探析燃气空调的应用与发展
摘要：西气东输工程的东段管道已经开始试运行，天然气在中国能源结构中的比例将越来越大。燃气空调是一种合理利用天然气的方法，还可以降低用电用气的季节不平衡。本文介绍了燃气空调的不同产品形式，并陈述了燃气空调的发展优势。
Abstract: east west to east gas pipeline project pipeline has started trial operation, the gas in the proportion of China's energy structure will be bigger and bigger. Gas air conditioning is a method of rational utilization of natural gas, electricity gas can be reduced by seasonal imbalance. Different product form of gas-fired air conditioning were introduced in this paper, and stated the development of gas air-conditioning. 关键词：燃气空调 能源结构 天然气
Key words: gas natural gas air conditioning energy structure 1.前言 1. Introduction
随着我国经济的发展和人们生活水平不断提高，我国空调器的使用量不断增大。我国的空调器主要是电空调器，随着空调使用量的增大，空调的耗电量也越来越大，因而造成电力紧张，用电的季节峰谷差加大。另一方面，2003年10月1日，西部大开发的标志性工程―西气东
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输工程东段管道靖边――上海段开始投产试运行，源源不断的天然气开始进入上海和华东地区，2004年元月1日，上海将开始商业供气，天然气在我国能源结构中的比例将越来越大。
With China's economic development and people living standard unceasing enhancement, our country in the use of air conditioner. Air conditioner is mainly electric air-conditioner in our country, with the increase of air conditioning usage, air conditioning power consumption is becoming more and more big, thus causing electricity tension, season of electricity peak valley has widened. On October 1, 2003, on the other hand, the development of the western region of the landmark project, west-east gas project eastern pipeline jingbian-yanshuiguang pipeline - Shanghai began production trial run, a steady stream of gas begin to enter Shanghai and eastern China, after January 1, 2004, Shanghai will start commercial gas, gas ratio of energy structure in our country will become more and more big.
发展燃气空调，既可以缓解由于大量使用电空调器引起的高温季节的电力紧张，又增加了夏季的用气量，可以调节用电用气的季节不平衡。此外，在我国大力发展燃气空调，可以比较合理的消费天然气，适应我国“西气东输”工程的要求，受到国家能源政策的支持，而且燃气空调还具有很好的环保性能。
Development of gas air-conditioning, can alleviate because of a
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large number of high temperature season power tension caused by the use of electric air conditioner, and increase the summer gas, can adjust electricity gas seasonal imbalance. Developing gas air conditioner, in addition, in our country can be a reasonable consumption of natural gas, adapt to the requirements for \east gas pipeline project\energy policy, and gas air conditioning also has the very good environmental protection performance. 2.燃气空调主要产品种类
2. Gas air conditioning main product categories
燃气空调的种类较多，可以根据不同的使用场合、不同的使用要求来加以选用。根据制冷制热原理和使用目的的不同，燃气空调大致有以下几种产品种类。
Gas air conditioning sort is more, can be used according to different occasions, different use requirement to choose. According to the refrigeration and heating principle and purpose is different, gas air conditioning to roughly the following several kinds of products. 2.1 燃气发动机驱动空调
2.1 gas engine driven air conditioning
由燃气发动机驱动的压缩式空调具有较高的性能系数，因而在燃气空调中以燃气为能源的压缩式冷水机组及热泵机组发展较快。由燃气发
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动机驱动的压缩式冷水机组及热泵机组与电动压缩机组比较，可无需考虑电力系统的发电效率及输配电效率，因而具有较高的性能系数，是一种既可以燃气为能源又具有较高性能系数的制冷机组。燃气发动机驱动空调通过燃气发动机驱动制冷压缩机，同时回收发动机水夹套中的尾气的废热用于吸收式制冷机或产生热水、蒸气等[1]。燃气发动机驱动空调与电动蒸气压缩式空调相比还具有以下特点: 1)可回收发动机的排热使热泵的输出量增加，还可将回收的排热驱动吸收式制冷机制取冷水; 2)发动机驱动极易进行转速控制，实现能量调节，可保持部分负荷时的高效率; 3)以大气为热源的场合，因发动机的排热基本不受大气影响，即使在严冬，输出热量也变化不大; 4)除霜过程可用发动机的排热加热，对输出热水温度影响较小。
Driven by gas engine compression type air conditioner has high coefficient of performance, and therefore in gas air conditioners with gas as the energy by the rapid development of compression type water chiller and heat pump units. Driven by gas engine compression type water chiller and heat pump units and the electric compressor, can need not consider power system of power generation efficiency and efficiency of power transmission and distribution, thus has a higher coefficient of performance, is a kind of both can gas for energy and has a high performance coefficient of the refrigeration unit. Gas engine driven by gas engine driven air conditioning refrigeration compressor, and recycling of the engine
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water jacket tail gas waste heat used for absorption chillers or to produce hot water, steam, etc. [1]. Gas engine driven air conditioning and electric steam compression type air conditioner compared also has the following characteristics: 1) the recycled engine exhaust heat increase heat pump's output, but also the recovery of exhaust heat driven absorption refrigerating machine for making cold water; 2) driving to engine speed control, to achieve power adjustment, can keep the partial load efficiency; Occasions, 3) in the atmosphere as heat source of engine exhaust heat basic is not affected by the atmosphere, even in winter, heat output also changed little; 4) the defrosting process engine exhaust heat heating are available, and the output temperature of hot water. 2.2 直燃型吸收式空调机组
2.2 direct absorption type air conditioning unit
直燃吸收式空调机组以天然气、液化石油气、燃油为能源，在高压发生器内燃烧，释放热量，以高温烟气作为加热源，利用吸收式制冷循环的基本原理，制取冷热水，供夏季制冷、冬季采暖用。它结合了吸收式冷水机组与锅炉的优点，具有一机多用的功能。直燃型机组有单冷机组和冷温水机组两种形式：单冷机组只具有制冷功能，在天气炎热时为空调系统提供冷冻水；冷温水机组则具有制冷和采暖的双重功能，既可以提供冷冻水，还可以提供热源以及热水。按照采暖循环的不同方式，冷温水机组又可以分为如下几种类型：1)制冷、采暖专用