英汉翻译复习材料 第二章 翻译的过程
1.翻译下列句子，注意斜体部分的表达并说明翻译的特点 1) We refused to take the advice and failed. 【译文】我们没有听劝告，结果失败了。 2) They are all of an age.
【译文】他们的岁数都相同。 3) I was shanghaied in Shanghai. 【译文】我在上海受骗了。 4) Don’t ride the high horse. 【译文】不要趾高气扬。
5) The teacher is popular with his students.（主动形式，被动意义） 【译文】这位老师很受学生的欢迎。 6) He had a fast life, drinking and gambling.
【译文】他过着放荡的生活，又酗酒又赌博。 7) Man has to fight his way through life on earth! 【译文】人生在世，要奋斗不息。
8) He would be quite a likeable fellow if only he wouldn’t act the goat so much. 【译文】只要他不恶作剧，就是个讨人喜欢的小伙子。 9) John can be relied on, he eats no fish and plays the game. 译文】约翰为人可靠，诚实又正直。
10) Nehru had evidently come to think of their country as the equal of China, or even her superior. 【译文】尼赫鲁显然认为他们的国家应该同中国平起平坐，甚至要高出中国一头。 11) It will soon rain itself out and then we can have our walk. 【译文】雨快停了，我们就能去散步。 12) She was eighteen and beautiful. 【译文】她年方18，天生丽质。
13) There are some beautiful Chinese girls in the picture. 【译文】画中是几个中国美女。（图上是几个漂亮的中国女子。） 14) He was a good father, within his limitations.
【译文】他是个好父亲，虽然也有这样那样的缺点。
15) “Look at that old lady, she’s doing everything wrong.” 【译文】“看看那位老太太，她那个样子最容易出问题。” 1．翻译下列段落
In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone call made after 11 :00 p.m. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it’s a mater of life and death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance. 【译文】在美国，人们通常不在清早打电话给别人。如果你在早晨别人刮脸或吃早餐的时候打电话来，那就意味着你有非常重要而紧急的事请。晚上11点之后打来电话也一样。人们在睡觉的时间接到电话时就会以为发生了生死攸关的事。打电话所选择的时间表示事情的重要程度。
第三章 英汉语言对比
课堂互动1翻译句子，注意语序和语态
1．I suppose that if a man has a confused mind he will write in a confused way, if his temper is capricious his prose will be fantastical, and if he has a quick, darting intelligence that is reminded by the matter in hand of a hundred things, he will, unless he has great self-control, load his pages with metaphor and simile.
【译文】我想，如果一个人思路不清，写起文章来也会杂乱无章；如果他性情多变、喜怒无常，他的文章也会充满奇思妙想；如果他思路敏捷，能由眼前之事联想到上百件事，除非他有很强的自我约束力，他的文章就会满篇是比喻联想。 3．They often do not realize that bribery in various forms is on the increase in many countries and, in some, has been a way of life for centuries.
【译文】他们通常没意识到在很多国家，行行色色的贿赂行为正日益增多。在某些国家，这已成为人们几百年来的生活方式。
课堂互动2： 翻译句子，注意词义的选择（参考译文） 3．He is not so ill but he can come to school. 【译文】他还不至于病得不能上学。 4．She is at home in English. 【译文】他英语很棒。
5．He and he alone could control the situation. 【译文】他，只有他，才能控制局面。 6．It is raining cats and dogs outside. 【译文】外面下着倾盆大雨。 7．It is not half bad for a beginner.
【译文】就新手而言，这是相当不错的了。 8. Don’t make light of their design. 【译文】别轻视他们的方案。 9．He is a foreign-language student. 【译文】他是学外语的学生。
10．I came to the university this day 25 years ago. 【译文】二十五年前的今天，我来到这所大学。 11．We’ll be there this time next month.
【译文】下个月的这个时候，我们将到那儿。 12．I’m something of a carpenter. 【译文】我能作些木工活。
13．Xiao Gao is anything of a gentleman. 【译文】小高有点儿君子的风度。 14．He is nothing of a musician. 【译文】他全无音乐家的风范。
15．We sang the old year out and the New Year in. 【译文】我们以歌声辞旧迎新。
课堂互动3： 翻译句子，注意句子的结构转换（参考译文） 1．That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.
【译文】那是个是非之地，大家都看得出来。
2．I closed my eyes and said a prayer of thanks before putting the car in gear and returning to the highway.
【译文】我合上双目，感谢上苍，然后挂挡上路。 7．He accomplished this by getting rid of the irons with which his wrists and ankles were shackled, cutting through a double grille of oak and iron bars, descending twenty-five feet by a knotted sheet and blanket, and climbing a twenty-two-foot wall.（按照空间顺序）
【译文】他砸开了手铐脚镣，弄断了双层的橡木栅栏和铁条，用系在一起的床单和毯子从25英尺高处跳下，爬过了22英尺的高墙，终于逃了出来。
第五章词义的处理
课堂互动2：翻译下列句子, 注意词性和词义搭配（参考译文）
1. Just as exercise strengthens the heart and lungs, bones and muscles, it may also power up the brain. 【译文】运动不但能强心、健肺、壮骨、筋肌，而且还能健脑。 2. We shall never see his match.
【译文】他那样的人恐怕不会有第二个了。 3. The vote was 35 to 25, a margin of 10.
【译文】表决的结果是35票对25票，相差10票。 4. The report is thoroughly sourced. 【译文】这项报告的来源很完备。
5. This hotel can’t be matched for friendliness. 【译文】这家旅馆服务态度之好无与伦比。 6. She was rather advanced in years for a maiden.
【译文】在没有结婚的女孩子中，她年龄算是相当大了。 7. Every one of us poured forth his expertise.
【译文】我们每个人都充分发挥了自己的专长。 8. I’ll not abuse your hospitality.
【译文】我不会辜负你的热情厚谊。
9. I long for you terribly. The moment we say good-bye and I close the door, my torment begins. 【译文】我想你想得要命，我们一分手，关上门，我心里便觉得煎熬。
10. Our arguments were often brought before our father, and I guess I was either generally in the right, or else a better debater, because the judgment was usually in my favor.
【译文】我们往往争到父亲那里去。我想，或者是我总有理，或者我善于抓理，因为评起来通常是我有理。
课堂互动3： 翻译下列句子,注意词汇的基本意义、衍生意义、搭配意义（参考译文） 1) The sales of the book went deeply into the millions. 【译文】那本书销售达好几百万册。 2) He is four going on five.
【译文】他（四岁）快五岁了。 3) A pound does not go far these days.
【译文】目前一英镑买不到多少东西了。 4) I’ll give you ￡50, but I can't go any further. 【译文】我可以给你50英镑，但不能再多了。 5) This will go a long way toward world peace.
【译文】这对世界和平将起很大作用。
6) A fine appearance and comfort do not usually go together. 【译文】中看并不一定中用。
7) She has the qualities which go to the making of a good teacher. 【译文】她具有一个优秀教师所必需的素质。
8) A foreign language will go far towards widening our mental horizon. 【译文】外语会大大帮助我们开阔思想境界。 9) What he says goes. 【译文】他说了算数。
10) He made a promise and then went back on it. 【译文】他许下了诺言，但没有践行。
课堂互动4: 翻译下列句子,注意词义的近似、深化、升华（参考译文） 1．How they bow to that Creole because of her hundred thousand pounds!
【译文】瞧她们对那个克里奥尔奉承讨好的样儿，还不是看她有成千上万的财产吗！（深化） 2．The custom had its spring in another country. 【译文】这种风俗起源于别的国家。（近似）
3．David is swollen in everything, in body and in mind.
【译文】大卫真是虚有其表，身体虚胖，头脑空空如也。（近似）
4．The high-ceilinged room, the little balconies, alcoves, nooks and angles all suggest sanctuary, escape, creature comfort.
【译文】天花板高高的房间，小巧的楼厅，四进的斗室，僻静的角落，这一切都使人联想到静谧的圣殿、遁世避俗的处所和舒适的享受。（深化）
5．…and she held honour—a cheque for twenty thousand pounds with his signature —quite firmly in her hands.
【译文】她把她的战利品——一张他签字的两万英镑的支票——紧紧地攥在手中。（升华） 课堂互动5: 翻译句子, 注意具体词义抽象化和抽象词义具体化（参考译文） 1．The newspaper claims to be the mirror of the public opinion. 【译文】该报宣称忠实反映了公众的意见。
2．Application of laser in medicine is still in its infancy. 【译文】激光在医学中的应用仍处于发展的初期。
3．But no one forces you to go to sea. It gets in your blood. 【译文】但是谁也没有强迫你出海，是你心甘情愿嘛。
4．She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not one to let my heart rule my head. 【译文】她确实是一个动情的姑娘，不过我不是一个让感情支配理智的人。
5．As far as the head goes, at least, she does credit to the educational system pursued at my establishment. 【译文】不说别的，就智力才能而论，她确实能为本校所遵循的教育制度争光。 6．He gave up the sword for the plough. 【译文】他解甲归田了。
7．Behind him I see the long grey rollers of the Atlantic at work. 【译文】在他的身后，我看见大西洋上的灰色巨浪，汹涌起伏。
8．But, if public dissatisfaction continues to grow, or appears to do so, politicians may conclude that they have to do something, usually in the name of reform.
【译文】但是，如果公众的不满情绪继续上升，或者似乎将要上升， 政客们可能就会得出结论，认为必须采取行动，而且这种行动通常以改革为名。
9．A mixture of fear of the unknown and fear of disenchantment was tormenting her. 【译文】一种对陌生人的恐惧和唯恐美好想象破灭的混合感情折磨着她。
10．But it is best not to be intimate with gentlemen of this profession, and to take the calculations at second-hand, as you do logarithms, for to work them yourself, depend upon it, will cost you something considerable. (W. Thackeray: Vanity Fair)
【译文】不过我劝你少和靠这一行吃饭的家伙来往，你需要资料的话，完全可以间接打听，就像你运用现成的对数表似的就行了。信我的话，倘若自己调查的话，得花不少钱呢。 课堂互动6： 翻译下列句子, 注意原文的语言风格（参考译文）
1．How do we account for this split between the critics and the readers, the head and the heart? 【译文】评论家和读者之间，也就是理智和感情之间的这种分歧如何解释呢？
2．He has a very satirical eye. And if I do not begin by being impertinent myself, I shall soon grow afraid of him. (Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice)
【译文】他挖苦人的本领特别高明,要是我不先给他点厉害,我就会马上怕他呢。
3．It is easy to think to oneself that one’s emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one’s mind more keen.
【译文】人们往往对自己说，我过去感情多么丰富，思想多么敏锐，现在不行了。 4．They exhibited neither their glory nor superiority.
【译文】他们既未能争得光彩，也没有显出自己高人一等。 5．A thousand mustaches can live together, but not four breasts. 【译文】千条汉子能共处，两个婆娘难相容。
6．There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the terrorists. 【译文】恐怖主义分子的性格是既残暴又狡猾。
7．During the war, he was an embryo surgeon, and joined the mobile medical team. 【译文】在战争期间，他是一个初出茅庐的外科医生，参加了巡回医疗队。 8．Honesty pays itself.
【译文】诚实的人从来不会吃亏。 9．“You don’t look like a magician.” “What do I look like?” “A musician.”
“I did saw away at a fiddle once.”
“You did? Well, what’s the difference what you do so long as you make, you know what.” And she rubbed her thumb in her palm.
【译文】 “你看上去不像一个魔术师。” “我看上去像什么？” “像个乐师。”
“我从前拉过小提琴。”
“拉过吗？其实，不论干啥还不是一样，只要能弄到——这 个。”她用大拇指在手心搓了搓。
10. In a surprising display of accessibility, Beijing's top leaders have been meeting with almost every American visitor, right down to the lowliest junior congressional representative in town.
【译文】令人惊奇的是，北京的高层领导人表现得如此平易近人，他们几乎会见每位来访的美国人，其中包括来自小镇、资历不深的基层国会代表。
课堂互动7： 翻译下列句子, 注意比喻与典故（参考译文） 1．Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.