全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试
卫生类 B级 模拟试题一
第1部分：词汇选项 (第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)?
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。? 1、 Laser beams can be used to bore metals and other hard materials. ?
A trim? B melt? C drill? D slice?
2、 The cost of elections in the United States is borne by both the government and the private sector. ?
A known B fought C exposed D assumed?
3、 Acknowledged as the main cause of hay fever the pollen of ragweed is very bothersome. ?
A intriguing B annoying C potent D significant? 4、 They got in quite a brawl. ?
A snit B fight C bally D littering?
5、 By providing legal representation, the American Civil Liberties Union works to defend citizens against breaches of their civil rights. ? A branches B exercises C perusals D violations?
6、 The first step in planning a marketing strategy for a new product is to analyze the breakdown of sales figures for competitive products. ? A decrease in B reordering of?C itemization of D collapse in ? 7、 The bricklayer is working on the house today. ?
A carpenter B plumber C electrician D mason? 8、 Brilliantly colored flowers attract insects. ?
A Delicately B Sensibly? C Harmoniously D Brightly ? 9、 On the brink of matrimony, he fled to a desert island. ?
A ship B proposal C edge D evasion ?
10、 Defined most broadly, folklore includes all the customs, beliefs and traditions that people have handed down
from generation to generation. ? A fancifully B liberally C quaintly D dryly ?
11、 Maria Chapman, abolitionist and close associate of William Lloyed Garrison, wrote many brochures condemning slavery. ? A slogans B short poems? C sentiments D short pamphlets ? 12、 It’s evident that her handling of them has bruised the peaches. ?
A promulgated B infatuated? C damaged D infuriated? 13、 Messalina’s name has become a byword for notorious behavior. ?
A an epithet B an abstraction?C an indication D an oration ?
14、 The caliber of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s writing was reassessed by literary critics in the 1950’s. ?
A idealism B creativity C quality D imagery ? 15、 People fishing on a lake must wait calmly so as not to scare the fish away. ?
A considerately B hungrily? C alertly D quietly
第2部分：阅读判断 (第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)?
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。?
Learning Disorder—Dyslexia?
As many as 20% of all children in the United States suffer from some form of the learning disorder called
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dyslexia.
Experts on dyslexia say that the problem is not a disease. They say that persons with dyslexia use information in a different way. One of the world?s great thinkers and scientists Albert Einstein was dyslexic. Einstein said that he never thought in words the way that most people do. He said that he thought in pictures instead. The American inventor Thomas Edison was also dyslexic. Dyslexia first was recognized in Europe and the United States more than 80 years ago. Many years passed before doctors discovered that persons with the disorder were not mentally slow or disabled. The doctors found that the brains of persons with dyslexia are different. In most people, the left side of the brain—the part that controls language—is larger than the right side. In persons with dyslexia, the right side of the brain is bigger. Doctors are not sure what causes this difference. However, research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males than in females, and it is found more often in persons who are left-handed. No one knows the cause of dyslexia, but some scientists believe that it may result from chemical changes in a baby's body long before it is born. They are trying to find ways to teach persons with dyslexia Dyslexic persons think differently and need special kinds of teaching help. After they have solved their problems with language, they often show themselves to be especially intelligent or creative. ?
16、One out of five American children suffers from dyslexia. ?
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned?
17、Many great thinkers and scientists in the world are dyslexic. ?
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned?
18、The first cases of dyslexia in Europe were discovered less than a century ago. ?
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned?
19、The left side of the brain in a dyslexic person is bigger than the right side. ?
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned?
20、Generally speaking, dyslexia is more common in left?handed males than in right?handed females. ?
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned?
21、It is believed that dyslexia is related to the bad habits of a baby?s mother. ?
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned? 22、Dyslexic people often turn out to be intelligent or creative once they have learned to handle language properly.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 (第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)?
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。?
How to Learn Language Successfully?
1 Some people seem to have a knack for learning languages. They can pick up new vocabulary, master rules or grammar, and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others. They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others, so what makes language learning so much easier for them?Perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners, we may discover a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them. ?
2 First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher;they discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guesters who look for clues and form their own conclusions. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn from mistakes. ?
3 Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language;they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things;they are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is
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difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every world. ?
4 Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it. ?
5 What kind of language learner are you?If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully. On the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you might as well try some of the techniques outlined above. ?
A Ways to Learn a Language Successfully? 23、 Paragraph 1 ?
B Learning a Language Purposefully? 24、 Paragraph 2 ?
25、 Paragraph 3 ? C Learning a Language Actively? 26、 Paragraph 4 D Learning a Language Independently? E Learning from Mistakes? F Learning to Think in the Target Language? 27、 Successful language learners derive conclusions . ? 28、 Independent language learners rely on themselves . ? 29、 Active language learners seize every opportunity . ? 30、 The author wrote this text . ? A to discover sentence patterns and grammatical rules? B to expand vocabulary? C to use the target language? D to encourage unsuccessful language learners to learn independently, actively and purposefully? E from clues? F to say strange things 第4部分：阅读理解 (第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)?
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇 Weather Map?
A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three of four maps presents a continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasts are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts; to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity. They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a synoptic picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time. ?
All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts, droughts, and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “outlook” which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels with often set the stage for the development of air masses, fronts, and storms. ?
Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. With the use of electronic instruments and earth satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations. Extensive experiments are also in progress for
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weather modification studies. But the limitations of weather modification have prevented meteorological results except in the seeding of super-cooled, upslope mountainous winds which have produced additional orographical precipitation on the windward side of mountain ranges. Nevertheless, they have provided a clearer understanding of the fundamentals of weather elements. ?
31、 One characteristic of weather maps not mentioned by the author in this passage is . ?
A) wind speed? B) thermal changes? C) fronts?
D) barometric pressure?
32、 The thirty-day forecast is determined by examining . ?
A) upper air levels? B) satellite reports? C) changing fronts? D) daily air maps?
33、 The observation of weather conditions by satellites is advantageous because it . ?
A)gives the scientist information not obtained readily otherwise? B) enables man to alter the weather? C) uses electronic instruments? D) is modern?
34、 A weather map is synoptic because it . ?
A) summarizes a great deal of information? B) can be interpreted accurately? C) appears daily?
D) shows changing fronts?
35、 At the present time, experiments are being conducted in . ?
A) 30-day “outlook”? B) controlling storms? C) satellites?
D) manipulating weather? ?
第二篇 Human Heart Can Make New Cells
Solving a longstanding mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.
The finding, published in the April issue of Science , could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack, experts say.
“We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes, are renewed,” said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. “ It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with or if they could be renewed ,” he said.
The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-old, about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75.
“If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after, for example, a heart attack,” Frisen said.
That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts.
“A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure,” noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. “Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying,” he said.
With this finding, scientists are “opening the door to potential therapies to having ourselves heal ourselves,’’
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Bhardwaj said. “Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing. “
But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts—whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.
36. The human heart stops producing cardiac cells A) when a person is born.
B) when a person becomes old. C) when a person gets sick. D) when a person dies.
37. The finding could prove to be helpful to A) the study of longstanding mysteries. B) the analysis of cardiac cells. C) the prevention of chronic diseases. D) the treatment of heart diseases.
38. In people who’ re in their mid-70s, only 0.45 percent of cardiomyocytes A) are still functional. B) are replaced each year. C) are lost each year.
D) are damaged each year.
39. Chronic heart failure is associated with A) the death of heart cells. B) the life span of a person.
C) the effects of pharmaceuticals. D) the weight of the patient.
40. It remains unknown whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts A) changes over time. B) can be monitored.
C) is the same as that in healthy hearts.
D) is high enough to replace cells faster than they’re dying off.
第三篇 After-birth Depression Blamed for Woman’s Suicide
A new mother apparently suffering from postpartum mental illness fell to her death from a narrow 12th-floor ledge of a Chicago hotel, eluding the lunging grasp of firemen called to help.
The Chicago Tribune reported Tuesday that the mother of a 3-month-old daughter, Melanie Stokes, 41, was said to be suffering from a severe form of after-birth depression called postpartum psychosis, an extremely rare biological response to rapidly changing hormonal levels that can result in hallucinations, delusions, severe insomnia and a drastic departure from reality.
“That was a monster in my daughter’s brain,” said Stokes’ mother, Carol Blocker. “The medicine took no effect at all, while her grief was so strong that nothing could make up for it. I’m just glad she didn’t take her daughter with her.”
Virtually all new mothers get postpartum blues, also called the “baby blues”, which are brief episodes of irritability, moodiness and weepiness. About 20 per cent of birthing women experience postpartum depression, which can be triggered by hormonal changes, sleeplessness and the pressures of being a new mother. It is often temporary and highly treatable.
But The Tribune said what scientists suspect Stokes was battling, postpartum psychosis, is even more extreme and is considered a psychiatric emergency. During postpartum psychosis—a very real disorder that
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