Handouts for Students
The Society and Culture of Britain and America
Contents
Unit 1 English Language & Western Culture .......................................... 2 Unit 2 A General Survey of the United Kingdom ................................... 5 Unit 3 The Introduction of the United States ......................................... 10 Unit 4 British Political System .............................................................. 21 Unit 5 Politics in the United States ........................................................ 36 Unit 6 Religion in Britain and America ................................................. 39 Unit 7 Mass Media ................................................................................. 45 Unit 8 American Education ................................................................... 48 Unit 9 Social Etiquette in Britain and America ..................................... 61 Unit 10 Famous Cities and Landmarks ................................................. 65 Unit 11 Major Festivals in America and Britain .................................... 68 Unit 12 Western Wedding Customs and Traditions ............................... 70 Unit 13 American and British Food Cultures ........................................ 71 Unit 14 Film Culture in Britain and USA .............................................. 73
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Unit 1 English Language & Western Culture英语和西方文化
? Objectives
Through explanation and guide from the teacher, students are highly expected to have a relatively detailed understanding of: 1. properties of language and culture; 2. relationship between language and culture; 3. contrasts between western and eastern culture; 4. idiomatic uses of English…
目标
通过老师的讲解与指导，学生预计将有一个比较详细的了解： 1语言和文化的性质；
2语言与文化之间的关系；
3，东方文化和西方文化之间的对比； 4英语习惯用法…
? Contents
I. Properties of Language II. Properties of Culture III. Language & Culture IV. Relative Theories
V. Contrast of Language Families VI. Stepping into Culture 内容
我的语言特性 II。性文化 语言与文化 四、相关理论
五、对比语言的家庭 六、进入文化
I. Properties of Language
Language is systematic. (系统的) Language is arbitrary. (任意的) Language is symbolic. (符号的) Language is vocal. (有声的) Language is uniquely human.
Group Discussion: Language Lost & Globalization of English （A video） 语言是人类独有的。
小组讨论：语言失去了与英语全球化（视频）
II. Properties of Culture
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Culture is human specific.
Culture is a social phenomenon. Culture is a national phenomenon. Culture is a historical phenomenon. Culture contains several subcultures. II。性文化
文化是人类特有的。 文化是一种社会现象。 文化是一个国家的现象。 文化是一种历史现象。 文化包含几个亚文化。
III. Language & Culture
Does language shape culture? OR Does culture shape language?
语言与文化
语言塑造文化吗？还是文化形成的语言吗？
IV. Relative Theories
Malinowski’s study 马林诺夫斯基的研究: Speech Community 言语社区 Firth’s study 弗斯的研究: Context of Situation 情景语境
Halliday’s study 韩礼德的研究: A Socially Semiotic Perspective 社会符号的视角 The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis (萨丕尔—沃尔夫假说)
Our language helps mould our way of thinking and different languages may probably express our unique ways of understanding the world.
我们的语言有助于塑造我们的思维方式和不同的语言可能表达我们的独特的认识世界的方式。
The interplay of language and culture may range from textual structure to phonological variation. Kaplan (1966): The structural organization of a text tends to be culturally specific. Nida (1998): Words are sometimes ―idiomatically-governed‖ and ―culturally-specific‖.
杨永林(1993) made several case studies through his personal exposure to the American culture. 1) When you get your hands dirty, it does not necessarily mean in the American culture that you‘ve done some manual work and need to wash your hand. (practice something, be engaged in doing something)
2) When you have enough dumbbells(哑铃), it does not necessarily mean that you keep pairs of this instrument for regular physical practices. (have lots of stupid guys) 语言与文化的相互作用可以从篇章结构的语音变化范围。 卡普兰（1966）：一个文本往往是特定文化的组织结构。 奈达（1998）：言语有时是―地道的统治‖和―文化的‖。
杨永林（1993）通过个人接触美国文化进行了几个案例研究。
1）当你把你的手弄脏，它不一定在美国文化中，意味着你已经做了一些体力工作，需要洗你的手。（实践的东西，忙于做某事） 2）当你有足够的哑铃（哑铃），这并不一定意味着你保持定期的体育实践这个仪器对。（有很多愚蠢的家伙）
V. Contrast of Language Families对比语言的家庭
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印欧语言：严式语言→严式思维轨迹→构造分析→逻辑演绎→智性精神 汉语语言：宽式语言→宽式思维轨迹→整体领悟→类比联想→悟性精神
Group Discussion: Major differences between Chinese and Western culture (A video)
VI. Stepping into Culture Culture-loaded words 六、进入文化 文化负载词
烫手的山芋 vs. hot potato
雨后春笋 vs. spring like mushroom
大鱼大肉、鱼肉百姓、酒肉朋友vs. meat and potatoes meat and drink to someone kill the goose that lays the golden eggs vs. 杀鸡取卵 Cold words vs. 冷言冷语
Constant dropping wears the stone. vs. 滴水穿石 Diamond cut diamond. vs. 棋逢对手
Kill a man when he is down. vs. 落井下石
Idiomatic Phrases in General在一般的习语 成语 (set phrase)
俗语 (common saying) 谚语 (proverb) 典故 (allusion) 格言 (maxim)
歇后语 (allegorical saying) 俚语 (slang)
Origin of Idioms 1. Literature Works 习语的起源 1。文学作品
man Friday 忠仆，得力助手——出自《鲁滨逊漂流记》
screw one‘s courage 鼓起勇气，壮起胆子——出自莎士比亚《麦克白》 pond of flesh 合情但悖于情理的要求——出自莎士比亚《威尼斯商人》 2. Bible Stories圣经故事
Judas?s kiss 犹大之吻（比喻出卖朋友）
much cry and little wool 雷声大，雨点小（比喻空叫喊） turn the other cheek 忍受暴力；忍受侮辱
the widow‘s cruse 寡妇的坛子（比喻取之不尽的财源） 3. Fairy Tales of Greece & Rome希腊和罗马神话故事 Midas‘s touch 事事都能挣大钱的本领；点石成金 Pandora's box 潘多拉的盒子（引申为灾祸之源） pay the piper 付出惨痛的代价；自食其果
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4. Ancient Fables古代寓言
naked truth 原原本本的事实，赤裸裸的事实 sour grapes 聊以自慰的话 cat‘s paw 被别人利用的人 the lion‘s share 最大的份额 bell the cat 替别人冒风险
kill the goose that laid the golden eggs 杀鸡取卵、涸泽而渔 5. Historical Episodes历史事件
meet one‘s waterloo 遭遇惨败（拿破仑在滑铁卢的惨败vs.中国的败走麦城） 6. Anecdotes of Celebrities Carey street 破产
Mickey mouse 米老鼠（无关紧要的人物） 7. Tradition & Customs
feather in one‘s cap 炫耀荣誉
get up from the wrong side of bed 一大早就发脾气，心情不好 8. Animal Habits动物的生活习性 as timid as rabbit 胆小如鼠 as wise as owls 聪明 swan’s song 告别演出
no spring chicken 已不再年轻的女人 9. Sailing帆船
on the rocks 触礁、频临毁灭
keep one‘s head above the water 管理好个人、理好财 all at sea 茫然
go with stream 随波逐流
10. Agricultural Plants农业植物
hear through the grapevine 道听途说 bed of roses 舒适的生活
let sleeping dogs lie 切莫惹是生非 11. Daily Lives日常生活
a dark horse 黑马，爆出冷门的获胜者 go fishing 盲目地到处寻找信息
fall head over heels in love 爱得神魂颠倒
Enjoy a song with idiomatic uses in English: Everything at Once (A video)
Unit 2 A General Survey of the United Kingdom英国概况
Objectives ·To get to know basic features of the United Kingdom ·To be aware of the brief history of the United Kingdom
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Contents
Part I Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom ·Location ·Constitution ·Geography ·Climate ·National capital city and River Thames ·National flag and national anthem ·People ·The English Language
Part II Brief history of Great Britain ·Great Britain in Prehistoric age: early settlers, Celts and Romans ·Great Britain in the middle ages: from 446 to 1901 ·Modern Britain: from the 20th century to now 目标
?了解英国的基本特征 ?意识到英国的简史 内容
第一部分简要介绍了英国 ?位置 ?宪法 ?地理 ?气候
?全国省会城市和泰晤士河畔 ?国旗和国歌 ?人 ?英语
第二部分英国简史
?英国史前时代：早期的定居者，凯尔特人和罗马人 ?英国中世纪：从446到1901 ?现代英国：从第二十世纪到现在
Teaching Plan
Part I. A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom
教学计划
第一部分简要介绍了英国
There is an island country that lies northwest of the European Continent across the English Channel. The full name of this country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which is commonly known as the United Kingdom, Great Britain, or Britain. 这是一个岛国，位于在英国的欧洲大陆西北通道。这个国家的全称为大不列颠及北爱尔兰联
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合王国，这就是俗称的英国，英国，或英国。
1. Location 2. Constitution
Great Britain is made up of four parts within the one nation-state: the island of Great Britain is made up of England, Scotland and Wales, and Northern Ireland.
3. Geography
Geographically, Great Britain is divided into two parts: the Highland Zone in the north and the Lowland Zone in the south.
4. Climate
Great Britain is in the northern temperate zone. It is favored with oceanic climate.
5. National capital city and River Thames
The national capital of Great Britain is London, a city on the River Thames. River Thames is well known to the world because it flows through London before it empties into the North Sea. The longest river is River Severn which is 355 kilometers long.
6. National flag and national anthem
Its national flag is called the Union Jack, so called because Great Britain is historically a ―union of nations‖.―God Save the Queen‖ is the national anthem of Great Britain.
7. People
Great Britain has a population of about 60 million in 2003, of whom over 80% live in England.
8. The English Language
The official language of Great Britain is English. The word English means the language of the Angles.
1。的位置 2。宪法
英国是由四个部分组成，在一个民族国家：大不列颠岛由英格兰，苏格兰和威尔士，和北爱尔兰。 3。地理
在地理上，英国分为两部分：北部高原区和南部低洼区。 4。气候
英国在北温带。它是受到海洋性气候。 5。全国省会城市和泰晤士河畔
英国的首都是伦敦，泰晤士河上的城市。泰晤士河是世界上著名的因为它流经伦敦之前，流入北海。最长的河是塞文河，长355公里。 6。国旗和国歌
国旗被称为―联合杰克，这么说是因为英国在历史上是一个―联合国‖。―上帝拯救女王‖是英国国歌。 7。的人
英国的人口在2003约60000000，其中80%以上生活在英国。 8。英语语言
英国的官方语言是英语。这个词的英文是天使的语言。
Part II. A brief history of Great Britain
The history of Great Britain can roughly be divided into three stages.
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1. Great Britain in Prehistoric age: early settlers, Celts and Romans 2. Great Britain in the middle ages: from 446 to 1901
(1) The Anglo-Saxon Invasion (2) The Danish Invasion
(3) Norman Conquest (Medieval Britain) a) The Hundred Years’ War(1338-1453) b) The Black Death
c) The War of the Roses (1455-1485) (4) Tudor Britain
a) The Woolen Textile Industry and the Enclosure Movement b) The Renaissance
c) Religious Reformation d) The Elizabethan Age (5) Stuart Britain
a) Charles I and the Civil War b)Cromwell and the Commonwealth c) The Glorious Revolution d) The Industrial Revolution e) The Act of Union
f) Britain from 1776 to 1815
g) The Victorian Age and the Rising of the Second Empire
3. Modern Britain (the 20th century)
(1) The First Half of 20th Century
a) The First World War (1914-1918) b) The Easter Rising
c) World War II (1939-1945) (2) The Second Half of 20th century
第二部分。一个英国简史
英国的历史大致可以分为三个阶段。
1。英国在史前时代：早期的定居者，凯尔特人和罗马人 2。英国在中世纪：从446到1901 （1）的盎格鲁撒克逊人入侵 （2）丹麦入侵
（3）诺尔曼征服（中世纪英国） 一）百年战争（1338-1453） B）黑死
C）的玫瑰战争（1455-1485） （4）英国都铎王朝 一）羊毛纺织业和圈地运动 B）文艺复兴 C）的宗教改革
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D）伊丽莎白时代 （5）斯图尔特英国 一）查尔斯我和内战 B）克伦威尔和英联邦 C）的光荣革命 D）工业革命 E）的联合行动中 f）英国从1776到1815
G）的维多利亚时代和第二帝国的崛起 3。当代英国（第二十世纪） （1）第二十个世纪前半叶
一）第一次世界大战（1914-1918） B）复活节起义
c）第二次世界大战（1939-1945） （2）第二十世纪下半叶
Tasks
Group work: based on the following topics, work in group of five to do sufficient research and then to make presentations in class.
1. If you were a London (or Edinburgh or Cardiff) city tour guide, you are supposed to introduce this fabulous city to a group of Chinese travelers, what are you going to say and where should you start? Try to impress your travelers.
2. We have mentioned that UK‘s changeable and uncertain weather has had a definite effect upon the Englishman‘s character; it tends to make him cautious and adaptable. Try to find out evidence to support this statement.
3. Recent years, smog, a kind of strange weather, has blanketed most cities in China. It has affected people‘s normal life and most importantly, it may lead to possible health implications. Similarly, London used to be called foggy city. Did the fog influence the city of London? What are the causes? What were the effective measures they had taken?
4. In Victorian age, London‘s Metropolitan Underground Steam Railway opened. Thirty years later, the first electric underground railway began to operate and the electric trains began to replace the horse trains. Bicycles became very popular in Britain by the 1890s. How about the transportation nowadays?
5. In the history of Great Britain, many female monarch appeared and governed the country remarkably. While in China, there is only one queen. To some extent, this could show that the women‘ social status between the two countries differs. Please find out the women‘ social status in Great Britain and the changes in different periods.
6. 任务
7. 工作组：基于以下主题，工作组五做足够的研究，然后在课堂上做演讲。
8. 1。如果你是一个伦敦（爱丁堡或加的夫）城市的旅游指南，你应该将这个神奇的城市的中国旅行者集团，你有什么要说的话，你从哪里开始呢？试图让你的旅行。
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9. 2。我们已经提到，英国的多变和不确定的天气确实已经影响了英国人的性格；这会让他谨慎和适应性。试图找出证据来支持这种说法。
10. 3。近年来，烟雾，一种奇怪的天气，覆盖了中国绝大部分城市。它影响了人们的正常生活，最重要的是，它可能会导致可能的健康影响。同样，伦敦曾被称为多雾的城市。干雾影响的伦敦金融城？的原因是什么？他们采取了有效的措施是什么？
11. 4。在维多利亚时代，伦敦的地下蒸汽铁路开通。三十年以后，第一个电动地下铁路开始运行，电气火车开始取代马列车。自行车很受欢迎，在英国19世纪90年代。那里的交通情况如何呢？
12. 5。在英国的历史，许多女君主统治国家明显出现。而在中国，只有一个女王。在某种程度上，这可能表明，女性的社会地位的两个国家之间的不同。请找出英国妇女的社会地位和不同时期的变化。
Supplementary Materials
History of Britain---timeline and facts ( pic. 1) History of Britain (Chinese Version)
Recommended movies: King Arthur, Brave Heart, The other Boleyn girl, Elizabeth, The Madness of King George, The Duchess, The young Victoria, The lost prince, The King‘s speech, The queen Recommended operas: The Tudors, Merlin/ Camelot, The Devil‘s whore, Elizabeth I, Black Adder
补充材料
英国——时间表和历史事实（PIC。1。 英国的历史（中文版）
推荐电影：亚瑟国王，勇敢的心，另一个博林家的女孩，伊丽莎白，乔治，公爵夫人的疯狂，年轻的维多利亚，失落的王子，国王的演讲，女王
推荐的歌剧：都铎王朝，梅林/ Camelot，魔鬼的妓女，伊丽莎白一世，黑蝰蛇
Unit 3 The Introduction of the United States美国引进的
I. A Brief Introduction
The USA is the short of the United States of America. The USA is made up of 50 states. It is in the North America. It lies between Canada and Mexico. The total area of America is about 9.5 million square Kilometers. It is the fourth largest country in the world. There are over 300 million people living there now.
The capital of the USA is Washington, D.C. New York is the biggest city. The official language is English. Its National Day is on July 4th. America is a very young country. It only has about 200 years history. It is the most powerful country in the world today.
一、简介
美国是美国的美国的短。美国由50个州。它是在北美国。它位于加拿大和墨西哥之间。美国的总面积约9500000平方公里。它是世界上第四大的国家。有超过300000000人。
美国的首都是华盛顿哥伦比亚特区纽约是最大的城市。官方语言为英语。其国庆节是七月四日。美国是一个年轻的国家。仅仅有200年的历史。这是今天世界上最强大的国家。
II. The American flag
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? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Names: The American flag, The Stars and Stripes; Red, White and Blue; Old Glory; The Star-Spangled Banner
Use: National flag and ensign Proportion: 10:19
Adopted: June 14, 1777 (original 13-star version) July 4, 1960 (current 50-star version)
Design: Thirteen horizontal stripes alternating red and white; in the canton, 50 white stars of alternating numbers of six and five per row on a blue field
II。美国国旗
?名称：美国国旗，星星和条纹；红色，白色和蓝色的；旧的荣耀；星条旗 ?使用：国旗和军旗 ?比例：19
?采用：1777年6月14日（原13星版） 1960年7月4日?（电流50星版）
?设计：十三横条纹交替的红色和白色的；在广东，50白星六和五每行交替数在蓝色场
III. Great Seal of the United States
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The Great Seal of the United States is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the United States federal government. The phrase is used both for the physical seal itself (which is kept by the United States Secretary of State), and more generally for the design impressed upon it. The Great Seal was first used publicly in 1782.
The obverse of the great seal is used as the national coat of arms of the United States. It is officially used on documents such as United States passports, military insignia, embassy placards, and various flags. As a coat of arms, the design has official colors; the physical Great Seal itself, as affixed to paper, is monochrome.
三、美国大密封
美国的国玺是用来验证由美国联邦政府发行的某些文件。?这句话是用于物理密封本身（这是由美国国务卿保存），以及更一般的设计让它。大封印首次公开1782。
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的国玺正面作为美国的武器国家外套。?它是用正式文件如美国护照，徽章，大使馆的标语牌，和各种旗帜。作为一个纹章，设计具有官方色彩；物理国玺本身，如贴文，是单色的。
IV. American Anthem
\Star-Spangled Banner\is the national anthem of the United States. The lyrics come from \of Fort M'Henry\a poem written in 1814 by the 35-year-old lawyer and amateur poet, Francis Scott Key, after witnessing the bombardment of Fort McHenry by British ships of the Royal Navy in Chesapeake Bay during the Battle of Fort McHenry in the War of 1812.
\Star-Spangled Banner\was recognized for official use by the Navy in 1889, and by President Woodrow Wilson in 1916, and was made the national anthem by a congressional resolution on March 3, 1931 (46 Stat. 1508, codified at 36 U.S.C. § 301), which was signed by President Herbert Hoover.
四、美国国歌
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―星条旗‖是美国国歌。歌词是从―堡m'henry防御‖，[ 1 ]的一首诗的35岁的律师和业余诗人在1814写的，弗兰西斯史葛的关键，目睹了麦克亨利堡在切萨皮克湾的皇家海军的英国船只轰击1812战争中麦克亨利堡战役期间后。 ―星条旗‖被认为是在1889由海军正式使用，并由伍德罗总统威尔逊1916，并使国歌的国会决议于1931年3月3日（46 Stat. 1508，编码36 U.S.C.§301），这是由赫伯特胡佛总统签署。
V. The United States Dollar
The United States dollar (sign: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$), is referred to as the U.S. dollar, or Federal Reserve Note. It is the official currency of the United States and its overseas territories. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents.
诉美国美元
美国美元（美元符号：；代码：美元；简称美元），被称为美元，或联邦储备券。这是美国及其海外领土的官方货币。它分为100个小单位称为美分。
VI. States of America
The United States of America is a federal republic consisting of 50 states and one federal district (Washington, D.C.). States of America
Out of the 50 states, California is the most populous, with an estimated 38,041,430 residents as of 2012; Wyoming is the least populous, with an estimated 576,412 residents.
The largest state by area is Alaska, encompassing 665,384 square miles (1,723,337 square kilometers), while the smallest is Rhode Island, encompassing 1,545 square miles (4,002 square kilometers).
The first state to ratify the current Constitution was Delaware, which it did on December 7, 1787, while the newest state is Hawaii, which was admitted to the Union on August 21, 1959.
六、美国州
美国的美国是一个联邦共和国由50个州和一个联邦区（华盛顿哥伦比亚特区）。 美国州
的50个州，加利福尼亚是最多的，有38041430的居民为2012；怀俄明是人口最少的，估计有576412居民。 通过面积最大的国家是阿拉斯加，包括665384平方英里（1723337平方公里），而最小的是罗得岛，包括1545平方英里（4002平方公里）。
批准的现行宪法的第一个州是特拉华，它是在1787年12月7日，而最新的国家是夏威夷，这是承认该联盟在1959年8月21日。
VII. Major Cities in the USA
Los Angeles
Los Angeles was founded on September 4, 1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence. In 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4, 1850, five months before California achieved statehood.
七。在美国的大城市 洛杉矶
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洛杉矶成立于1781年9月4日，由西班牙总督菲利佩de Neve。它成为墨西哥的一部分在1821墨西哥独立战争之后。1848，在墨西哥–美国人的战争结束，洛杉矶和加利福尼亚其他地区的购买瓜达卢佩伊达尔戈条约的一部分，从而成为美国的一部分。洛杉矶成立于1850年4月4日一个直辖市，五个月前，加利福尼亚实现建国。
Hollywood
Hollywood is a district in the central region of Los Angeles, California.
It is notable for its place as the home of the entertainment industry, including several of its historic studios. Its name has come to represent the motion picture industry of the United States. Hollywood is also a highly ethnically diverse, densely populated, economically diverse neighborhood and retail business district.
Disneyland
Disneyland is the world's largest general amusement. In 1955, it was founded in Los Angeles as the first Disneyland theme park by Walt Disney, the American animation master. It is divided into eight subject areas .
Disneyland in Los Angeles located in the middle of the Orange County in Los Angeles and San Diego City, is a veritable dream paradise.
好莱坞
好莱坞在洛杉矶中心区一个区，加利福尼亚。
它是娱乐业的家的地方值得注意的是，包括它的一些历史性的工作室。它的名字是代表美国的电影业。好莱坞也是一个高度不同的种族，人口稠密，经济多样化的邻里和零售商业区。 迪斯尼乐园
迪斯尼乐园是世界上最大的娱乐大众。1955，它成立于洛杉矶的迪斯尼乐园主题公园的第一个迪士尼，美国动画大师。它分为八个主题区。
在洛杉矶迪斯尼乐园位于奥兰治县的中间在洛杉矶和圣迭戈市，是一个名副其实的梦想天堂。
San Francisco
San Francisco, is the financial, cultural, and transportation center of the San Francisco Bay Area, a region of 7.5 million people which includes San Jose and Oakland. The only consolidated city-county in California,it encompasses a land area of about 46.9 square miles (121 km2)on the northern end of the San Francisco Peninsula, giving it a density of about 17,179 people per square mile (6,632 people per km2).
It is the most densely settled large city (population greater than 200,000) in the state of California and the second-most densely populated large city in the United States after New York City. San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in California and the 13th most populous city in the United States, with a population of 805,235 as of the 2010 Census. The San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont metropolitan area has a population of 4,335,391.
The Golden Gate
The Golden Gate is the North American strait connecting San Francisco Bay to the Pacific Ocean. Since 1937 it has been spanned by the Golden Gate Bridge. Technically, the 'gate' is defined by the headlands of the San Francisco Peninsula and the Marin Peninsula, while the 'strait' is the water flowing in between.
三藩
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三藩，是金融，文化，交通中心的三藩湾地区，7500000人，包括圣若泽和奥克兰地区。只有在加利福尼亚市郡联合，它包含一个约46.9平方英里（121平方公里）的土地面积在三藩半岛的北端，给它一个密度为每平方公里17179人（每平方公里6632人）。
它是最密集的大城市（人口超过200000）在加利福尼亚州第二大城市纽约人口最稠密的城市在美国。三藩是加利福尼亚人口最多的第四个城市和第十三个在美国人口最多的城市，拥有805235人口的2010次人口普查。三藩奥克兰弗里蒙特城市地区有4335391人口。 金门
金门是北美海峡连接三藩湾和太平洋。自1937以来，它已经跨越金门大桥。从技术上讲，―门‖是由三藩半岛和马林岬半岛的定义，而―海峡‖是流动的水在。
New York
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural capital of the world.The city is also referred to as New York City or The City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part.
纽约
纽约是美国和纽约都市圈的中心，人口最多的城市，一个在世界上人口最多的大都市区。纽约对全球贸易产生重大影响，金融，媒体，艺术，时尚，科研，技术，教育，娱乐。联合国总部的家，纽约是国际外交的重要中心，被誉为世界文化资本。这个城市也被称为纽约市或纽约来区分它从纽约州的城市，它是其中的一部分。
Broadway
Broadway is one of the avenues in the borough of Manhattan, New York City, United States, which runs through almost the entire length of Manhattan island and continues northward through the Bronx borough before terminating in Westchester County, New York. It is the oldest north–south main thoroughfare in the city, dating to the first New Amsterdam settlement. The name Broadway is the English literal translation of the Dutch name, Breede weg. A stretch of Broadway is known worldwide as the heart of the American theatre industry.
百老汇
百老汇是曼哈顿区，途径纽约市，美国，它贯穿于曼哈顿岛，几乎整个长度和继续向北穿过布朗克斯区在终止之前在威彻斯特郡，纽约。这是最古老的北–南主干道的城市，可以追溯到第一个新阿姆斯特丹殖民地。名称百老汇是荷兰名字的英文直译，布里德维格。一段百老汇是世界闻名的美国戏剧行业的心脏。
Famous Traveling Places in New York著名的旅游的地方在纽约 百老汇(Broadway)
布鲁克林大桥(Brooklyn Bridge）
大中央车站(Grand Central Terminal) 帝国大厦(The Empire State Building) 第五大道(Fifth Avenue) 华尔街(Wall Street)
联合国总部大楼(United Nations headquarters)
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林肯中心(Lincoln Center) 曼哈顿格林威治村(Greenwich Village)
美国自然历史博物馆(American Museum of Natural History)
时报广场和麦迪逊广场花园(Times Square and Madison Square Garden (MSG)) 中央公园(Central Park)
自由女神像(The Statue of Liberty) Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, \the United States Congress approved the creation of a federal district to become the national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution. The District is therefore not a part of any U.S. state. It was formed from land along the Potomac River donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia; however, the Virginia portion was returned by Congress in 1846.
The centers of all three branches of the federal government of the United States are located in the District, as are many of the nation's monuments and museums. Washington, D.C., hosts 176 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organization of American States (OAS), the Inter-American Development Bank, and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). The headquarters of many other institutions such as trade unions, non-profit organizations, lobbying groups, and professional associations are also located in the city.
The symbol of Washington D.C.
The White House ranked second on the AIA's\of America's Favorite Architecture\in 2007.
The Lincoln Memorial is an American memorial built to honor the 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln.
The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts on the Potomac River The United States Congress has ultimate authority over the District
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区，哥伦比亚特区正式的，通常被称为华盛顿，―区‖，或简单的特区，是美国的首都。1790年7月16日，美国国会通过了一个联邦区成为国家首都的美国宪法允许创建。因此，没有任何区是美国政府的一部分。它是沿着波托马克河在美国的马里兰州和弗吉尼亚捐赠土地形成的；然而，弗吉尼亚州的一部分返回国会在1846。
所有三个分支机构的美国联邦政府的中心位于区，为许多国家的纪念碑和博物馆。华盛顿哥伦比亚特区，主机176的外国大使馆以及世界银行总部，国际货币基金组织（IMF），美洲国家组织（OAS），美洲开发银行，和泛美卫生组织（PAHO）。许多其他机构，如工会，非营利组织的总部，游说团体，协会和专业协会也位于城市。 华盛顿特区的符号
白宫排名第二的友邦‖名单美国最喜爱的建筑―2007。
林肯纪念堂的建立是为了纪念美国第十六任总统林肯纪念美国，亚伯拉罕。 约翰F甘乃迪表演艺术中心在波托马克河 美国国会已经在该地区的最高权威
Chicago
Chicago is the largest city in the US state of Illinois and the third most populous city in the United States after Los Angeles and New York City. The city has around 2.7 million residents . Its
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metropolitan area, sometimes called \estimated 9.8 million people. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County, though a small portion also extends into DuPage County.
Daley Plaza
Daley Plaza with Picasso statue and City Hall in background. State law courts are in the building at right.
Chicago Bulls
Chicago Bulls are a professional basketball team based in Chicago, Illinois, playing in the Central Division of theEastern Conference in the National Basketball Association(NBA). The team was founded in 1966. They play their home games at the United Center. The team is well known for having one of the greatest dynasties in NBA and sports history during the 1990s, winning six championships in eight years with two three-peats. All six of those championship teams were led byMichael Jordan, Scottie Pippen, and coach Phil Jackson.
The greatest player in Chicago Bulls
In the summer of 1984 the team's fortunes changed forever when it received the third pick of the 1984 NBA Draft, after Houston and Portland. the Bulls grabbed shooting guard Michael Jordan. then Jordan has become the greatest player in NBA.
芝加哥
芝加哥是美国伊利诺斯州最大的城市，在美国第三个人口最稠密的城市在洛杉矶和纽约市。该市有大约2700000居民。其大都市地区，有时被称为―芝加哥‖，是美国第三大，估计有9800000人。芝加哥库克县的县城，但一小部分也延伸到了杜佩奇县。 戴利广场
戴利广场与毕加索的雕像和市政厅背景。州法院大楼里的右边。 芝加哥公牛队
芝加哥公牛队在芝加哥的一个职业篮球队，在伊利诺斯，在全国篮球协会东部中部赛区比赛（NBA）。球队成立于1966。他们在主场联合中心。团队有一个在NBA和运动在上世纪90年代，史上最伟大的朝代，众所周知，赢得六个总冠军在八年的二三连冠。所有这六个冠军队LED bymichael乔丹，皮蓬，而主教练菲尔杰克逊。 芝加哥公牛队最伟大的球员
在1984队命运的夏天永远改变了当它收到的1984 NBA选秀的第三选择，在休斯敦和波特兰。公牛队抓住了得分后卫迈克尔乔丹。然后，乔丹成为NBA最伟大的球员。
VIII. A Brief Introduction of American culture
The main content of American culture is the emphasize on individuals' value, the pursue of democracy and freedom, the promotion of deploitation and competition and the need of realistic and practicality. Its core is individualism: self first, personal need first, pursue of individual benefit and enjoyment, emphasize on achieving individual value by self-strive and self-design. This type of intentionally build up of personality and pursue customized individualism has its pros and cons, it gives incentives to people and make them exert on their potential and wisdom and as a result accelerate the development of the entire race and nation; on the other hand it is difficult to keep good relationship among people if everyone is egocentric thus make the entire society lack of unity.
American citizens emphasize on achievements and respect heroes. They have great sense in their hearts to praise success and heroes. Personal achievements are one of those with the highest
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value in Americans mind. Americans have very strong senses of success. Success is the pursuit of most Americans, it is their attractive future and the incentives for moving forward. They believe that one's personal value is equivalent to his achievements in his career. Some high achievers in their career such as entrepreneurs, scientists, artists and all kinds of super starts became modern heroes. The process and result of how they strived have become the frame of reference of social culture value and the real life text book for parents to educate their children.
American society has great movements within itself. These movements are shown in two aspects: movements amongst locations and movements inside the society. The United States are relatively more open and have more freedom. Developed transport and the tradition of adventure and sporty makes a lot of American migrate from countryside to cities, from downtown to uptown; and from north to the southern sunnyland, from one city to another. Unlike European countries, the social classes in America is not so stable. Further more, with the advocation of public education, movements upwards along the social ladder have become possible. Many people living in the states, no matter whether they are Native American or immigrants from overseas, have the same dreamof changing their social class and make their lifetime dreamcome true through their own efforts. This is what they often called \
第八。美国文化的一个简短的介绍
美国文化的主要内容是强调个人价值，民主和自由的追求，开拓、竞争和现实性和实用性，需要推广。其核心是个人主义：自第一，个人的需要第一，追求个人利益和享受，强调通过个人努力和自我设计实现个人价值。这种刻意塑造自我，追求个性化的个人主义有其利弊，它激励人民，使他们发挥他们的潜力和智慧，从而促进整个民族和国家的发展；另一方面很难在人与人之间保持良好的关系，如果每个人都是以自我为中心的，使整个社会缺乏统一。
美国公民注重成就和尊重的英雄。他们有很好的感觉在心里赞扬成功和英雄。个人成就是其中的一个在美国人的心目中的最高值。美国人有很强的感官的成功。成功是所有美国人的追求，是诱人的前景，前进的动力。他们认为，一个人的价值就等于他在事业上的成就。在这样的企业家，科学家的职业生涯有高成就的人，艺术家和各类明星，成了新时代的英雄。对他们个人奋斗的过程和结果成了社会文化价值取向的参照框架和现实生活的课本家长教育孩子。
美国是流动性很大的社会。这些变化主要表现在两个方面：中的位置和运动内部的社会运动。美国相对的开放和有更多的自由。发达的交通和冒险好动的传统使许多美国人从农村迁移到城市，从市区到小区；从北到南光明，从一个城市到另一个。不同于欧洲国家，美国社会阶级的不稳定。此外，与公共教育的普及，使沿着社会阶梯向上流动成为可能。许多生活在美国的人，无论他们是来自海外的美国或移民有相同的梦想，改变自己的社会地位，实现自己的人生dreamcome真正通过自己的努力。这是他们通常被称为―美国梦‖。
IX. Famous Universities in America
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, whose history, influence and wealth have made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world.
Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey, United States.Princeton has been associated with 35 Nobel laureates, 17 National Medal of Science winners, 2 Abel Prize winners, 5 Fields Medalists, and 3 National Humanities Medal recipients. Yale University is a private Ivy League research university located in New Haven, Connecticut. Fifty-one Nobel laureates have been affiliated with the University as students, faculty, or staff. Yale has graduated many notable alumni, including five U.S. Presidents, 19 U.S. Supreme Court Justices, and many foreign heads of state.
美国九、著名大学
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哈佛大学在剑桥，马萨诸塞州，其历史的一个私人的常春藤联盟大学的研究，影响和财富，使其成为世界上最有声望的大学。
普林斯顿大学是普林斯顿，新泽西，美国私立常春藤联盟大学研究。普林斯顿已经有35位诺贝尔奖获得者，17个国家科学奖得主，2位阿贝尔奖得主，5域，和3个国家人文奖章获得者。
耶鲁大学是一所私立的常春藤联盟大学位于纽黑文，康涅狄格州。五零一位诺贝尔奖获得者一直隶属于大学的学生，教师和工作人员。耶鲁大学毕业了许多著名的校友，其中包括五位美国总统，19美国最高法院的法官，以及许多外国元首。
X. A Nation of Immigrants
A look at the history of the United States indicates that this country has often been called ―a melting pot‖, where various immigrants and ethnic groups have learned to work together to build a unique nation. Even those ―original‖ Americans, the Indians, probably walked a land bridge from Asia to North America some thousands of years ago. So, who are the real Americans? The answer is that any and all of them are! And you, no matter where you come from, could also become an American should you want to. Then you would become another addition to America‘s wonderfully rich ―nation of immigrants‖.
The United States is currently shifting from being a nation of immigrants of mainly European descent to one of immigrants from other parts of the world, such as Asia and Latin America. The number of recent immigrants has increased rapidly. They desire to escape economic hardship and political oppression in their native countries as well as the desire to seek a better education and a more prosperous life in America, ―the land of opportunity‖. Although there are frequent conflicts between the cultures they have brought with them from the ―old country‖ and those found in America, most immigrants learn to adjust to and love their adopted land.
For immigrants from all parts of the world, the United States has been a ―melting pot‖ in which the foreigners have sometimes remained culturally and linguistically what they were in their native lands even as they move towards becoming citizens of the United States, a country whose people share a common cultural outlook and a set of values. All recollections of another way of life in another place are not melt away in the ―melting pot‖ --- nor should it. On the contrary, immigrants should maintain the languages, skills, religions, customs and arts of their own heritage, even while they are working towards entering the mainstream of American culture.
一个移民国家
在美国的历史看，这个国家经常被称为―熔炉‖，在不同的移民和民族学会了共同建设一个独特的民族。甚至那些―原始‖的美国人，印第安人，大概走了一个从亚洲到美国北部几千年以前的陆地桥。所以，谁是真正的美国人吗？答案是，任何和所有的人都！而你，不管你来自哪里，也可能成为美国应该要。然后你会成为美国的极其富有的―移民国家‖之外的另一。
美国目前正在从一个国家的主要欧洲裔移民的移民从世界的其他地方转移，如亚洲和拉丁美洲的美国。最近移民的数字急剧增加。他们希望摆脱经济困境、政治压迫本国以及寻找更好的教育和更富裕的生活在美国，―机遇‖的土地。虽然他们带来了他们从―旧‖的文化和那些被发现在美国之间的频繁冲突，大多数移民学会适应并热爱他们所选择的土地。 来自世界各地的移民，美国已经是一个―熔炉‖，外国人有时在文化和语言上他们在家乡的土地上为他们走向成为美国公民，甚至，一个国家的人都有一个共同的文化观和一套价值观。在另一个地方的另一种生活方式的记忆不融化在―熔炉‖——也不应该。相反，移民应该保持语言，技能，宗教，习俗和他们自己的传统艺术，甚至当他们正在进入美国文化主流。
XI. Thanks Giving
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The American Thanksgiving holiday began as a feast of thanksgiving in the early days of the American colonies almost four hundred years ago.
In 1620, a boat filled with more than one hundred people sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to settle in the New World. This religious group had begun to question the beliefs of the Church of England and they wanted to separate from it. The Pilgrims settled in what is now the state of Massachusetts. Their first winter in the New World was difficult. They had arrived too late to grow many crops, and without fresh food, half the colony died from disease. The following spring the Iroquois Indians taught them how to grow corn, a new food for the colonists. They showed them other crops to grow in the unfamiliar soil and how to hunt and fish.
In the autumn of 1621, bountiful crops of corn, barley, beans and pumpkins were harvested. The colonists had much to be thankful for, so a feast was planned. They invited the local Indian chief and 90 Indians. The Indians brought deer to roast with the turkeys and other wild game offered by the colonists. The colonists had learned how to cook cranberries and different kinds of corn and squash dishes from the Indians. To this first Thanksgiving, the Indians had even brought popcorn.
In following years, many of the original colonists celebrated the autumn harvest with a feast of thanks.After the United States became an independent country, Congress recommended one yearly day of thanksgiving for the whole nation to celebrate. George Washington suggested the date November 26 as Thanksgiving Day. Then in 1863, at the end of a long and bloody civil war, Abraham Lincoln asked all Americans to set aside the last Thursday in November as a day of thanksgiving.
Thanksgiving falls on the fourth Thursday of November, a different date every year. The President must proclaim that date as the official celebration.
Thanksgiving is a time for tradition and sharing. Even if they live far away, family members gather for a reunion at the house of an older relative. All give thanks together for the good things that they have.
In this spirit of sharing, civic groups and charitable organizations offer a traditional meal to those in need, particularly the homeless. On most tables throughout the United States, foods eaten at the first thanksgiving have become traditional.
Turkey, corn, pumpkins and cranberry sauce are symbols which represent the first Thanksgiving. Now all of these symbols are drawn on holiday decorations and greeting cards. The use of corn meant the survival of the colonies. \corn\as a table or door decoration represents the harvest and the fall season. Sweet-sour cranberry sauce, or cranberry jelly, was on the first Thanksgiving table and is still served today. The cranberry is a small, sour berry. It grows in bogs, or muddy areas, in Massachusetts and other New England states. The Indians used the fruit to treat infections. They used the juice to dye their rugs and blankets. They taught the colonists how to cook the berries with sweetener）and water to make a sauce. The Indians called it \which means \berry.\bent the stalk over, and it resembled the long-necked bird called a crane. The berries are still grown in New England.
In 1988, a Thanksgiving ceremony of a different kind took place at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine. More than four thousand people gathered on Thanksgiving night. Among them were Native Americans representing tribes from all over the country and descendants of people whose
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ancestors had migrated to the New World. The ceremony was a public acknowledgment of the Indians' role in the first Thanksgiving 350 years ago. Until recently most schoolchildren believed that the Pilgrims cooked the entire Thanksgiving feast, and offered it to the Indians. In fact, the feast was planned to thank the Indians for teaching them how to cook those foods. Without the Indians, the first settlers would not have survived.
感恩
美国的感恩节开始作为感恩节盛宴在早期的美洲殖民地几乎是四百年前。
1620，一个装满了超过一百人横渡大西洋洋定居在新的世界的船。这个宗教团体开始质疑英国教会的信仰，他们想脱离它。朝圣者在现在的马萨诸塞州定居下来。他们在新大陆的第一个冬天是困难的。他们到得太晚了许多作物的生长，没有新鲜食物，一半的殖民死于疾病。下面的春季易洛魁印第安人教他们如何种植玉米，一种新的殖民者食物。他们表现出他们的其他作物生长在陌生的土地，如何打猎和捕鱼。
1621的秋天，玉米，大麦丰收，豆类和南瓜收获。他们非常感激，所以节日计划。他们邀请了当地的印第安酋长和90个印度人。印第安人带来鹿和火鸡和其他野生动物的殖民者提供烤。移民们学会了做饭和越橘不同类型的玉米和南瓜菜的印度人。第一次感恩节，印第安人甚至带来了爆米花。
在随后的几年中，许多原来的殖民者庆祝秋收盛宴。在美国成为一个独立的国家，美国国会每年建议每天一个感恩的全国庆祝。乔治华盛顿建议日期十一月二十六日的感恩节。然后在1863，在长期的血腥内战结束，亚伯拉罕林肯要求所有的美国人留出上周四在十一月的一天感恩。
感恩节是在十一月的第四个星期四，每年的日期都不同。主席必须宣布日期作为官方庆祝活动。
感恩节是一个传统和分享。即使他们住在很远的地方，家庭成员聚在一个年长的亲戚家团聚。感谢所有在一起，他们有好东西。
在这种精神的共享，公民团体和慈善机构给那些需要帮助的人提供一顿传统，特别是那些无家可归的人。许多美国人的餐桌上，在第一个感恩节吃的食物已成为传统。
火鸡，玉米，南瓜和小红莓酱都是第一次感恩节的象征。现在所有这些符号绘制的节日装饰和贺卡。玉米的使用意味着生存的殖民地。‖印第安玉米‖作为一个表或车门装饰代表着收获和秋天。
甜酸红莓酱，或蔓越莓果冻，是第一次感恩节桌上，今天仍然是服务。越橘是一个小的，酸浆果。它生长在沼泽，或泥泞的地方，在马萨诸塞州和其他州的新英格兰。印第安人用水果治疗感染。他们用汁染色的地毯和毯子。他们教会了他们如何做浆果甜味剂）和水调成味汁。印第安人称它为―ibimi‖的意思是―痛苦的果实。‖当他们看到它，他们把它命名为―鹤莓‖因为果茎弯曲的花朵，它类似长颈鸟叫做鹤。浆果仍生长在新英格兰。
1988，一种不同的感恩节仪式在圣约翰大教堂举行。四千多人聚集在感恩节的晚上。其中有印第安人代表所有人的祖先迁移到新世界的国家和部落的后裔。
仪式上公开承认了印第安人的在350年前的第一次感恩节。直到最近，大多数学生认为，朝圣者准备了整个感恩节大餐，并提供给印第安人。事实上，晚宴是为感谢印第安人教他们如何煮食物。没有印度人，第一批定居者就无法生存。
Questions for Discussion
Have you been in touch with American culture before?
(1) Do you think American culture is a shock for Chinese culture? (2) Do you think it is attractive?
(3) Which side do you be in touch with most ? (4) How do you usually be in touch with it ?
(5) Every culture has advantages and disadvantages . What do you think these about the
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A. British Newspaper and Magazines B. American Newspaper and Magazines (5) Television and Radio A. British Television and Radio B. American Television and Radio
(6) The Internet Development A. The Introduction of Internet
B. The Ten Most Important Moment about American Internet 9. The Trend of Media Development
II。内容 6中的铅
（6）大众传媒的定义 （7）媒体功能
（8）大众媒体的例子 （9）媒体今天
（10）大众传媒的重要性 7大众传媒的一般分类 （7）广播媒体 （8）打印介质 （9）网络媒体 （10）户外媒体 8媒体的详细分类 （4）报纸和杂志 英国的报纸和杂志 B.美国报纸和杂志 （5）的电视和广播 英国的电视和广播 B.美国电视广播 （6）互联网的发展 答：因特网
B.十美国互联网最重要的时刻 9媒体的发展趋势
III. Group Tasks for In-class Presentations
? Students in groups of four to five are supposed to do some research work after class and
cooperate to prepare and make 6-to-8-minute multi-media presentations on one of the topics given below. (Five presentations are expected for each unit.) 1. British Newspapers and Magazines 2. American Newspapers and Magazines 3. British Television and Radio 4. American Television and Radio
5. Internet development and current situation
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6. Share one or two of the TV commercials that you think are interesting to your class and explain the reasons why you like them.
7. Find some news that you have interest in by searching one of the following websites: http://timesonline.newspaperdirect.com/epaper/viewer.aspx http://edition.cnn.com/ http://www.voanews.com/ http://www.ew.com/ew/
8. Share one of the British or American TV shows that you like to your classmates by using a short video clip of it.
9. Among all the means of mass media, which one do you think is more popular and influential in people‘s daily life now?
第三组的任务在课堂报告
学生组四到五都应该做一些研究工作在课后和合作准备在一个下面给出的话题让6-to-8-minute多媒体演示。?（五演示将为每个单位。） 1英国的报纸和杂志 2，美国的报纸和杂志 3英国的电视和广播 4美国的电视和广播 5互联网的发展和现状
6。分享一个或两个电视广告，你觉得你的课很有趣并解释你为什么喜欢他们。 7。找到一些新闻，通过搜索以下其中一个网站你有兴趣： http://timesonline.newspaperdirect.com/epaper/viewer.aspx http://edition.cnn.com/ http://www.voanews.com/ http://www.ew.com/ew/
8。分享一个英国或美国的电视节目，你喜欢你的同学们通过使用短的视频剪辑。 9。大众传媒的所有方式中，你认为哪一个是人们日常生活中越来越流行，影响了吗？
IV. Supplementary Materials ? Recommended Movies for this unit:
? Friends (1994)
? Everybody loves Ramond (1996) ? The Big Bang Theory (2007)
四、补充材料
电影推荐本单元：? ?朋友（1994）
?人人都爱雷蒙德（1996） ?大爆炸理论（2007）
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Unit 8 American Education
Teaching Objectives:
To help students understand the philosophy of American education; To give a general introduction of American education system;
To provoke students’ thinking about issues related to education in US and China.
Teaching method: multi-media instruction, classroom discussion, students‘ presentation
Focal points: The goal of education, universal literacy, free and compulsory public , a local matter, several levels of schooling, progressive education, grading policy, categories of institutions，problems in American education
单元8的美国教育 教学目标：
帮助学生了解美国的教育哲学； 给美国的教育系统介绍；
引发学生对美国和中国教育相关问题的思考。 教学方法：多媒体教学，课堂讨论，学生的表现
重点：教育目标，普遍识字，自由和公共必修，一个地方的问题，学校教育，进步教育，分级政策的几个层次，类别的机构，在美国的教育问题
Writer’s note: 英美教育是个非常宽泛的主题，在此我们只选择了美国教育，因为学生对美国教育了解的多，也更倾向于去美国留学。2个课时对于讲座和学生活动来说非常有限，在备课时我们准备的材料相对较多，这个文本教案里面给的reference是从参考教材和网络上选取的，课件制作遵循了大纲型简洁原则，如果其他教师根据自己学生的英语水平、兴趣和上课时间也可以进行增加或者删减。另外英国教育部分本教案没有涉及，如果有需要讲这部分的老师我们在网上搜了一些教案和材料以供参考。 最后，教案准备得比较仓促，关于内容和方法我们两个在合作中有不少分歧，课件还不够完善，欢迎各位老师给我们提出宝贵的意见。
Part 1 General view to American education (history, goal and characteristics)
Step 1. List some numbers and facts about American education and discuss the warm-up question: why is education important? what‘s the goal of education?
? 100,000 elementary and secondary schools for 70 million young Americans ? 12 grades for elementary and secondary schooling: 5 h/d and 5 d/w ? 2 to 4 years for colleges and universities ? public (90%) and private schools (10%) ? $200,000 million of expenses annually
Why is education important? What‘s the goal of education?
Reference:
1一般认为美国教育（历史，目标和特点）
步骤1。列出了一些数字和事实，讨论关于美国教育的热身的问题：教育为什么很重要？教育的目标是什么？
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?100000小学和中学的70000000年轻的美国人 ?12年级为小学和中学教育：5小时/ d和5 d／w ?2到4年的学院和大学
?公共和私立学校（90%）（10%） ?每年200000000000美元的费用 教育为什么很重要？教育的目标是什么？ 参考：
Step 2: Discuss the importance of education by mentioning its history and the belief of early settlers.
education in the United States has been shaped by the American belief in a free, democratic society. In turn, education has helped to shape that society. The survival of a democracy depends upon the intelligent participation of all its citizens. Every American needs to be educated so that he can understand and take part in affaires of government, both local and national. He must also have educational opportunities to develop vocational skills. Education is the key that opens the doors to responsible citizenship and a productive life.
-----The USA customs and institutions Ethel and MRTIN Tiersky. 1975
The importance of education has been respected since the early settlers arrived in the wilderness.
? Rooted in the Old World
? The belief of early settlers---education was fundamental to religion and to service of the commonwealth.
? With the achievement of independence, American education came into its own.
? The Post-Civil War era was marked by the proliferating of compulsory education laws and the rapid expansion of public schools.
?
教育在美国已经被在一个自由的美国信念形的，民主的社会。反过来，教育有助于塑造社会。民主的生存取决于其所有公民的智力参与。每一个美国人都需要接受教育，所以他能理解并参与事务的政府，地方和国家。他还必须发展职业技能教育的机会。教育是通向负责任的公民和生产生活的大门的钥匙。 ?
-----美国海关和机构埃塞尔和马丁尔斯基。1975
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? ? ? ? ?
教育的重要性得到了尊重自早期的定居者来到旷野。 ?植根于旧世界
?信仰的早期定居者——教育是宗教和英联邦国家的服务基础。 ?与独立的成就，美国教育变成自己的。
?后内战时代被增殖的义务教育法，公立学校的快速扩展标记。
Reference:
American education, like all the other elements of American culture, is
rooted in the Old World . When The Puritan settled to the New World , they hold so strong spiritual belief that they consider the education of next generation was important to further “purify” the church and perfect social living. Therefore, the Puritans established schools as they set up churches. They formed the first publicly funded secondary school in America in 1635, called the Boston Latin School , and it is also the oldest educational
institution in the country. Later the first American College Harvard College is established in Cambridge .
The Massachusetts Law of 1642 is passed to endow parents the responsibility for the education of their children. In 1647, Massachusetts passed another law for parental negligence to education of their children. Towns of a hundred families must have a grammar schoolmaster who could prepare children to attend Harvard College . Then the American colonists established schools and brought in schoolmasters.
With the achievement of independence, American education came into its own. The founding fathers of the US, who themselves were educators, laid down the pricnciples and institutions of education which still flourish. By 1850, every state had provided for a system of free public schools open to all children and paid for by public taxes. Meanwhile, state-supported colleges and universities had already been established in many states.
Consequently, compulsory education laws proliferated at an astonishing rate, and public schools expanded rapidly. In 1852, Massachusetts passed the first compulsory education law in the new nation, covering young people 6 to 16 years old.
It was during the latter part of the 19th and the early part of the 20th century that fundamental assumptions about the American educational system were shaped. Goal of education
Step3 : The goal of education Reference:
参考：
美国的教育，就像美国其他文化要素，是根植于旧世界。当清教徒定居到新世界，他们拥有如此强大的精神信仰，他们认为下一代的教育是重要的进一步―净化‖教堂和完善的社会生活。因此，清教徒建立了学校，为他们设立的教会。他们在1635形成了第一个公立中学在美国，称为波士顿拉丁学校，也是美国最老的教育机构。后的第一个美国大学哈佛学院在剑桥成立。
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