探析燃气空调的应用与发展(3)

2018-11-17 20:23

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the following two forms: 1)除湿蒸发冷却系统

1) the desiccant evaporation cooling system

该系统采用溶液作为除湿剂,在除湿器中对新风进行除湿,吸收水分成为稀溶液,必须在再生器中被再生热源加热,除去水分提高浓度才能恢复其除湿功效。以太阳能、余热或其它低温热源会有很多不方便之处,影响其推广使用,而使用天然气加热是一个比较理想的办法,可以说天然气除湿蒸发冷却系统是新型的节电、节能、经济的空调技术,其理论COP值可以达到1左右。

Solution as liquid desiccant, this system is used for air dehumidification in the dehumidifier, absorb water dilute solution, must be renewable heat source heating in the regenerator, remove moisture increase the effectiveness of concentration to restore its moisture. To solar energy, waste heat or other low-temperature heat source, there will be many not convenient place, affect their use, and use natural gas heating is an ideal way to say that gas desiccant evaporative cooling system is a new type of energy-saving air conditioning technology, energy saving, economy, its theoretical COP value can reach 1 or so. 2)燃气用于转轮再生的干燥空调方式

2) fuel gas used in the wheel regenerative dryer air conditioning mode

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在空调机组中加入转轮除湿机,室外新风先进入转轮除湿机进行除湿处理,除湿后的干空气再进入空调机进行空调处理,然后进入空调室完成制冷、采暖过程。转轮除湿机由吸湿转轮、传动机构、外壳、风机及再生用加热器等组成。用来吸收室外新风中水分的吸湿剂一般为硅胶或分子筛。当吸湿剂达到含湿量的极限时会失去吸湿能力,为重复使用需进行再生处理。再生处理是用(180~240)℃的热空气加热吸湿剂,使其所含水份蒸发。而热空气就是通过在再生加热器中利用天然气燃烧后的排热与空气进行热交换获得的。这种干燥空调方式的优点有:充分利用天然气燃烧后的排热,起到节能的作用;对空气分别进行湿度和温度的处理,能承担较大的冷负荷和湿负荷,且避免了为满足湿度要求制冷机在低蒸发温度下运转, 效率降低的弊端,有较好的经济性。

Add wheel dehumidifier in air conditioning units, fresh air into the first wheel dehumidifier dehumidification processing, after the desiccant dry air to enter air conditioning air conditioning, and then enter the air conditioning room to complete refrigeration, heating process. Wheel dehumidifier by hygroscopic wheel, transmission mechanism, shell, fan and regeneration with heater, etc. Used to absorb the moisture from the outdoor air for silica gel or molecular sieve moisture absorption agent. When hygroscopic agent when they reached the limit of the moisture content loss of moisture absorption ability, regeneration for reuse to processing.

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Regeneration treatment is used (180 ~ 240 ℃ hot air heating hygroscopic agent, so that the water evaporation. And the hot air is through the use of natural gas combustion in regenerative heater heat removal and air after heat exchange. This way of dry air has the advantages of: make full use of natural gas after combustion heat removal, have the effect of energy saving; Handling of air humidity and temperature respectively, can bear larger cooling load and moisture load, and avoid to meet the requirements of humidity machine running under low evaporation temperature, low efficiency, has better economy.

3.燃气空调的经济性和其带来的社会效益

3. The economy of gas-fired air conditioning and its social benefits 许多学者和国内的一些企业针对以天然气作为驱动能源的空调器的经济性作了相关研究,一致认为燃气空调器比电空调器更具竞争力。文献[3] 的研究表明,目前国内天然气价格与等热值的电力价格之比为约为3.8∶1,吸收式燃气空调器供热费用低于电空调,以天然气为燃料的吸收式燃气空调器的制冷循环与电空调器相比很有竞争力。文献[4]表明吸收式燃气空调不仅具有用电少、环境污染轻等优点,而且其建设投资和运行费用(未包括折旧费和人工费等)均低于常规集中空调。文献[5]的研究显示,从一次能源的角度看,燃气空调的一次能耗不低于电力空调方案,且节能性较好。文献[6]认为在目前的能源价格等条件下,天然气热泵的年单位面积总成本低于电动冷热水机组、

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燃气锅炉和冷水机组。文献[7]的研究表明,如果燃气空调采用楼宇冷热电联产技术,可大幅度提高能源利用率,其能源综合利用率可达到80%~90%,与大型热电联产比较,楼宇冷热电联产可以减少输配电系统和供热管网的投资,无论从减少投资成本和减轻污染来讲都是十分有利的。

Many scholars and some domestic companies for as driver energy efficiency of air conditioner using natural gas as the related research, agreed that the gas air conditioner air conditioner more competitive than electricity. Literature [3] the study showed that the current domestic natural gas prices and calorific value of the ratio of the price of electricity, such as to about 3.8:1, absorption gas air conditioner heating costs less than electricity air conditioning, gas air conditioner using natural gas as fuel of absorption refrigeration cycle compared with the electric air conditioner is very competitive. Literature [4] indicate that absorption of gas air-conditioning not only has the advantages of less electricity and light pollution of the environment, and its construction investment and operation cost (not including depreciation cost and artificial cost, etc.) are lower than conventional central air conditioning. [5], according to research from an energy perspective, gas air conditioning energy consumption of a not under power air conditioning scheme, and good energy-saving sex. Literature [6] think under the condition of

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the current energy price, annual total cost per unit area is lower than the electric gas heat pump hot and cold water unit and gas boiler and chiller. Literature [7] research shows that if gas air conditioning USES the building cold hot electricity co-generation technology, can greatly improve energy efficiency, its energy integrated utilization rate can reach 80% ~ 90%, compared with large cogeneration, building heating and electricity co-generation power transmission and distribution system and the heating pipe network investment can be reduced, no matter from reduce investment costs and reduce pollution is very favorable.

此外,目前我国各种能源的价格并不十分合理,尤其是天然气的价格,与国际惯例并不一致。在北京,1m3天然气1.6元多,相当于4kWh电的费用,在国外1m3气大约相当于2kWh多电的费用,因为1m3天然气可以发3kWh电[8]。随着我国能源结构的调整及经济的发展,我国各种能源的价格将趋于合理化,城市天然气的价格相对于电价将会有所降低,这将使得燃气空调的运行费用将会进一步下降。还有一点就是针对我国夏季是用电高峰、用气低谷,冬季为用电低谷、用气高峰的能源消费现状,已有部分地区实行了峰谷电价,可以预见今后在全国主要城市必然要推行峰谷电价,而随着天然气的广泛使用,也必将会实行峰谷气价,而燃气空调的使用时间正赶上峰值电价和谷值气价,必将大大节省运行费用。以目前日本燃气空调用户来说,由于国家实行了峰值电价和谷值气价,鼓励夏季更多地使用天然气,


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