动词的时态
一、时态的分类及谓语动词形式：
时间 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 状态
一般 be/do/does was/were/did will do would do 进行 be doing was/were doing 完成 have/has done had done 完成进行 have/has been doing 二、各种时态的具体用法： 1、一般现在时：
1）、表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态，时间状语： every?, sometimes, at?, on Sunday。
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2）、现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。
3）、表示客观事实或真理。
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
4）、在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来，即：主将从现。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。 2. 一般过去时：
1）、在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？
2）、表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。 3）、固定句型：
①、It is time that sb. did sth. \时间已迟了\ \早该??了\。
It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
②、would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。 I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4）、wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。 I thought you might have some. 3、一般将来时：
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1）、shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？ 2）、be going to +不定式，表示将来。
①.主语的意图，即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？
②.计划，安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
③.有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3）、be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。 4）、be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如： He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
5）、用一般现在时表示将来：
①、下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时
可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如： The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。
②、以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。 ③、在时间或条件句中。例如：
When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
④、在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如： I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。 6）、用现在进行时表示将来：下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如： I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？ 7）、固定句型：祈使句+and/or+句子（用一般将来时） Work hard and you will succeed in this exam. Hurry up or you will be late for the meeting. 4、现在进行时：
1）、表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如：
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We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
2）、习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）
3）、表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：
The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
4）、与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。 5、过去进行时：
1）、概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2）、过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。
3）、常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。 6、现在完成时：
1）、表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，通常与段时间连用，常用的时间状语有：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等。
He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续） He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续） 2）、表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或者产生某种结果。
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了） Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争） 3）、固定句型：
①、It is the first / second time.... that?结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
例如：It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time （that） I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
②、This is +形容词最高级+that?结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。
例如：This is the best film that I've （ever） seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
7、过去完成时：
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。
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那时以前 那时 现在 2） 用法：
①、在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如： She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。 ②、状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。
③、表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示\原本?，未能?\。
例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。
3）、过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
例如：He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。 4）、固定句型：
①、It was the first/second?time that+从句（过去完成时） It was the third time that the boy had been late.
②、hardly/barely/scarcely?when?；no sooner?than?表示“一??就??”，hardly以及no sooner后的句子用过去完成时。 Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
2009年各区模拟题汇总：
1、I thought I my cell phone somewhere. But it is on the back seat of my car.
A．had lost B．would lose C．have lost D．lose 2、--- Have you got your result of the final?
--- Not yet. I was told that the papers . A．were still being graded B．were not grading C．have already been graded D．have not grading 3、I my hands so that I can help you with the cooking. A．wash B．washed C．have washed D．was washing 4、—Don’t go there alone in such late hours. —Don’t worry. I . A．don’t B．won’t C．haven’t D．didn’t
5、—I heard you were going to New Zealand around Christmas. Have you booked the
flight?
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—Not yet. I to book my flight in two weeks’ time. A．am planning B．planned C．have planned D．will plan 6、—I saw Dave in the library this morning.
—Really? He ______ around school for a long time. A．won’t be seen B． wasn't seen
C．hasn’t been seen D． hadn' t been seen 7、I have to go to school by bus today because my bike . A．has been repaired B．is repairing C．was repaired
D．is being repaired
8、I the saxophone at regular intervals for many years when I was a child. A．played B．was playing C．has played D．has been playing 10、—Do you really believe him? He is always changing his mind. —But this time, it seems that he to go. A．will decide B．decides C．decided D．has decided 11、Once employed ,Simon to Africa to do market research
A will be sent B is sent C has been sent D was sent
12、Several of today’s football games because of heavy snow A postponed B are postponed C have been postponed D have postponed 13、—Tom, can you answer my question?
—Er, I’m very sorry, Miss Evens, I about something else. A．had thought B．was thinking C．will think D．have thought 14、—Jeff, you look so excited today.
—Sure I am. I a good job in a big company, you know. A．offered B．will offer C．have been offered D．was
offered
15、My daughter in a restaurant for the summer, but she doesn’t like it very much. A．worked B．is worked C．was working D．works 16、—How can I prepare for class，Mr．Johnson?
—_________you________my web page？You can download the notes and read them ahead of time． A．Have?checked out B．Did?check out
C．Are? checking out D．Will? check out
17、Linda’s German is really good．I _______by the way she talked to those people we met on holiday last year．
A．will be impressed B．was impressed
C．was impressing D．have impressed
18、—Hello，Ben．I’m just checking if you can pick up Mary at the airport this evening.
—Oh，yes，I__________you about that．But I have to go to my daughter’s school play． A．will phone B．have phoned
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