全真优教·中考英语
四、阅读理解 20．（8分）（2015?杭州）The following is a QUIZ（自测） from a magazine． Questions 1Point 2Points in a village in a town Where do you live？ by by How do you go to work/school？ walking/bicycle train/bus/subway 1 2 How many times a year do you fly on airplanes？ How many hours of electricity do you use each day0﹣6hours 6﹣12hours （e．g．watching TV，keeping lights on）？ almost always often How often do you recycle？ Total Points Result 7 Less pollution than the average（平均） person As much pollution as the average person 8﹣10 A little more pollution than the average person 11﹣13 A lot more pollution than the average person 14﹣14 41．Which of the following makes the least pollution？ C A．Living pretty well in a big city．B．Flying on planes only twice a year．
C．Almost always recycling used things．D．Using 15hours of electricity each day． 42．How many points does the average person get？ B A.7points． B.8﹣10points． C.11﹣13points． D.14﹣15points．
43．Tom lives in a city，goes to work by subway，flies on airplanes once a year，uses 15hours of electricity a day，an sometimes recycles used things．How many points does he get？ B A.11points． B.12points． C.13points． D.14points． 44．Which of following would be the best title for the quiz？ D A．Where Do You Live？B．What Do You Recycle？ C．Why Do We Travel？D．How Green Are You？ 【考点】新闻报道类阅读．
【分析】来自一个杂志的自测题． 问题 1分 2分 你住在哪里？ 农村 城镇 你怎样上班/上学？ 走路/骑自行车 坐火车/公车/地铁 1 2 一年你坐飞机的次数？ 你每天用多少小时的电（比如看电视、开灯）？ 0﹣6小时 6﹣12小时 你循环利用吗？ 几乎一直 经常 总分 结果 7 比平均值少污染 8﹣10 和平均值一样 11﹣13 比平均值污染多点 14﹣14 比平均值污染多很多 【解答】41．C 根据Almost always recycling used things．及自测此项的分数可知，循环利用产生最少的污染，故选C．
3Points in a city by driving a smacar 3 12﹣18hours sometimes 3分 城市 开小汽车 3 12﹣18小时 有时 第16页（共26页）
全真优教·中考英语
42．B 根据As much pollution as the average person可知，平均值污染的人可得8﹣10分，故选B． 43．B 根据图表中goes to work by subway加2分，flies on airplanes once a year加1分，uses 15hours of electricity a day加3分，an sometimes recycles used things．加3分，总分为12分，故选B．
44．D 根据自测得出的结论，可知与环境污染有关，故选择的标题为D项． 【点评】图表类的阅读理解中凡针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证． 21．（10分）（2015?杭州）Teenager Jake Deham was skiing（滑雪） with his family in the USA when he fell over and lost one of his skis．His family didn’t know that he had a problem．They kept on skiing．When they got to the foot of the mountain，there was no sign of Jake． Jake couldn’t find his ski anywhere．In the end，he decided to take off his other ski and walk down the mountain．But he couldn’t work out the right way to go．
It was now getting dark and he was a long way from any place of safety．He knew that he might die that night in the cold temperatures．But Jake kept calm（镇定）．At home，Jake watched a lot of programmes about living in difficult situations．He remembered the advice from these
programmes and knew that he should build a hole in the snow．He made a hole and pointed it up the hill so the wind couldn’t blow into it．Outside his hole，the temperature fell to a dangerous﹣15℃that night，but inside it Jake was safe from the cold．
But he had to get down the mountain．The TV programmes always said，“If you are lost，you should find someone else’s tracks（足迹） through the snow and follow them．”“I wanted to live my life．”remembers Jake．“So I got up and I found some ski tracks and I followed those．”He walked and walked and finally he saw lights．Nine hours after he lost his ski，he found a team of worker who came to save him．He was safe! His mum was very happy when she heard the news．Amazingly，Jake didn’t even have to go to hospital．He got through the terrible experience without any injuries． So，the next time someone says that watching TV is a waste of time，think of Jake．Sometimes TV can save your life!
45．Jake’s parents didn’t know that he was missing until A A．they reached the foot of the mountainB．they began to ski down the mountain C．a team of workers found JakeD．Jake lost on of his skis
46．What was the most important decision Jake made for his safety？ D A．To go skiing with his family in the USA．
B．To search for the ski that he had lost in the snow．
C．To take off his other ski and walk down the mountain． D．To build a hole in the snow to keep himself warm．
47．How did Jake get down the mountain the next morning？ C A．He followed his parents．B．He followed the workers． C．He followed some ski tracks．D．He followed some light．
48．What was the correct order in which these events happened？ A a．Jake made a hole in the snow．b．Jake lost one of his skis． c．Jake finally saw lights．d．He followed some lights．
A．d﹣b﹣a﹣c B．a﹣b﹣c﹣d C．b﹣a﹣d﹣c D．c﹣b﹣a﹣d
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全真优教·中考英语
49．Facing the difficulties，Jake Denham was． B
A．polite and hardworking B．calm and clever
C．outgoing and helpful D．warm and friendly． 【考点】人物故事类阅读．
【分析】翻译：杰克在和他的家人在美国滑雪时，他摔倒丢了一个滑雪板．他的家人不知道他出了问题．他们一直滑行．当他们到达山脚下时，才发现没有了杰克的踪迹． 杰克到处找不到他的滑雪．最后他决定把另一只滑雪板脱掉步行走下山．但是他找不到回去的路了．
现在天越来越黑了他到达安全的地方还很远．杰克知道自己可能会死于夜晚的低温．但是，杰克很冷静，他想到他看过的电视节目中求生的方法，他应该在雪地里挖个洞，他在山上挖了一个坚硬的洞，以便风吹不进来．那天晚上洞外的气温达到﹣15°他在洞内是安全的，也不寒冷．
但他不得不下山．电视节目上总是说，“如果你迷路了，你应该找到滑雪的轨道，并跟随他们．”“我想活下去，所以我起来去找一些滑雪轨迹，我沿着这些轨迹走啊，走啊．他终于看到了灯光．他迷失了九小时后，他找到了救援队伍．他安全了． 他的妈妈听到了这个消息很高兴．令人惊讶的是杰克甚至不用去医院．他经历了可怕的历程而一点也没受到伤害．
所以，在下一次有人说，看电视是浪费时间，想一下杰克．看电视也能拯救你的生命！ 【解答】45．A．由第一段的最后一句When they got to the foot of the mountain，there was no sign of Jake当他们到达山脚下时，才发现没有了杰克的踪迹，故选：A．
46．D．由第三段天黑下来，杰克知道自己可能会死于夜晚的低温，他想到他看过的电视节目中求生的方法，于是他在雪地里挖了个洞躲过了外面晚上的低温，顺利度过一夜，所以这对他的求生是至关重要的，故选；D． 47．C．根据So I got up and I found some ski tracks and I followed those可知他找到一些滑行的轨道，然后沿着这些记号下山的，故选；C． 48．A．根据短文可知杰克先丢了他的滑雪板，再找滑雪板的时候迷路了，之后天黑了下来，杰克挖了一个洞度过了寒冷的夜晚，第二天沿着滑雪的轨道下了山，看到了灯光，跟着灯光找到了救援的队伍，故选；A．
49．B．根据短文可知杰克面临困境时，没有害怕紧张，而是非常的镇静，用自己知道的知识，成功脱险，故选；B． 【点评】首先理解问题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的句子，并理解大意，最后仔细斟酌，找出答案．并核对． 22．（12分）（2015?杭州）Are you shy？If you are，you are not alone．In fact，close to 50percent of people are shy．Almost 80percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives．These days，shyness is becoming more and more common．Now，scientists are trying to understand shyness．They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy．
Is it possible to be born shy？Many scientists say yes．They say 15to 20percent of babies behave shyly．These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies．Interestingly，these shy babies usually have shy parents．As a result，scientists think that some shyness is genetic． Family size might cause people to be shy as well．Scientists at Harvard University studied shy children．They found that 66percent of them had older brothers and sisters．As a result，they became shy．At the same time，children with no brothers and sisters may be shy as well．Growing
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全真优教·中考英语
up alone，they often play by themselves．They are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families．
You may also be shy because of where you were born．When scientists studied shyness in different countries．They found surprising differences．In Japan，most people said they were shy．But in Israel，only one of three people said so．What explains the difference？One scientist says the Japanese and Israelis have different opinions of failure．In Japan，when people do not succeed，they feel bad about themselves．They blame（责备）themselves for their failure．In Israel，the opposite is true．Israelis often blame failure on outside reasons，such as family，teachers，friends，or bad luck．In Israel，freedom of opinion and risk taking are strongly supported．This may be why Israelis worry less about failure and are less shy．
For shy people，it can be difficult to make friends，speak in class，and even get a good job．But scientists say you can get over your shyness．They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation．And don’t forget﹣﹣﹣if you are shy，you are not the only one． 50．What is the passage mainly about？ B A．Happiness． B．Shyness． C．Kindness． D．loneliness．
51．What does the underlined word“genetic”in paragraph 2probably mean？ A A．Passed down from parents． B．Learned from friends． C．Taught by teachers． D．Made up by brothers． 52．What can be learned from the passage？ C A．Most little babies are born shy and quiet． B．If you are shy now，you will be shy forever．
C．Many shy children have older brothers and sisters． D．Most Israeli people are shy of expressing opinions．
53．We can learn from the passage that B may cause shyness． A．genetics，grown﹣﹣ups and birthplace B．genetics，family size and birthplace C．family size，grown﹣﹣ups and failure D．genetics，family size and freedom 54．Scientists suggest that shy people can get over their shyness by B ． A．blaming their failure on outside reasons
B．trying new things and practicing conversation C．getting themselves away from their shy parents D．trying to understand reasons for their shyness
55．Which of the following shows the structure（结构）of the passage？（P=Paragraph） A
【考点】科普知识类阅读．
【分析】翻译：你害羞吗？如果是，不止你一个．事实上，接近50%人害羞．几乎80%的人在他们的生活中感到害羞，现在，害羞越来越普遍．科学家们正在试图理解害羞．他们有一些有趣的想法为什么人很害羞．
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全真优教·中考英语
它可能是出生就害羞？许多科学家说，他们说是的，百分之十五到百分之二十的婴儿表现出害羞．这些婴儿比其他婴儿安静一点、更警惕．有趣的是，这些害羞的孩子通常有害羞的父母．因此，科学家们认为有些害羞是遗传．
家庭成员的数量可能使人害羞．科学家在哈佛大学研究害羞的孩子．他们发现百分之六十六的有兄弟姐妹的孩子．他们变得害羞．同时，没有兄弟姐妹的孩子，也害羞．他们独自成长，他们经常自己玩．来自大家庭的孩子他们不能够学到同样的社会技能． 你可能也会因为你的出生地而害羞，科学家们研究在不同的国家害羞．他们发现了惊人的差异．在日本，大多数人说他们很害羞．但在以色列，只有三分之一的人这么说．为什么会有这样的区别？一位科学家说，日本和以色列对失败有不同意见．在日本，当人们不成功，他们自我感觉不好．他们责备他们自己的失败．在以色列，恰恰相反．以色列人常常把自己的失败归咎于外部原因，如家庭，朋友，老师，或者运气不好．在以色列，自由的观点和冒险的精神强烈支持着他们．这可能是为什么以色列人并不担心失败而不害羞．
对于害羞的人来说，交朋友，在课堂上演讲，甚至得到一份好工作，都是很难的，但科学家说你可以克服你的羞怯，他们建议尝试新事物，练习对话，不要忘记﹣﹣﹣如果你是害羞的，你不是唯一的一个．
【解答】50．B．文章第一句话就问道“你害羞吗？如果是，那么你不是一个人”接着文章介绍了可能导致害羞的三个原因，最后说害羞虽然有很多害处，但是可以改变的．所以本文讲的主要是害羞．故选B．
51．A．前文说到Interestingly，these shy babies usually have shy parents．As a result 有趣的是，这些害羞的婴儿通常有害羞的父母，由此判断“genetic”意为从父母传下来的基因．故选A． 52．C．文章第三段中提到They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters．害羞的孩子中百分之六十六有哥哥或者姐姐．文章中说有些孩子生下来会害羞和安静，但不是大部分，排除A；害羞是可以改变的，排除B；以色列人表达观点更自由更大胆，而不是更害羞，排除D；故选C． 53．B．文章的二三四段，分别介绍了可能导致害羞的三个原因．分别是：基因、家庭人数和出生地，故选B．
54．B．文章最后一段说到They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation．他们建议尝试新事物，练习交谈，这样可以改变害羞的性格．故选B．
55．A．文章第一段引出本文讲述的主题：害羞，接着二三四段分别介绍了可能导致害羞的三个原因，分别是：基因、家庭人数和出生地，最后一段总结了害羞的害处和改变这种性格的办法．所以是总分总的结构．故选A． 【点评】首先理解问题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的句子，并理解大意，最后仔细斟酌，找出答案．，并核对． 23．（5分）（2015?杭州）第56﹣60是某游泳池有关安全事项的图标，阅读选项（A、B、C、D、E和F）的文字，选出符合各图标的说明，选项中有一项是多余选项．
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