独立主格结构：1、名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词 2、在句中作状语
3、分词的一种，也有分词的几种事时态 4、with/ without复合结构
P41-49] All things _________, the planned trip will have to be called off.
A) considered B) be considered C) considering D) having considered
注：分词题型中 having +ed 都不要考虑
P6-58]The speaker, _________ for her splendid speeches, was
warmly received by the audience .A) having known B) being known C) knowing D) known
注：having + v-ed做定语和状语都不会是答案
[P22-44]Homework _________ on time will lead to better grades. A) done B) be done C) having done D) to have been done
[P22-45]The speech _________, a lively discussion started.
A) being delivered B) was delivered C) be delivered D) having been delivered
注：1. 考的是过去式独立主格结构。
2. 按时间顺序，先讲座后讨论，所以选D。
[P37-36]As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free,
tax-supported schools must be established in every town _____ 50 households or more.
A) having B) to have C) to have had D) having had
[P44-48]The speech which he made _____ the project has bothered me greatly.
A) being concerned B) concerned C) be concerned D) concerning
注：1. which he made定语从句本身不是划线的内容的话，可以将其去掉不考虑。
2. concerning 为介词，关于。相当于 about/ over（国外常用）； concerning/ as to（国内考试用）。 3. bother 打扰；brother 兄弟 fiend 魔鬼；friend 朋友 动名词：动作性的名词
1、是名词，可作主语和宾语。
2、两种形式：-ing 形式表示主动Seeing is believing；being + v-ed 表被动 being exposed to。
3、前面可有动作的发出者，即带主语（宾格/所有格）I remember him offering.
4、后面可有动作的承受者，即带宾词 Starving troops is necessary. 5、动名词作主语时谓语动词一定要用单数。 6、动名词的否定前面直接加not。
口诀：动名词功能多 能做主能做宾
主动形式-ing 被动形式being done 可带宾可加主 主为宾格所有格 [P8-44]
After _________ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.
A) being interviewed B) interviewed C) interviewing D) having interviewed
注：介词后缺宾语，应为被动形式。 [P44-45]
_________ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.
A) The girl was educated B) The girl educated
C) The girl?s being educated D) The girl to be educated 需要接动名词的动词：
COMPARE: consider object to mind prevent/ permit avoid risk enjoy
MISTAKE: miss imagine suggest tolerate appreciate keep escape
[P5-49]The teacher doesn?t permit _________ in class.
A) smoke B) to smoke C) smoking D) to have a smoke
[P5-51]I appreciate _________ to your home.
A) to be invited B) to have invited C) having invited D) being invited [P8-41]
Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _______ for her examination.
A) to prepare B) to be prepared C) preparing D) being prepared 注：be busy doing
[P11-42]Mark often attempts to escape _______ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
A) having been fined B) to have been fined C) being fined D) to be fined
[P11-41]I would appreciate ______ it a secret.
A) you to keep B) your keeping C) that you keep D) that you will keep
[P18-58]The man in the corner confessed to _________ a lie to the manager of the company.
A) have told B) having told C) being told D) be told
注：1. to 在这里是介词。（having+v-ed唯一正确的一次） 2. to 作介词的词组：object to, look forward to 等 [P19-48]
It’s no use _________me not to worry.
A) you tell B) your telling C) for you to have told D) having told 注：固定句型 It's no use doing. 做什么事情是没有用的
[P20-55]They are considering _________before the prices go up.
A) of buying the house B) with buying the house C) buying the house D) to buy the house
[P20-59]He went ahead _________ all warnings about the danger of his mission.
A) in case of B) because of C) regardless of D) prior to
注: 1. go ahead 继续 2. mission 任务 [P20-65]
None of the servants were _________ when Mr. smith wanted to send a message. A) available
B) approachable C) attainable D) applicable
不定式的常考形式：作定语，作状语 1、作状语表目的 To become a teacher, you must have a master degree. 2、定语表示将要做，分词作定语表示已完成。the surface to be glued （即将被粘好的）/ the surface glued（已经被粘好的）
3、不定式的省略，如 help，使役动词 have，感观动词 see。 口诀：一个感觉 feel
两个听 hear/ listen to
三个让 have/ make/ get/ let（听力中） 四个看 notice/ watch/ observe/ see 半个 help 两均可 被动以后 to 还原
[P19-53]My sister?s professor had her _________ her paper many times before allowing her to present it to the committee. A) rewritten B) to rewrite C) rewrite D) rewriting 注：have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 [P20-54]
Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _________ it closely. A) followed B) following C) to follow D) being followed 注：1. 独立主格结构
2. 两个名词之间用-ing形式 3. 自然现象用主动形式
[P28-42]Don?t get your schedule _________; stay with us in this class. A) to change B) changing C) changed D) change
[P38-44]They are going to have the technician _________ an electric
fan in the office tomorrow. A) install B) to install C) to be installed D) installed
注：1. 主动才能带宾语，have sb. do sth. 结构。 2. technician 技术工人
[P50-67]In Australia the Asians make their influence _________ in businesses large and small.
A) felling B) feel C) felt D) to be felt
[P50-42]I'm very sorry to have _______ you with so many questions on such an occasion.
A) interfered B) offended C) impressed D) bothered 注：1. interfer 干涉，干扰 2. offend 冒犯 3. impress 印象；express 表达 4. bother 打扰
[P51-46]I have heard both teachers and students _______ well of him. A) to speak B) spoken C) to have spoken D) speak [P51-52]William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, _______ defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion.
A) peculiarly B) indifferently C) vigorously D) inevitably 注: peculiarly 奇特的
[P58-30]You will see this product _______ wherever you go.
A) to be advertised B) advertised C) advertise D) advertising [P63-16]They noticed a crowd of people in front of the Madeleine _____.
A) shouting and cheering B) to shout and cheer
C) to be shouting and cheering D) being shouted and cheered [P2-55]The children went there to watch the iron tower _______ A) to erect B) be erected C) erecting D) being erected
加不定式与doing含义不一样的动词
FROGS:forget remember/ regret go on stop + doing 表示已做的事情 + to do 表示没做的事情
[P10-62]I remember ______ to help us if we ever got into trouble. A) once offering B) him once offering C) him to offer D) to offer him
[P27-40]If I had remembered ______ the window, the thief would not