue your presentation.
M) You can use the shortcut command [Ctrl]P to access the Pen tool during a slide show. Click with your mouse and drag to use the Pen tool to draw during your slide show. To erase everything you?ve drawn, press the E key. To turn off the Pen tool, press [Esc] once. Miscellaneous
N) Master Slide Set-Up: The “master slide” will allow you to make changes that are reflected on every slide in your presentation. You can change fonts, colors, backgrounds, headers, and footers at the “master slide” level. First, go to the “View” menu. Pull down the “Master” menu. Select the “slide master” menu. You may now make changes at this level that meet your presentation needs. 对应题目：
1. The ways in which academic and business presentations are made have been changed by Microsoft PowerPoint.
2. When making the PowerPoint, the wording of the text should not be complicated. 3. In each slide, the font styles for the title and the text should contrast with each other.
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4. A more formal situation is capitalizing the first letter of the first word. 5. Centering bulleted lists or text can not help to read. 6. Sound effects should be used as less frequently as possible.
7. When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes. 8. When making the presentation, you should look at the audience as possible as you can. 9. Pressing the E key can help you to erase everything you've drawn.
10. In order to meet your presentation needs, you can make changes at the “slide master” level. Exercise 3
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Universities Branch Out
A) As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.
B) In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的) research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity. C) Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at America?s best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly
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hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad. D) Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships (实习) abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity—and providing the financial resources to make it possible.
E) Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai?s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty postdoctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu?s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team.
F) As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and the integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure (基础 设 施 ) and applications software of the 1990s. The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university.
G) For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research-university model. Most politicians recognize the link between investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.
H) American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students. I) Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation?s well-being through their
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scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and—like immigrants throughout history—strengthen the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished (珍视) values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。
46. American universities prepare their undergraduates for global careers by giving them chances for international study or internship.
47. Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent.
48. The enrollment of international students will have a positive impact on America rather than threaten its competitiveness.
49. The way research is carried out in universities has changed as a result of globalization.
50. Of the newly hired professors in science and engineering in the United States, twenty percent come from foreign countries.
51. The number of foreign students applying to U.S. universities decreased sharply after September 11 due to changes in the visa process.
52. The U.S. federal funding for research has been unsteady for years.
53. Around the world, governments encourage the model of linking university-based science and industrial application.
54. Present-day universities have become a powerful force for global integration.
55. When foreign students leave America, they will bring American values back to their home countries.
Exercise 4
How to Make Peace with Your Workload
[A] Swamped (忙碌的),under the gun, just struggling to stay above water...; whatever office cliche you employ to depict it, we\swallowed up by our workload. Nonetheless many a way may be used to manage your to-do list to prevent feeling overwhelmed. How to make peace with your workload once and for all goes as follows.
[B] Get organized. “Clear the deadwood out of your desk and keep your office in shape, which enhances your capability to handle other tasks and raises the probability that you?ll retrieve the items you do need in a faster and easier fashion,” says Jeff Davidson who works as a work/life expert and writer of more than 50 books on workplace issues. “When something can be disposed, let it go, given in reality most of what you retain is replaceable.” Joel Rudy, vice president of operations for Photographic Solutions, with better than thirty years of business management experience, believes that keeping organized is a must. “ Messy work areas are nonproductive in some measure. Provided that you can\because it?s lost in a
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pile of mess, then you have a problematic situation,” he says. “Thereby you are supposed to take the time to tidy up your work areas and keep your important files, manuals and reports in an accessible location, which will maximize your efficiencies.”
[C] Make a to-do list, then cover it up. It may sound weird, but it works, says Jessica Carlson, an account executive at Bluefish Design Studio which is an advertising consulting firm. Carlson urges her team to utilize to-do lists to stay on track and highlight items that are a priority. “Cover up the list, with the exception of one high-priority task at one time,” she suggests. “This will allow you to focus better on the task at hand; otherwise, it will be easy to get overwhelmed if you?re reading through a to-do list that spans an entire page. Concentrating on a single item will make your tasks appear like they are more doable,” Carlson says.
[D] Stop multitasking. Despite what you may consider multitasking, it?s counterproductive. Unless you?re drinking coffee while scanning your morning e-mails, you?re not saving any time by attempting to do ten things at once. “If you find yourself getting tangled in too many things, it may be of much necessity of you to re-evaluate your involvement,” Rudy says. “Your mind will wander from one topic to another and you may end up never accomplishing a thing.” Rudy recommends the best way to stop multitasking is to create priority lists with deadlines. “When applicable, complete one project before you move further on to the next one,” he says. [E ] Set time limits. Deborah Chaddock-Brown, a work-at-home single parent, says she?s frequently overwhelmed by the demands of maintaining order in her residence and running her own business. Still, she manages to “do it all” by setting a time limit for each task. “I have the type of personality that flits (轻轻地掠过)from thing to thing because I do have so much on my plate,” Brown says. “As a consequence I assign time slots: For the next 15 minutes I will participate in social media for the purpose of marketing my business (not sending photos or playing Farmville) and that is the only thing I am about to do for the next 15 minutes. When the time is up, I move on to the next task. That way, at night I don?t end up with a pile of tasks to accomplish even though I felt busy all day.”
[F ] Talk to your manager. “Quite often, people are working on things that are no longer a top priority, but someone forgot to tell them (that they?re no longer important). There are usually clear priorities in the manager?s head; he or she has just not done a great job communicating those with the employee,” says Holly Green, CEO of The Human Factor. Green?s suggestion unfolds in this manner: “If you find yourself confronted with too many responsibilities, sit down, note the
significant things you are in charge of, and go to your manager to have a conversation to discuss priorities, trade-offs, time commitments and interdependencies required to do each thing well, and then ask what you should stop working on or work on less so you can get the right things done.” Green says managers should be willing to help sort out priorities, so long as employees have a can-do approach and aren?t just complaining about their workload.
[G ] Eliminate time wasters. “If interruptions are keeping you from your responsibilities, learn how to deal with them accordingly,” says Eileen Roth, author of Organizing for Dummies. Roth proposes the following suggestions to combat disruptions: “Use voice mail to cut down on telephone interruptions, turn off the alert that says ?You?ve got an e-mail; and give staff members
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a set time to visit you.” Justin Gramm, president of Globella Buyers Realty, exemplifies Roth?s point. “E-mail had been a big time waster for me in the past because it was a constant interruption, causing me to lose focus on the task at hand,” he says. Since determined to check his e-mails only twice a day, Gramm says he has become much more efficient. “If people want to get more work done, they need to stop checking e-mails and get down to business,” he says.
[H] Assess your workload before taking on new tasks. “The paradox of today?s work
environment is that the more you do, the more that?s expected of you,” Davidson says. In order to better assess your workload, Davidson suggests asking yourself the following questions before agreeing to undertake new responsibilities: Is the task aligned (使一致)with your priorities and goals; Are you likely to be as prone to saying yes to such a request tomorrow or next week; What else could you do that would be more rewarding; What other pressing tasks and responsibilities are you likely to face; Does the other party have options other than you; Will he or she be crushed if you say no?
[I] Want to know more? Most of our experts recommended books for additional tips on how to maximize efficiency, but one book was mentioned time and again. Check out The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People.
46. “The more you do, the more you are expected to do” has been a paradox in today?s work environment.
47. As long as employees have a can-do attitude and do not just complain about their workload, the managers would like to help them decide what to do first.
48. As a single parent, Deborah Chaddock-Brown finds it difficult to make a balance between business and housework.
49. There are many useful methods of preventing people from feeling overwhelmed by workload.
50. Messy work areas are nonproductive to some extent, so you are supposed to keep your work areas tidy and important files at hand.
51. To know more about how to maximize efficiency, The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People is recommended.
52. In Organizing for Dummies, using voice mail to cut down on telephone interruptions and turning off the e-mail notice are suggested in combating interruptions.
53. According to Rudy, the best way to stop multitasking is to make a list of priorities and set deadlines for each task.
54. Focusing on a single matter will make your tasks appear more possible to be done.
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55. In fact, most of what people retain is substitutable, so dispose the things that are disposable.
四级考试15选10专项训练
Unit One
Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.
Looking back on years of living in a working-class home in the North of England, I should say that a good living room must 11 three principal things: homeliness, warmth and plenty of good food. The living-room is the warm heart of the family and 12 often slightly stuffy to a middle-class visitor. It is not a social centre but a family center; little entertaining goes on there or in the front room, if there 13 to be one; you do not entertain in anything approaching the middle-class 14 The wife's social life outside her 15 family is found over the washing-line, at the little shop on the corner, visiting relatives at a moderate 16 occasionally, and perhaps now and again a visit with her husband to his pub or club. Apart from these two places, he has just his work and his football matches. They will have, each of them, friends at all these places, who may well not know what the inside of their house is like, having never \17 phrase has it. The family hearth is 18 for the family itself, and those who are \free time of a man and his wife will 19 be passed at that hearth. Just staying in is still one of the most common leisure-time 20 A. happens B. professions C. sense D. nevertheless E. fashioned F. distance G. immediate H. usually I. occupations J. preserved K. imitate L. provide M. therefore N reserved 0. contribute Unit Two Passage 2
Flying over a desert area in an airplane, two scientists looked down with trained eyes at trees and bushes. After an hour's 11 one of the scientists wrote in his book, \Scientists in another airplane, flying over a mountain region, sent a 13 to other scientists on the ground, \should be searched for metals. \radio one word, \
None of the scientists had X-ray eyes: they had no 14 powers for looking down below the earth's surface. They were 15 putting to use one of the newest methods of 16 minerals in the ground—using trees and plants as 17 that certain minerals may lie beneath the ground on which the trees and
plants are growing.
This newest method of searching for minerals is 18 on the fact that minerals deep in the earth may 19 the kind of bushes and trees that grow on the surface.
At Watson Bar Creek, a brook six thousand feet high in the mountains of British Columbia,
Canada, a mineral search group gathered bags of tree seeds. Boxes were filled with small branches from the trees. Roots were dug and put into boxes. Each bag and box was 20 marked. In a
scientific laboratory the parts of the forest trees were burned to ashes and tested. Each small part was examined to learn whether there were minerals in it. A. signs B. sufficiently C. locating D. affect E. merely
F. magic G. hints
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H. carefully
I. finding J. message K. flight L. probable M. revealing N. based O. information Unit Three .
Passage 2
America's most famous woman is the Goddess of Liberty, i. e. the Statue of Liberty. It was first thought of in 1865 by Edouard de Laboulaye and designed by another Frenchman, Frederic Bartoldi. They wanted to 11 liberty and friendship. It was hoped that the monument would be completed by 1876 when America 12 its centennial. Fund raising and the 13 of the statue in France went slowly. It was 1885 when the 214 crates containing the statue reached New York.
Americans were initially 14 for they had not raised the money to pay for the erection of the base. Fund raising by popular subscription was behind 15 . One fund raising method used was to have popular Americans write letters which were then sold in public. The base and statue, 16 272 feet tall, were completed in 1886. From a 17 standpoint, the statue is a marvel. The inner structure was designed by the French engineer,
Alexandre Eiffel. His design for the stressed copper skin of the statue anticipated many of the 18 utilized in modern aircraft.
After a century, the monument began to show signs of getting worse in 19 . Just as Frenchmen had created the Statue, so it was with restoration.
A Frenchman noted the decay and French and American craftsmen
and contributions brought about the renewal of the Statue in time for its centennial.Liberty is still 20 in France and the United States. A. completely B. measures C. popular D. together E. honor F. manufacture G. schedule H. reward I. celebrated J. principles K. embarrassed L. technical M. voluntary N conditions 0. discouraged Unit Four Passage 2
Sophy Brent came to visit me nearly every day. She made me feel uneasy most of the time. She smoked 11 and never used an ashtray. She followed me into the kitchen while I made tea or coffee or supper and 12 herself to the children's orange juice. She made a great hit with my two-year-old daughter Flora, who would 13 about her for hours and refer to her lovingly as \always talking about my husband and asking me where he was.
I could not decide why she chose my 14 , although I realized that nobody else paid her very much attention. Her situation was very difficult in that she was 15 out of drama school and only nineteen, but being 16 to play a leading part in a company of fairly 17 and experienced actors. They would not have liked her much even if she had been good, and as, from all accounts, she was not good so they took every 18 to run her down. I think she thought that I was the only person around who was both unconnected with the theatre and tolerably 19 . To associate with me was not, at any rate, to step down the scale. And for my part, although I felt troubled by her I did not dislike her. There was something genuinely outstanding in her personality, and she had such physical 20 that with me she could get away with anything. She was nice to have around, like flowers or a bowl of fruit. A. helped B. smart B. constantly D. treated E. required F. supreme G. hang H. charm I. continually J. company K. opportunity L. distinguished M. straight N. partner O. disappointed
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Translation 1
很难想象我们的先辈们没有现代技术带来的这么多方便那日子是怎么过的。那个时候只有一小部分人享受一些舒适条件。大部分人连饭都吃不饱，更不要说接受教育的特权了。然而，许多人责怪现代技术，说它带来了很多问题。他们想减慢进步的速度。但是谁也不能阻止时代的前进。我们能做的是技术向哪个方向发展做出明智的决定。
Translation 2
武汉由长江、汉水分为三镇，因而亦被称为“江城”。武汉历史悠久，早在新石器时代（the Neolithic Age）这里就有人聚居和建筑城池。明清年间，汉口已是全国闻名的商埠，为当时中国的四大名镇之一。在中国近代史上，武汉作为民主革命的发祥地，写下了光辉的篇章。武汉具有优越的地理环境，有“九省通衢”之称。
Translation 3
汽车在二十世纪改变了世界，尤其是在美国和其他工业国家。汽车确实对我们大有用处，但也带来了一些危害，比如声音污染、空气污染以及公路死亡事故。据报道汽车事故被列为全世界导致死伤的主要原因之一。可庆幸的是，现代发明家门正在重新发明汽车。新的推进系统（propulsion system）、燃料、设计以及制造汽车的手段在过去的十年中得到迅速发展。例如，通过使用卫星辅助的全球定位系统，汽车里的计算机能给汽车精确定位；随着遥感器（sensor）的应用，智能汽车能排除不少汽车事故。
Translation 4
亨利教授的论文使我深受启发。他认为，在一个多元化社会里，不同意见是不可避免的。关键在于怎样正确对待不同意见，使之发挥建设性、而非破坏性的作用。他还说， 在一个多元化社会里，我们必须注重人际关系，强调合作，多从他人视角考虑问题。如果某些群体自视高人一等，不尊重其他种族或宗教，那么整个社会有可能陷入瘫痪。我相信， 要是我们把上述想法付诸实践，那我们就有可能创造出一种新的文明。
Translation 5
从前，我们以为技术发展会使我们的生活变得更安逸。那时我们觉得机器会替代我们工作，我们则有越来越多的时间休闲娱乐。但技术发展没有把我们解放出来，而是使我们成为奴隶。新技术纷至沓来，令人目不暇接。而每一项新发明问世，就进一步吞噬我们的光阴。比如，汽车曾使我们希望个人出行会方便得让人难以想象。可如今，城市车辆运行得比马车时代还要慢，我们因交通堵塞而困在车内，徒然浪费生命。在大多数情况下，技术发展并未节省时间，而是使我们得以做更多的事。
Translation 6
工业革命前，人们居住在交通联系不方便得小社区里。在本村范围内， 人们自然而然地期望了解该了解的一切，见到该见的一切，做该做的一切。如今，生性好奇的我们仍试图这么做。然而，地球村是一个有着无限可能的世界，我们永远无法实现自己的目标。我们需要的不是更多的时间：我们需要的是更少的欲望。我们需要关掉手机，让孩子们自己玩耍。我们需要少购物，少阅读，少出游。我们需要给自己设定界限，不然注定会越来越感到绝望。
Translation 7
无疑，我们现在处于持续的压力之下，要长时间工作，要创造更多，拥有更多，从而成为一
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名成功人士。于是乎，工作狂（workaholism）——一种现代癖（addiction），就这样出现了。工作狂其根源是基于这样一种认识：通过长时间地工作、完成更多的项目，我们便能提高我们的自身价值。
许多妇女今天感到同样的压力，要创造，要出人头地，而与此同时，又要养育子女，承担起各种家庭责任。
研究表明，工作狂往往使我们与家人的关系疏远。它会迫使我们长时间地劳作，仅留微乎其微的时间与我们所爱的人聚在一起、交流感情。家庭成员间的亲密关系在此过程中注定要消亡。
Translation 8
日本是世界上最节能的国家之一，但近年来企业和家庭的温室气体排放量不断增长，这一状况促使政府采取措施提高民众对全球变暖问题的关注。气候变化将为七月初在日本召开的八国峰会的主要议题。日本家庭的能耗量一直低于美国和欧洲，但近年来却急剧增长，1990年至2005年间就增长了44%。日本政府于本周二发布的一份报告称，国民缩短洗澡时间有助于减少日本不断增长的能源消耗量及温室气体的排放。 Translation 9
中国结（Chinese Knot）是中国的一种传统装饰工艺。每个结都是由一根绳子编成。编好的中国结是对称的，并根据特殊的形状和意义加以命名。在汉语里，“结”与“吉”的发音很相似。人们把不同的结合其他幸运饰物巧妙的结合在一起，做成一个个独一无二的，象征美丽、希望和祝福的吉祥物。比如，“吉庆有余”、“福寿双全”、“双喜”、“万事如意”和“一路顺风”，这些都是中国传统的吉庆话语，表达人们最热情的问候，良好的祝愿和美好的愿望。今天，人们喜爱的是中国结独特的款式，多变的色彩和其中深刻的寓意。
Translation 10
国家文物局和国家测绘局在经过两年的科学调查和测量后，18日正式宣布明长城的总长度为8851.8公里。这是我国首次精确测出长城的长度。明长城东起辽宁虎山，西至甘肃嘉峪关，在明朝期间进行了大规模的整修和重建。
Passage 1
每年农历(lunar calendar)八月十五日，是中国传统的中秋佳节。在这天，每个家庭都团聚在一起，一家人共同观赏象征丰裕、和谐和幸运的圆月。大人们吃着美味的月饼，品着热腾腾的香茗，而孩子们则在一旁尽情玩耍。中秋节有悠久的历史，它最早可能是一个庆祝丰收的节日。中秋节的习俗很多，但都寄托着人们对生活无限的热爱和对美好生活的向往。
Passage 2
中国是一个疆域辽阔、人口众多的国家。其相对封闭的(enclosed)地理环境为中国文化相对独立的发展提供了自然条件。几条大河均匀分布(evenly distributed)，为农业的发展和交通提供了有利的自然条件，也促成了区域文化的发展。此外，中国的自然资源和自然条件也都比较适合农业经济的发展。农业文明给予中国文化的形成和发展以决定性的影响。
Passage 3
据最近的网上调查显示，55%的青年认为自己对生活缺乏热情，71%的人认为他们承受着巨大的压力。可以说焦虑的情绪的确普遍存在于当今的中国年轻人中。焦虑是一种心理问题，它源自于对生活中的不确定因素的内在恐惧，或者说是一种不安全感。对于多数人来说，引起焦虑的主要原因是高昂的房价、教育支出和医疗费用。
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Passage 4
中国的消费者有一些不为西方人所了解的特点--比如在餐馆，他们会点一大堆食物。这首先是因为中国人“好面子”的价值观。当请客人或朋友外出吃饭时，中国人并不简单的把这看作是“一起吃饭”，而是为了加强友好的关系和做生意。一次宴请（banquet）因此被看作是一项投资。西方的合作伙伴们不应由此以为中国的主人们贪吃--这样会毁了双方的关系和生意。
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