The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to ail individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more. The use of privacy law to crnb the tech giants in tliis instance feels slightly maladapted. Tliis practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms f)eepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed tliem using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale tliat dugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big phann has done. We aie still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long stniggle will be needed to avoid a futuie of digital feudalism. Ms Denham's report is a welcome start.
31 .Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ? [A] It caused conflicts among tech giants. [B] It failed to pay due attention to patient's rights. [C] It fell short of the latter's expectations [D] It put botli sides into a dangerous situation.
32. The NHS tmst responded to Denham's verdict with [A] empty promises. [B] tough resistance. [C] necessary adjustments. [D] sincere apologies.
33. The author argues in Paragraph 2 that [A] privacy protection must be secured at all costs. [B] leaking patients' data is worse than selling it. [C] making profits from patients' data is illegal. [D] the value of data comes from the processing of it
34.According to the last paragraph，the real worry arising from this deal is [A] the vicious rivaliy among big pharmas. [B] tlie ineffective enforcement of privacy law. [C] tlie uncontrolled use of new so^are. [D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.
35. The author's attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is
[A] ambiguous. [B] cautious. [C] appreciative. [D] contemptuous. Test4
The U.S. Postal Ser\\'ice (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally，the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product， first-class mail, and a regiilatoiy structme that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality
And interest gioups ranging from postal unions to greeting-caid makers exert self-interested pressme on the USPS's ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal SeiTice, aspects of the status quo they depend oil get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years，leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.
Now comes word that everyone involvedDemocrats，Republicans，the Postal Service，the unions and the system's heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving thiough the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, wliich could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicaie. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addiessing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.
If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get tluough the Senate - where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare，bare minimum necessaiy to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive refonn. There's no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting fiightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that tliey're getting serious about transfomiing tlie postal system for the 21 st centuiy.
36. The financial problem with tlie USPS is caused partly by [A] , its unbalanced budget.
[B] .its rigid management. [c] .the cost for technical upgrading. [D]. the withdrawal of bank support.
37. According to Paragiaph 2? the USPS fails to modernize itself due to [A] , the inteiference from interest gioups. [B] .the inadequate funding from Congress. [Cj .the shrinking demand for postal service. fD] .the incompetence of postal unions.
38. The long-standing complaint by tlie USPS and its unions can be addressed by [A] .removing its burden of retiree health care. [B] .making more investment in new vehicles. [C] .adopting a new rate-increase mechanism. [D] . attracting more fiist-class mail users.
39.In the last paragiaph, the autlior seems to view legislators with [A] respect. [B] tolerance. [C] discontent. [D] gratitude.
40.Which of the following would be tlie best title for the text? [A] The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days [B] The Postal Sendee: Keep Away from My Cheese [C] The USPS: Clironic Illness Requires a Quick Cure [D] The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-Aid Part B Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your angers on ANSWER SHEET. (10points)
A. In December of 1869, Congiess appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the otlier side of the Wliite House,
the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected，and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.
B. Completed in 1875, the State Department's south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876)，Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary's office decorated with cai*ved wood. Oriental mgs, and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetiy floors decorated the office of the Secretary.
C. The State, War, and Na^ Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with fomiulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of tlie nineteenth centuiy and the first quarter of the twentieth cenUuy-the period when the United States emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nation's most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.
D. Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB’s granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Jolmson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy，21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Chmchill once walked its coiridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretaiy of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.
E. Tlie Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national histoiy and the 肌hitectiual heritage ohhe United States. Designed by SupeM Architect of the Treasury，Alfred B. Mullett，it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State，\，and Navy Departments，and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empiie architecture in tlie comitry.
F. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished, it was the laigest office building in Wasliington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled conidors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to iiisiue fire safety. Eight monumental ciuving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters aie capped by foiu* skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.
G. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of tlie Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.
【答案 1 41. (E)—C —42. (G) —43. (A)—F—44. (B)—45. (D) Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then tramlate the underlined segments into Chinese. You?- translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)
Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama.(46) By tlie date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new foims were at first mainly written by scholars and perfonned by amateurs, but in England, as eveiywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular，whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval，literaiy or farcical. Court, school organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for diamatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a fonn of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.
When Shakespeare was twelve years old，the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literaiy distinction were written for school or comt, or for tlie choii* boys of St. Paul's and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at comt.(48) but the professional companies prospered in their peiinanent theaters, and university men with literatuie ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five’ Lyly，Peele， and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetiy and genius to triumph oil tlie common stage -where tliey had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49) A native literary diama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.
The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literaiy liistoiy, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, giowth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced，as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50)T〇 realize how great was the diamatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has suivived.
【参考译文]
46. 到莎士比亚出生的年代，欧洲经历了宗教戏剧的消亡，以及在古典悲剧和喜剧的影响下 新的戏剧形式的产生。
47. 每个进入文法学校学习的少年都知道戏剧是一种文学形式，这种文学形式赋予希胎和罗 马以荣耀，并且可能给英国带来荣耀。
48. 但是这些专业公司在其永久剧院中兴起来了，进而，一些有文学抱负的大学生很快投身 到这些当作谋生手段的剧院中。