中国石油大学（华东）本科毕业设计（论文）
摘 要
油泥砂是油田生产中产生的一种半液态，半固态废弃物，对环境有害。循环流化床锅炉以其环保，高效，燃料适应性得到广泛应用。油泥砂经过固化处理后，可以在循环流化床锅炉内燃烧。本课题拟通过采用在燃煤流化床锅炉中掺烧油泥砂的方法，来对其进行无害化和资源化处理。但油泥砂的燃料特性与煤相比有较大的差别，因此对锅炉掺烧15%的油泥砂后，重新进行了热力计算以确定掺烧油泥砂对锅炉性能的影响。
计算结果表明，掺烧后混合燃料的热值比原燃料的热值低，从而引起燃料消耗量增加，各烟道传热量降低，烟气温度降低，传热温差减少。由于传热量的减少，蒸汽出口温度有稍微地降低。虽然各主要项参数都降低了，但不影响锅炉的正常运行。
关键词：循环流化床锅炉；油泥砂；热力计算
中国石油大学(华东)本科毕业设计（论文）
Abstract
Oil-sand is one kind of semi liquid state and solidity discarded object that
come into being in the manufacture in the oil field .It is pernicious to the environment . Circulating-fluidized-bed boiler with such environmental protection, high efficiency and fuel adaptiveness obtains the extensive use. This topic adopted the method of using the mixture of oil-sand and coal as fuel in the circulating-fluidized-bed boil burning, the purpose of which is to dispose of the rubbish harmlessly. But as the characteristic of oil-sand and coal is very different from each other, we mixed the fuel with 15% oil-sand and redid the thermodynamic calculation , to make sure its infection on the boiler performance.
The result of the calculation showed that the calorific value of fuel mixtures reduced .So the consumption of fuel increased and the temperature of fuel gas and transmitting heat quantity in each segment of the boiler reduced. The difference in temperature of heat transmitting reduced likewise .Temperature of steam vent decreased ,because transmitting heat quantity in each segment of the boiler reduced .Although various main parameters wholly cut down ,boiler is failure-free operation .
Key
words ：Circulating-fluidized-bed boiler; oil-sand; thermodynamic
calculation
中国石油大学(华东)本科毕业设计（论文）
目录
第1章 前言··········································································································1 第2章 锅炉尺寸及受热面面积计算··································································4 第3章 油泥砂与煤混合燃料的特性分析与计算············································11
3.1 收到基元素分析和干燥无灰基工业分析 ··········································11 3.2 过量空气系数及各烟道漏风系数·······················································11 3.3 空气量及烟气量计算···········································································12 3.4 流化床锅炉各项热损失的选取···························································12 3.5 各段烟道烟气特性···············································································13 3.6 空气和烟气焓温表···············································································16 第4章 循环流化床锅炉掺烧15%油泥砂后的运行特性计算··························17
4.1 锅炉热平衡及燃料消耗量计算···························································17 4.2 浓相区埋管传热计算···········································································18 4.3 稀相区传热计算···················································································19 4.4 防渣管传热计算···················································································23 4.5 高温过热器传热计算···········································································25 4.6 低温过热器热力计算···········································································29 4.7 省煤器传热计算···················································································31 4.8 空气预热器传热计算···········································································34 4.9 热平衡校核···························································································36 4.10 热力计算结果汇总 ···········································································37 4.11 掺烧油泥砂前的热力计算结果汇总·················································38 第5章 掺烧后的锅炉性能变化规律 ······························································39 5.1 循环流化床锅炉燃烧特性分析···························································39
中国石油大学(华东)本科毕业设计（论文）
5.2 循环流化床锅炉掺烧油泥砂前后的比较···········································39 第6章 结论与建议····························································································42
6.1 结论·······································································································42 6.2 建议·······································································································42 致谢······················································································································43 参考文献··············································································································44
前 言
第1章 前言
我国能源消耗以煤炭为主，并且我国的煤炭大部分都是劣质的，对环
境污染严重。循环流化床技术是一种介于层然和煤粉气力输送间的燃烧方式。它利用颗粒固体在一定条件下被气力托起，整体显出流体性质[1]。我国从八十年代开始研制循环流化锅炉，为了解决燃用地方廉价劣质煤炭和污染超标问题，为了满足集中供热的需求，国内已经建成和将要建设一大批50MW以下的循环流化床锅炉热电厂。循环流化床燃烧技术是近二十五年发展起来的一种新型的清洁燃烧技术。循环流化床锅炉具有燃料适应性广，可以燃用一般动力煤，也可以燃用煤洗选下来的煤矸石、洗中煤和煤泥等，也可以燃用石油焦和造气炉渣等劣质燃料。循环流化床锅炉具有环保性能好、燃烧效率高、NOx排放低，还可以实现炉内高效脱硫、锅炉负荷调节范围大，灰渣易于综合利用等优点。在未来的很长一段时间内，循环流化床燃烧技术在我国燃煤技术领域内将是最适用和最现实的高效低污染燃烧技术, 因此循环流化床燃烧技术能很好的解决我国能消耗中存在的问题。
油泥沙是油田在生产过程中产生的半液态、半固态的废弃物，对土壤、
水源以及大气环境等具有较大的危害，需要进行无害化处理。它既是废物又是宝贵的二次资源。目前国内外的多个油田和一些科研单位都对油泥砂的治理做了大量研究工作，取得了一定进展，提出了许多油泥砂无害化处理和资源化处理的方法，如：焚烧法、分离法、生物降解法，但由于许多方法不具备简单易行、经济实用和普遍适用性，难于广泛推广应用[2]。从充分利用能源和环境保护的要求出发，适用于直接在锅炉中掺烧。由于油泥砂是粘稠状半液体物质，不能自主燃烧，直接用作燃煤锅炉燃烧是绝不可行。但如果能对其作改性处理，使其转化为固体物质，且能自主燃烧就可以用作燃煤锅炉的燃料。在我国已经有人做过这样的试验，采用专用设备用固化剂对油泥砂固化，固化后为棕黑色粉末和细小颗粒的混合物，与锅炉燃煤混合后，可正
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