country, its ways, and its people. But this criticism is not an objective appraisal. Instead of trying to account for the conditions and the historical circumstances which have created them, you talk as if the difficulties you experience are more or less created by the people of the host country for your special discomfort. 但是这种精神状态不会持续，如果外国造访者仍然留在国外，并且开始认真地对待真实的生活状况。在那时，第二个阶段开始了，以对东道国敌对的，攻击挑衅的态度为特征。这种敌对明显源自在调整过程中遭遇的真正的困难。有房子困难，交通困难，购物困难，以及东道国人对这些困难的漠不关心的事实。他们帮忙，但是他们不能理解你对这些困难的极度担忧。因此，他们对于你和你的困难一定很冷淡，不同情。结果是，“我就是不喜欢他们。”你变得有攻击性，你和来自本国的同伴联系起来，一起评判东道国，他的方式，他的人民。但是这些批评并不是客观的评价。你没有尽力找出造成这些现象的环境因素和历史原因。却认为似乎你经历的这些困难多多少少是东道国的人民为了让你不舒服而特别设置的。
7 You take refuge in the colony of others from your country which often becomes the fountainhead of emotionally charged labels known as stereotypes, this is a peculiar kind of offensive shorthand which caricatures the host country and its people in a negative manner. The “dollar grasping American” and the “indolent Latin Americans” are samples of mild forms of stereotypes, the second stage of culture shock is in a sense a crisis in the disease. If you come out of it, you stay; if not, you leave before you reach the stage of a nervous breakdown. 你到本国的侨民聚居地寻求庇护，那里通常是那些充满情绪化色彩的绰号的源头，而这些绰号也已成为公式化的名称被人们广为熟知了。这些特殊的带有攻击性色彩的速写，非常夸张地从负面行为上描述了东道国及其人民。“贪财的美国人”，“懒散的拉美人”都是公式化名称中比较温和的例子。文化冲击的第二阶段在某种意义上是疾病的危险期。如果你能摆脱它，你就留下；如果不能，那么在你到达神经衰弱之前赶紧离开吧。
8 If visitors succeed in getting some knowledge of the language and begin to get around by themselves, they are beginning to open the way into the new cultural environment. Visitors still have difficulties but they take a “this is my problem and I have to bear it” attitude. Usually in this stage visitors take a superior attitude to people of the host country. Their sense of humor begins to exert itself. Instead of criticizing, they joke about the people and even crack jokes about their own difficulties. They are now on the way to recovery. 如果造访者能成功的获得语言方面的知识，并且能独立解决一些困难，那么他们开始打开通往新文化环境的路。造访者仍然会有困难，但是他们采取“这是我的问题，我必须接受它”的态度。通常在这个阶段造访者对东道国的人采取更加友好的态度。他们开始发挥幽默感。不是批评，而是拿周围的人甚至自己遇到的困难开玩笑。他们在恢复的路上。
9 In the fourth stage, your adjustment is about as complete as it can be. The visitor now accepts the customs of the country as just another way of living. You operate within the new surroundings without a feeling of anxiety, although there are moments of social strain. Only with a complete grasp of all the cues of social intercourse will this strain disappear. For a long time the individual will understand what the national is saying but is not always sure what the national means. With a complete adjustment you not only accept the good, drinks, habits, and customs, but actually begin to enjoy them. When you go home on leave, you may even take things back with you; and if you leave for good, you generally miss the country and the people to whom you became accustomed. 在第四阶段，适应达到完善的状态。来访者已经把这个国家的习俗当作一种生活方式接受了。在新环境下你应对自如，没有忧虑感，尽管仍然有些社会压力感。只有在你完全掌握社会交往中的所有准则，这些压力才会消失。很长一
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段时间个人可以知道当地人在说些什么，但是不确定他们具体指什么。在完全适应之后，你不仅接受了他们的食物，饮料，习俗，习惯，而且开始享受其中。当你请假回家时，你甚至会带些东西回去；如果你永远地离开时，你通常会想念这个国家和你已经熟悉的人们。
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