专题十 名词性从句
一、概念
定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。
名词性从句在复合句中能担任：主语、宾语(介词宾语)、表语、同位语，因此，根据它在句中不同的语法功能，可分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
1．连接连词：that, whether, if, as if和because。 that引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不可以充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义。 The fact is that we have lost the game.
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train this morning. He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. It looks as if it is going to rain. It happened that I went out last night. It is known to us how he became a writer.
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
2．连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose和which。
注意：what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词＋关系代词即常说的先行词＋ that。 I want to know what he has told you. What he wants to tell us is not clear. 3．连接副词：when, where, how和why。 That is why he didn't come to the meeting. She always thinks of how she can work well.
Where the party will be held has not yet been announced.
在历年的高考中几乎都涉及名词性从句，并且每年的命题各有变化，但仔细分析高考试题不难看出，这一部分内容主要从以下几个方面进行考查：
1．语序问题。在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句之首外，其他部分应用陈述句的语序。 She will give whoever needs help a warm support.
Why he did that was not clear.
2．用it代替主语从句或宾语从句。为了使句子保持平衡，常用先行词it来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中，但what，whatever，whoever，whichever引导的主语从句一般不后置。
3．名词性从句中关联词的选择是非常重要的，所以在高考中更多的是考查关联词的选择，尤其是what用法要多多体会。
高考真题探究（2006—2011年）
【2011北京卷 22】__________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. Which 【答案】B
【考点】考察名词性从句中的主语从句。
【解析】句意：这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。结合句意可知答案为A，此处what引导的宾语从句是一个感叹句。
【2011北京卷 31】The shocking news mad me realize ________ terrible problems we would face. A. what 【答案】A
【考点】考查名词性从句中的宾语从句。
【解析】由句中的IS可知其前面是由what引导的主语从句，且what在从句中作offer的宾语，故答案为A项。
【2011上海卷 35】There is clear evidence _____ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.
A. what
B. if
C. how
D. that
B. how
C. that
D. why
B. What
C. That
D. Whom
【答案】D
【考点】考查名词性从句中的同位语从句。
【解析】句意为：证据表明，所有能够说明的感觉中最困难的是身体的疼痛。分析句子结构，从句中不错成分，故用关联词that。
【2011上海卷 38】The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _____ others actually understand.
A. why B. that C. which D. what
【答案】D
【考点】考查名词性从句中的宾语从句。
【解析】句意为：你试图通过言语表达的意思或许恰恰跟别人理解的相反。
【2011山东卷 26】I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything.
A. that B. when C. where D. why 【答案】D
【考点】考查表语从句。
【解析】句义：我恐怕他比起来一个实践家更是一个空谈家，那就是他一事无成的原因。本文“which is..‖引导的一个非限定性定语从句中有一个表语从句根据句意用―why‖引导。 【2011山东卷 33】We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know______ she’ll accept it.
A. where
B. what
. whether
D. which
【答案】C
【考点】此题考查宾语从句的引导词。
【解析】根据句意“我们提供给她了这份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受”。whether ―是否―， where ―哪里―what ―什么‖，which ―哪个―。
【2011江西卷 26.】The villagers have already known ______ we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge. A. this 【答案】C
【考点】考察宾语从句和主语从句。
【解析】村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥，后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物，所以选择what。
【2011江苏卷 26】It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.
A. that B. how C. when D. why
B. that
C. what
D. which
【答案】A
【考点】考查主语从句。
【解析】句意：这名男子没有早点报告这次事故的原因根本没有搞清楚。It在句中是形式主语，真正的主语是why引导的主语从句。
【2011安徽卷 33】His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _____it is he is
trying to express.
A. that B. how C. who 【答案】D
【考点】考查名词性从句。
【解析】句意为：他的笔迹非常混乱，很难弄清他想表达什么意思。本题考查动词短语make out引起的的宾语从句，该空在宾语从句中作express的宾语，表示事物，故选择D项。That在宾语从句中不作句子成分；how作方式状语；who作主语，指人。只有what可用作宾语并且指事物。
【2011四川卷 10】Our teachers always tell us to believe in ________ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
A. why B. how C. what D. which 【答案】C
【考点】考查名词性从句。
【解析】in介词之后所接的宾语从句中缺少及物动词do的宾语，指事物，故填what。why―为什么‖；how―怎么样‖；which―哪一个‖。
【2011辽宁卷 23】Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach ______ to read first.
A. what B. who . how D. why 【答案】C
【考点】考查名词性从句。
【解析】句子意思：20个学生想要去听旨在教授如何快速阅读的课程。根据句子结构可知，that aims to teach ______ to read first.是定语从句，修饰先行词class，在此定语从句中，teach后接的宾语从句中缺少表示方式的连接词，故how正确。此处为―连接词+to do‖结构。 【2011辽宁卷 32】When the news came _____ the war broke out, he decided, to serve in the army.
A. since B. which C. that D. because 【答案】C
【考点】考查同位语从句。
【解析】句意：当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定去部队服役。此处的“ the war broke out‖解释说明the news的具体内容，且从句中不缺少成分，故为同位语从句，用that连接。
D. what
【2011天津卷 13】Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.
A. what B. which C. that D. where 【答案】C
【考点】考查名词性从句中的同位语从句。
【解析】句意为：现代科技已经给出了充分的证据，表明吸烟可能引起许多疾病。
【2011陕西卷 15】I’d like to start my own business–that’s ____ I’d do if I had the money. A. why B. when C. which D. what 【答案】D
【考点】考查名词性从句中的表语从句。
【解析】后面从句不完整，do后面缺少宾语，所以要填连接代词what，答案D。
【2011重庆卷 22】It is still under discussion __________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
A. whether B. when C. which D. where 【答案】A
【考点】考查名词性从句。
【解析】still under discussion―还在讨论中‖说明―旧中巴车站是否应该被一个宾馆替代‖还没决定。且根据后面的whether…or not也可以做出正确选择。
【2011重庆卷 34】It is not always easy for the public to see _______ use a new invention can be of to human life.
A. whose B. what C. which D. that 【答案】B
【考点】考查宾语从句。
【解析】What引导宾语从句，同时在从句中作use的定语。还原句子为―a new invention can be of what use‖。
【2011湖南卷)31】Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ______the problem itself is.
A. what B. that C. which D. why 【答案】A
【考点】本题考察的是名词性从句中主语从句。