IV. Translate the following Chinese expressions into English.
1. 国际贸易 2. 世界贸易 3. 对外贸易 4. 海外贸易 5. 规模经济 6. 经济增长 7. 外汇 8. 汇率 9. 国外市场 10. 有形贸易 11. 无形贸易 12. 贸易差额 13. 贸易顺差 14. 贸易逆差 15. 贸易壁垒 16. 非关税壁垒 17. 财政关税 18. 保护关税 19. 配额 20. 自由贸易 21. 贸易形式 22. 代理 23. 经销 24. 对销贸易 25. 寄售 26. 投标 27. 委托人 28. 订购代理 29. 独立代理 30. 保付代理 31. 包销商 32. 一般经销商 33. 补偿贸易 34. 全部补偿 35. 部分补偿 36. 互购 37. 平行贸易 38. 转手贸易 39. 抵消贸易 40. 公开招标 41. 商品描述 42. 品名
43. 凭样品买卖 44. 对等样品 45. 原样 46. 参考样品 47. 凭规格买卖 48. 良好平均品质49. 上好适销品质 50. 品牌 51. 商标 52. 品质公差 53. 毛重 54. 净重 55. 公吨
56. 溢短装条款 57. 增减条款 58. 包装 59. 散装货 60. 大路货 61. 运输方式 62. 海洋运输 63. 班轮 64. 不定期轮 65. 铁路运输 66. 公路运输 67. 航空运输 68. 集装箱运输 69. 整箱货 70. 拼箱货 71. 集装箱站 72. 多式联运 73. 托运人 74. 收货人 75. 装运时间 76. 装运港 77. 目的港 78. 装运通知 79. 分批装运 80. 转运 81. 承保人 82. 保险公司 83. 保（险）费 84. 被保险人 85. 全部损失 86. 部分损失 87. 共同海损 88. 单独海损 89. 战争险 90. 罢工险 91. 平安险 92. 水渍险 93. 一切险
94. 偷窃提货不着险95. 保险范围 96. 保险单
97. 保险凭证 98. 预约保险单 99. 联合凭证 100. 批单 101. 单价 102. 总值 103. 欧元 104. 价格术语 105. 计价货币 106. 支付货币 107. 本币 108. 硬通货币 109. 软货币 110. 汇率
111. 外汇保值条款112. 中间商 113. 明佣 114. 净价 115. 含佣价 116. 暗佣 117. 现金折扣 118. 特殊折扣 119. 明折扣 120. 暗折扣 121. 支付方式 122. 支付工具 123. 银行票汇 124. 汇付 125. 信汇 126. 电汇 127. 票汇 128. 支票
161. 开证申请人 162. 开证行 163. 通知行 164. 代理行 165. 议付行 166. 偿付 167. 付款行 168. 清算行 169. 受让人 170. 第一受益人 171. 有效期 172. 承兑
173. 修改通知书 174. 保兑
175. 运输代理行 176. 运费率 177. 重量吨 178. 尺码吨 179. 从价运费 129. 本票
130. 不可撤销信用证 131. 保兑信用证 132. 即期信用证 133. 远期信用证 134. 不可转让信用证 135. 远期汇票 136. 商业汇票 137. 承兑交单 138. 跟单托收 139. 即期付款交单 140. 远期付款交单 141. 检验 142. 索赔 143. 不可抗力 144. 仲裁
145. 质量检验证书 146. 数量检验证书 147. 重量检验证书 148. 价值检验证书 149. 原产地证
150. 离岸质量和重量 151. 到岸质量和重量 152. 异议 153. 罚金 154. 赔偿 155. 仲裁机构 156. 仲裁庭 157. 裁决 158. 审理
159. 首席仲裁员 160. 独任仲裁员180. 议价费率 181. 普通货运费率 182. 指定商品运价 183. 装卸时间 184. 滞期费 185. 速遣费 186. 航空运单 187. 运单
188. 多式联运单据 189. 已装船提单 190. 清洁提单 191. 记名提单 192. 不记名提单 193. 指示提单 194. 联运提单 195. 报关 196. 溢卸货物
197. 漏泄货物/溢载货物198. 短卸货物
199. 200. 201. 205. 206. 207. 208. 209. 退关货物 装货通知 普通税率 制单 商业发票 托运单 装箱单 运单 202. 203. 204. 210. 211. 212. 213. 214. 优惠税率 海关估价 短装关税 海关发票 进口许可证 运费预付 运费到付 正本提单
V. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions listed below.
Passage One
market sold home raw production focused company transportation
More and more of the great corporations have come to consider their “natural” markets to be the globe, not just their___________ countries. The struggle in automobiles, in computers, in telecommunications, in steel, is for shares of a world___________. This is way we find the ___________ such as IBM or General Motors considering the whole globe as their “sourcing” of ___________ materials, the location of production and the place of sales effort. With modern rapid air___________, instant global data information, and highly organized systems of ___________, the manufacture of commodities is more and more easily moved to the country that produces them more cheaply, and their sale is ___________ on the countries that represent the richest markets. Thus we have a radio whose parts have been made in Hong Kong, assembled in Mexico, and___________ in the United Sates-by a Japanese manufacture. Passage Two
payment carried contracts customer buy imported
In a countertrade transaction, the foreign ___________ who provides the equipment or technology undertakes to ___________ from the Chinese firms’ goods of a value equivalent to that of what he himself supplies. Thus two ___________ are entered into: one for export by the foreign customer with immediate settlement and the other for his counterpurchase from the Chinese firms with immediate settlement too. A countertrade may also be ___________ out by a direct exchange of goods between the two sides without the cash ___________. The difference, if any, between the price of the goods exported and that of the goods___________ will be settled in cash. Passage Three
appoint turnover expenses total grant agency expect quantity
A: I’m here to apply for the sole ___________ of your products in our local market. What about your ideas?
B: I’m sorry that we can’t agree to ___________ you as our sole agent because the annual ___________ you promised is too low.
A: Do you mean that you won’t appoint an agent?
B: Of course not. It depends on the total annual turnover you can fulfill.
A: We’ll increase the ___________ to 5,000 sets if you entrust us as your sole agent.
B: We think it is rather conservative. Our price is the lowest among all similar products. It is not difficult to get customers for our products.
A: Then, I’ll bear a risk and raise quantity by another 5,000 electric fans this year, making a ___________ of 10,000 sets. We ___________ a commission of 10%.
B: Usually, we ___________ our agents a 3---5% commission. Besides, as the sole agency, you could control the market easily and don’t have to spend extra ___________. In this case, we can only allow you a 7% commission. A: That’s a deal. Passage Four
delivered purposes invoice shipment submit insurance transactions defined
The CIF contract is a type of contract which is more widely and more frequently in use than any other contracts used for ___________of sea-borne business. A large number of ___________ are carried out every year under CIF contracts.
The seller’s obligations under CIF contract have been ___________ as follows: (1) to ship goods as contained in the contract at the port of ___________. (2) to obtain a contract under which the goods will be ___________ at the destination stipulated by the contract. (3) to arrange for a/an ___________upon the terms current in the trade which will be available for the benefits of the buyer. (4) to make out an ___________ with the agreed price, or the actual cost, commission charges, freight, insurance premium and so on. (5) to ___________ the relative documents to the buyer to enable him to obtain delivery of the goods. Passage Five
undergoes given sacrificed minimize pack suited
Experience has shown that the packing used in transportation of goods for home trade is not usually ____________ to foreign shipping. Most foreign shipping takes many weeks or months to reach its destination and frequently ____________ rough handling in loading and unloading. So the packing must be strong enough. Of course, consideration must also be ____________ to packing cost and the weather conditions through which the ship sails en route and those in the country of destination. Besides, the exporter has to ____________the shipment as lightly and compactly as possible in order to ____________ the freight charges. However, strength and appearance should not be ____________ for a saving
in freight. Passage Six
under decide allowing choosing regulations avoid
In ____________ port of shipment and port of destination, several considerations must be made. First, try to make the port of shipment and port of destination clear if it is possible. Second, allow some flexibility by ____________ optional ports because sometimes when the contract is concluded, it might not be possible to ____________ precisely on the exact point where the goods should be delivered by the seller for carriage or at the final destination. Third, consider political factors. For example, when a country is ____________ an international transaction, sellers might want to ____________ going to the port of that country. Fourth, consider port ____________, facilities and charges. Passage Seven
policy lodge premiums insured calculated coverage compensation certificate
Insurance is the business for providing financial ___________ for losses that the insured against. The payments are made from the pool of insurance ___________ and returns on investment of the insurance company. Insurance premiums are the money the ___________ pay to an insurance company for taking out an insurance ___________. It is ___________ according to the value of what is insured and the scope of insurance ___________ desired. An insurance policy is the document issued by the insurer to the insured after premium is paid. It sets out the exact terms in an insurance transaction such as the insurance coverage, the insured amount, the premium rate, and the insurance duration. An insurance ___________ can be said to be a simplified form of an insurance policy. The insurance policy is the key document for the insured to ___________ a claim in the event of losses. If all the required documents are found in order and the cause of the loss an insured risk, the insurance company pays indemnity, which is expressed as the insured value.
Passage Eight
problem agreement fluctuate contract rises currency
Each country has its own __________ and, since exchange rates are continuously changing, the exporter is faced with uncertainty. The danger is that the rate of exchange will change between the date of the ___________ and the date of payment. Rates of exchange can ___________ rapidly, particularly when there is no international ___________to fix the rates for a particular currency. The banks can help the exporter to overcome this___________ by providing forward exchange cover. Then it would then be the bank which suffers the loss if and when one currency falls in value, but he will make a profit if the currency ___________ in value. Passage Nine
payment bank goods collection documents distrust
Payment either by remittance or by ___________ depends on the commercial credit of the exporter and the importer. While, under L/C, it is the ___________ credit that both parties count on. This solves the possible problems arising from the ___________ between the exporter and the importer as an L/C enables the exporter to draw on a named bank when he presents the required documents. Thus, under L/C, the exporter can feel assured that so long as he has made the delivery of the ___________ and got the required ___________, he can get the payment of the goods in due course and the importer can also feel at ease that he can get the shipping documents when he effects the ___________ of the goods. Passage Ten
agreement decision submitted arises binding arbitrate
Arbitration is a procedure whereby a dispute is ________ for a final and binding decision to a person or persons other than the courts. Arbitration may be required in certain cases by statute. However, such cases are rare, and the right to arbitrate usually ___________ from a contract clause or an arbitration ___________. The parties are obligated to arbitrate only those issues that they have agreed to________. The term “award” describes the___________ of the arbitrators. An award is ___________ on all issues submitted and may be judicially enforced. Once an issue is submitted for arbitration, questions of law are for the arbitrators. They are no longer open to judicial review. Passage Eleven
discrepancies information considered expecting interest control
Exporters ____________ to be paid under an L/C may be sadly disappointed. Although an L/C is ____________ one of the most secure means of obtaining prompt payment for sale of goods, exporters should be made to understand that they can never totally ____________ the payment process. It is difficult to obtain ____________ from banks on how often letters of credit go wrong. Since banks are selling a product, it is understandable that there is little ____________ on their part in letting the public know how often the product does not work. In practice, delayed opening of the L/C and ____________ between L/C and contract or other regulations often occur and influence the payment in international