被动语态小结与专项训练
英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。通常只有及物动词才有被动，不及物动词加上介词后也可以有被动语态，但介词不可以省去。 例：The woman looks after the children.这位妇女照看这些孩子。（主语是look after的执行者） The children are looked after well. 孩子被照顾得很好。 the children和look after是被动关系。以下就动词常用时态，情态动词，非谓语动词的被动语态做一下小结。 一. 常用时态的被动
1.一般式的被动语态 （一般现在时，一般过去式） 构成 be + 动词的过去分词,动词be 根据时态和人称的变化而变化（is, am, are，was，were）
例： Rice is grown in the south of China.中国的南方种水稻。
I am often told to be careful by my mother.我经常被妈妈告诉要小心。 Trees are planted every spring.树每年春天植。
The boy was hit by a car yesterday.这个男孩昨天被车撞了。
The chairs were repaired yesterday morning.这些椅子昨天上午修好了。 2.进行式的被动语态 （现在进行时，过去进行时） 构成 be + being +动词的过去分词,动词be 根据时态和人称的变化而变化（is, am, are，was，were） The meeting is being had now.会正开着。
The water is being cleaned by the workers.水正由工人们弄干净。
A book was being borrowed by me at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候我在借书。 3. 完成式的被动语态（现在完成时，过去完成时） 构成：have,has, had +been + 动词的过去分词,动词have根据时态和人称的变化而变化
The sick man has been taken to the hospital.那个病人已经被带到医院去了。 The hospitals have been built already.这些医院已经被建成了。 4. 将来式的被动语态 （一般现在将来时，过去将来时）
构成：will/ shall，should/would＋be＋过去分词构成，动词根据时态和人称的变化而变化 例：
A new school will be built here next year.一所新的学校明年将在这里建成。 The roads are going to be widened soon.路很快就会被加宽。 The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 5.将来完成式的被动语态 （现在将来完成式，过去将来完成式）
由shall/will，should/would have been done＋过去分词构成，动词根据时态和人称的变化而变化
例：The project will have been completed before July.
He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.
6. 某些连系动词如 feel,prove,smell, sound, taste和及物动词act, lock,move,open, read, shut, sell, wash, write等可以用主动形式表示被动意义 The glass feels cold.这玻璃摸起来有点凉。
The dish tastes delicious. 这道菜唱起来美味可口。 The bike locks easily. 这两自行车容易锁。
The Lenovo computers in China sell well. 联想电脑在中国销路很好。 His voice records well。他的声音录下来很好听。 Nylon dries quickly. 尼龙织物干得快。
The window won't open. 这窗子打不开。 二.情态动词的被动语态。
情态动词can/ may/ must/ should＋be＋过去分词，根据语境选择使用情态动词。 The work can be done tomorrow.这个工作可以明天做。
The composition must be finished today.今天作文必须写完。 三．非谓语动词的被动语态
1. 不定式的被动语态：一般式由“to be+过去分词”构成，完成式由“to have been +过去分词”构成。如：
He needs to be taken care of. 他需要人照顾。 There are a lot of things to be done. 有很多事要做。
2. 现在分词的被动语态：一般式由“being+过去分词”构成。如：I saw her being taken to the operating room. 我看见她被送到手术室。
The building being repaired is our library. 正在维修的那座楼是我们的图书馆。 完成式由“having been +过去分词”构成
3. 动名词的被动语态：由“being+过去分词”构成。如：
She doesn’t like being kept waiting. 她不喜欢人家让她久等。 He was afraid of being laughed at. 他担心备人嘲笑。 4. 过去分词本身可以表示被动意义，所以没有相应的被动语态形式： The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。 5. 非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
1） 在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。
2） 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。 例The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）
3） 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon． (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)
试比较：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
4）在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。 例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.
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5） 在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。 例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6） 在there be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。 例There is no time to lose（to be lost）．（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。）
7）在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 例 Who is to blame for starting the fire? 四、介词短语表被动意义
1. “under +名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）。 例The building is under construction( is being constructed). 2．“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond belief (令人难以置信)， beyond one’s reach（鞭长莫及），beyond one’s control（无法控制），beyond our hope． 我们的成功始料不及。例The rumour is beyond belief（=can’t be believed）．
3.“above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超过……、高于……”。例His honest character is above all praise．=His honest character cannot be praised enough． 4．“for+名词”结构，表示 “适于……、 为着……”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。
例That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).
5．“in+名词”结构 ，表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在视野范围内)，等。 例The book is not yet in print．(=is not yet printed) 6．“on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事…… 中”。常见的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）, on trial（受审）。
例Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed). 7．“out of+名词”结构 ； 表示 “超出…… 之外“，常见的有：out of control (控制不了)，out of sight （超出视线之外），out of one’s reach(够不着), out of fashion(不流行)等。
例 The plane was out of control (can’t be controlled)． 。 8．“within+名词”结构，“在……内、不超过……”。
例He took two days off within the teacher's permission．
六、被动语态与系表结构的区别 当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：
1．如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。
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例The glass is broken．（系表结构）The glass was broken by the boy．（被动语态）
2．如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。
例The door is locked．系表结构The door has already/just been locked．被动语态）
3．被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。 例 The machine is being repaired． 【模拟试题】
一. 1. Meimei’s TV set ____________ at the moment.
A. is mending B. has mending C. is being mended D. is mended 2. Listen! A new song ____________ in their classroom. A. teaches B. Taught C. is teaching D. is being taught
3. My computer ____________ by him when I went to get it back. A. was using B. was being used C. was used D. had used 4. Those trees ____________ at this time last year.
A. planted B. were planting C. were being planted D. had been planting 5. The classroom ____________. It’s quite clean now. A. is sweeping B. is swept C. sweeps D. has been swept
6. This story ____________ many times, but people still like to listen to it. A. has been told B. has telling C. is told D. would tell 7. When we got to the farm, the apples ____________.
A. had picked B. had been picked C. were picking D. picked up 8. Before I bought this radio, it ____________ for two years. A. was used B. had used C. had been used D. used
9. The paper ____________ away if you didn’t tell me not.
A. would throw B. will be thrown C. would been thrown D. would be thrown 10. I never knew that I ____________ around the school by the headmaster. A. was shown B. would be shown C. was show D. would show
11. Young trees ____________ good care of, or they will die early. A. must take B. must taken C. must have taken D. must be taken 12. Bikes ____________ in the middle of the road.
A. can’t be put B. can’t put C. can’t be putted D. can’t be putting 13. This book is no use. I mean it ____________ away.
A. can throw B. can be thrown C. can’t thrown D. mustn’t be thrown 14. This kind of bike ____________ in that shop, but I’m not sure.
A. must be bought B. can’t bought C. can be buying D. may be bought
15. This kind of thing ____________ already ____________ somewhere in the world.
A. has been, happened B. has, happened C. will, happen D. are, happening 16. The moon ____________ once a year, is that right?
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A. is visiting B. has visited C. is visited D. visits
17. The old bridge ____________ hundreds of years ago. A. is building B. was built C. built D. was building
18. Spaceships without people ____________ some other parts of the universe years ago.
A. have reached B. were reached C. reached D. had been reached 19. --- How clean and tidy your classroom is! --- Yes. It ____________ every day.
A. is cleaned B. was cleaned C. was cleaning D. is cleaning 20. That building ____________ in our home town now. A. is building B. Building C. is being built D. was built
21. Can you play games with us when your homework ____________? A. is finished B. will finish C. finish D. will be finished
22. I believe that those mountains ____________ by the trees in a few years. A. are covered B. will be covered C. are covering D. will cover 23. Older people ____________.
A. should be spoken politely B. must speak to politely
C. should speak to polite D. should be spoken to politely
24. The baby ____________ by his grandparents from Monday to Friday. A. was taken care B. was taken care of C. was looked at D. was looking at 25. This painting ____________ to a museum in New York in 1997. A. sells B. sold C. was sold D. was selling
1. If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner．
A． are not kept；will have to B． are not kept；have
C． do not keep；will have to D． do not keep；have to
2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are ____and perfected now.
A. Developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed
3. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off． --- Yes，it all depends on the weather．
A． I've been told B． I've told C． I'm told D． I told
4. I need one more stamp before my collection ___.
A. has completed B. Completes C. has been completed D. is completed 5. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut
6. The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed
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C. was designed D. would be designed
7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____. A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken 8. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___. A. have been taken place;have been set up B. Have taken place;have been set up
C. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up
9. That suit __ over 60 dollars. A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost 10. --- Look! Everything here is under construction. --- What’s the pretty small house that __ for?
A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building
11.--- Do you like the material? --- Yes, it ___ very soft. A. is feeling B. Felt C. feels D. is felt 12. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese．
A． write B． to write C． to be written D． written 13. I have no more letters ____ ，thank you．
A． to type B． Typing C． to be typed D． typed
14. Take care! Don’t drop the ink on your shirt, for it __ easily. A. won’t wash out B. won’t be washed out C. isn’t washed out D. isn’t washing out
15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ___. A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out 16. The computers on the table ___ Professor Smith.
A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to 17. --- What do you think of the book?
---Oh, excellent. It’s worth ___ a second time.
A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read 18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.
A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch 19. This page needed ___ again.
A. being checked B. Checked C. to check D. to be checked
20. ___ many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do the exercises A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching
1. (2002)Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains____whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
2. (2002上海) ______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin. A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed 3．(2002春招)Prices of daily goods______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying
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4. (2002上海春招)When_____, the museum will he open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 5. (2003上海)The discovery of new evidence led to______.
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
6. (2003上海春招)Friendship is like money: easier made than ____.
A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. being kept
7. (2003上海春招)Unless______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited
8. (04辽宁) I don't know whether you happen ________ , but I'm going to study in the U.S.A. this September.
A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard
9. (04上海)The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused
10. （05湖北卷）______from other continents for millions of years ,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. A．Being separated B．Having separated C．Having been separated D．To be separated 二.将下列句子变成被动语态
1. Mother gave me a new desk as a present.
2. I made my little brother a model ship last week.
3. Ann told me a funny story on our way to school.
4. He often passes me my pen.
5. Did he buy you the book you wanted?
6. Li made his brother clean the room.
7. I saw him go into the classroom.
8. We often hear her sing beautiful songs in the next room.
9. Did he often help the old granny do the housework?
10. Who often watch them play football?
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1－5 CDBCD 6－10 ABCDB 11－15 DABDB 16－20 CBAAC 21－25 ABDBC key 1--5 ACADC 6--10 BCBDA 11--15 CBCAD 16--20 DCCDB key 1--5 CCDAB ABAAB
二. 1. A new desk was given to me as a present by mother. 或I was given a new desk as a present by mother.
2. My little brother was made a model ship by me last week. 或A model ship was made for my little brother by me last week. 3. A funny story was told to me by Ann on our way to school. 或I was told a funny story by Ann on our way to school.
4. I am often passed my pen by him. My pen is often passed to me by him. 5. Was the book you wanted bought for you? 或Were you bought the book you wanted?
6. His brother was made to clean the room. 7. He was seen to go into the classroom.
8. She is often heard to sing beautiful songs in the next room. 9. Was the old granny often helped to do the housework? 10. Who are often watched to play football?
动词被动语态专项训练
1. (09安徽28) The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.
A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced 2 (09北京24) For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _____ on his own farm. A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow
3. (09北京27) The way the guests _____ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service A. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated 4. (09北京34) ___ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten
5. (09福建34) In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked
6. (09湖南29) Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it . A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused
7. (09江西22) _________ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.
A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given
8. (09江西34) The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced
9. (09海南35) Now that we’ve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions ? A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take
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10. (09山东22) We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday.
A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding 11. (09陕西12) I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken
12. (09上海33) With the government’s aid, those _____ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected
13. (09四川4) Ladies and gentlemen, please remain __________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat 14. (09四川10) ________ many times, he finally understood it.
A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told
15. (09天津9) _____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged
1.(08全国Ⅰ29)The wet weather will continue tomorrow， when a cold front to arrive.?A.is expected B.is expecting? C.expects D.will be expected 2.(08北京29)No decision about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.?
A.will be made B.is made? C.is being made D.has been made 3.(08安徽33)I like these English songs and they many times on the radio.? A.taught B.have taught? C.are taught D.have been taught 4.(08湖南35)—Do you have any problems if you this job?? —Well，I’m thinking about the salary...?
A.offer B.will offer? C.are offered D.will be offered 5.(08陕西11)The message is very important， so it is supposed as soon as possible. A.to be sent B.to send? C.being sent D.sending 6.(08重庆31)He as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics.?A.regarded B.was regarded? C.has regarded D.had been regarded 7.(08浙江7)—What’s that noise??—Oh， I forgot to tell you.The new machine .?
A.was tested B.will be tested? C.is being tested D.has been tested 8.(07上海30) With the help of high technology，more and more new substances in the past years.?
A.discovered B.have discovered C.had been discovered D.have been discovered 9.(07辽宁22) —Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?? —Yes，I have.I guess it now.?
A.has graded B.is graded? C.is being graded D.is grading
10.(07江苏23) At the end of the meeting，it was announced that an agreement
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.?
A.has been reached? B.had been reached? C.has reached? D.had reached
11.(06湖南35)In a room above the store，where a party ，some workers were busily setting the table.?
A.was to be held B.has been held C.will be held D.is being held
12.(06重庆21)I have to go to work by taxi because my car at the garage. A.will be repaired ? B.is repaired C.is being repaired?D.Has been repaired 13.(06山东28)Although the causes of cancer ，we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.?
A.are being uncovered?B.have been uncovering?C.are uncovering?D.have uncovered 14.(07全国Ⅰ35)The flowers were so lovely that they in no time.? A.sold B.had been sold? C.were sold D.would sell 15.(07全国Ⅱ15)—Is there anything wrong，Bob? You look sad.? —Oh，nothing much.In fact，I of my friends back home.?
A.have just thought B.was just thinking? C.would just think D.will just be thinking
1.(07北京32)I got caught in the rain and my suit .?
A.has ruined B.had ruined C.has been ruined D.had been ruined
2.(07湖南25) As the years passed，many occasions—birthdays，awards，graduations— with Dad’s flowers. A.are marked B.were marked? C.have marked D.had marked 3.(06北京30) — Your job open for your return.?— Thanks.? A.will be kept B.will keep? C.had kept D.had been kept
4.(06辽宁31) It is said that the early European playing cards for entertainment and education.?
A.were being designedB.have designed?C.have been designed D.were designed 5.(06福建31)The moment the 28th Olympic Games open，the whole world cheered.?
A.declared?B.have been declared? C.have declared? D.were declared 6.(06陕西12) The construction of the two new railway lines by now.? A.has completed B.have completed?C.have been completed D.Has been completed
7.(06江苏23)— I don’t suppose the police know who did it.? — Well，surprisingly they do.A man has been arrested and now.? A.has been questionedB.is being questioned? C.isquestioningD.has questioned 8 （09北京市东城区高三二模）I have to go to school by bus today because my bike . A．has been repaired B．is repairing C．was repaired D．is being repaired
9．（09北京市海淀区高三二模）If your order is ready, the T-shirt ______ to you as soon as possible．
A．has delivered B．is delivered C．will deliver D．will be delivered
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10．（09北京市西城区高三二模）—Have you got your result of the final?
—Not yet. I was told that the papers .
A．were still being graded B．were not grading C．have already been graded D．have not grading 11．（09北京市宣武区高三二模）At minus 130°C, a living cell can for a thousand years. A．preserve B．be preserved C．be preserving D．have been preserved
12. （09山东省临沂市高三二模） Five of the 12 bronze animal heads ____ to China, with seven other ones still issing. A. returned B. had returned 高.考.C. have been returned D. have returned 高. 13．(错误！未找到引用源。09天津市河西区第二学期高三年级总复习质量调查)—Have you found the problem with the computer ? 一Sorry．It ．
A．is checked B．is being checked C．has checked D．was being checked 14. (09江西省临川一中高三下学期期中考试)The new dictionaries are very useful. They ________ well and ________ already .
A. sell; have been sold out B. sold; had sold out C. sell; sell out D. are sold; have been sold out
15．（09福建省厦门市高三一模）By the end of last year,another new theme park completed in that area． A．was being B．would be C．has been D．had been
1. （09北京市东城区高三一模）—Jeff, you look so excited today. —Sure I am, I ______ a good job in a big company, you know.
A. offered B. will offer C. have been offered D. was offered 2．（09北京市海淀区高三4月期中练习）Ｔhe Amazon valley is very important to the natural balance of the earth．Forty percent of the world’s oxygen there．
A．produces B．has produced C．is produced D．has been produced 3．（09山东省青岛市高三教学统一质量检测）—Have you finished your essay? —Half when you come back.
A．has been done B．is done C．be done D．will have been done
4.（09江西省十所重点中学联考盟校第一次模拟考试）Hardly had all the points_____ that the teacher taught down when the bell rang．
A．to aken B．taking C．taken D．been taken 5．（09福建省泉州市高中毕业班质量检查）I really 1ike this song as it is often heard______ everywhere in China． A．singing B．sung C．having sung D．to sing 6. （09石家庄市高中毕业班第一次模拟考试） He got \and the name ______ever since.A. was used B. is used C. had been used D. has been used 7.(08北京市东城区高三教学目标检测) — the baseball match might be put off. —Yes，well，it all depends on the weather.
A.I had been told B.I’ve told C.I’m to be told D.I’ve been told 8.(08北京市西城区高三抽样测试) —Have you called Mr.Johnson?
—Yes，he back before tomorrow noon.So he can attend our meeting on time.
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A.expected B.is expected C.is expecting D.is to expect
9.（08郑州市高中毕业班第一质量预测） Some Olympic officials have come to China to see how Beijing for this year’s games.
A.prepares B.will prepare C.is being prepared D.is prepared
10.（08西安地区八校联考） It’s a custom in China to have some tea or other drinks before the meal
A.serves B.served C.is served D.to be served
11.(08重庆市高三第一次联合诊断性考试) World War Ⅱ when Anthony started school in 1942.
A.had been foughtB.was fighting C.was being fought D.was fought
12.(08济南高三质检5月) Mr.Alcott told me that four fifths of the houses . A.have been sold out B.had been sold out C.were sold out D.was sold out 13.(08海南东方模拟5月) The policeman’s attention was suddenly caught by a small black box which placed underthe minister’s car.
A.has been B.was being C.had been D.would be
14.（07黄冈中学、襄樊五中高三联考） The first edition in 1955 and a best seller ever since.
A.was published;had been B.had been published;had been C.has been published;has been D.was published;has been
15.（07山东烟台） No sound and no voice for a long while. A.have heard B.has heard C.have been heard D.has been heard
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