般的。 common sense / knowledge
Are you returning home at the usual time today? 通常，往常，一
贯如此。 as usual
Tom Sawyer was an ordinary American boy who kept getting into
trouble. 普通的，平常的，平凡的。
A new regular bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago. 有规律的，定期的，经常的。
My life was delighted that things had returned to normal once again. 正常的，智力，精神正常的。
【opposite , contrary 】
His house is opposite to mine. 指位置、方向、地位、意义等对
立的、相反的。be opposite to 在。。。对面。
This is something quite contrary to my expectations. 主张、看法
行为等相反的，含有互相冲突，不一致。
【realize , recognize , know 】
He didn’t realize his mistake until his mother told him. 认识到，意
识到，实现，完成。
It’s hard for me to recognize his voice on the phone. 认出，辨认，
承认。为短暂性动词，不接时间段作状语。
We have known each other for many years. 知道，了解，熟悉，认
识。可接时间段作状语。
【scene , scenery , sight , view 】
The scene after the earthquake was horrible. 指展现在眼前的情
景，也可指scenery的一部分。含景物中的人。
He had a chance to see the historical sights of London. 指场景、眼
前看到的景观。可指名胜、风景。用复数。
Hangzhou is world-famous for its beautiful scenery. 指某地总的
自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色。
There is a fine view of the mountain from our hotel. 指从远处或
高处看到部分景色。
【separate , divide 】
Please separate the good apples from the bad ones. 把聚合在一起
的事物、东西分开，常与from 连用。
Please divide the apple into two parts. 把一个整体分成若干部
分，常与into 连用。
【struggle , fight 】
The soldiers fought bravely in the battle. 打仗，战斗，主要指肉
体上的对抗。常指打架。
On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the
light she had seen.挣扎，斗争。指肉体和精神 上的搏斗。暗指在艰难处境中奋力挣扎。 【broad , wide 】
She lost her heart to the soldier with the broad shoulder and the
deep voice. 指某物覆盖面的范围，肩、背、胸。
His reading covers a wide range of subjects. 着重指边沿间相隔
的距离以及广泛之意。
【cause , reason , excuse 】
I don’t know the cause and effect. 起因，原因，指引起某种结果
的必然原因。常与of 搭配。强调事实。
There are many reasons for animals dying out. 理由，原因，用于
解释已发生事情的理由，借口。常与for连用。强调逻辑推理，理由不一定真实。
I haven’t done the work well; my excuse is that I have been ill. 指
免受指责或推卸责任而找的理由、原因，即借口。常与for 连用。
【advantage , benefit , profit 】
It is to your advantage to invest wisely. 好处或利益，所获之
物。
Young people get great benefit from reading. 指各方面的受益。 Their investment has brought them a lot of profit. 多指金钱方面
的利益、利润。
【bravery , courage 】
He showed great bravery in saving the drowing child. 勇敢，指处
于某种紧迫情况下大胆无畏的行动勇气。
Although blinded by the explosing, he faced the future with courage.
勇气，勇敢，指使人面对危险、困难、痛苦等而不感到惧怕的精神力量。
【character , characteristic , quality , personality 】
He has a changeable character. 品质，性格特色，特征，个人、
集体或范畴的区别特征或属性。
What characteristics distinguish the Americans from the Canadians?
指与众不同的特征。
Modesty is one of his good qualites. 品质，指个体的特点，尤
指好的品质。
His personality left a deep impression on us. 个性，指个人聚集的
品质、行为、脾气、情绪和精神的性格。
【circumstance , surrounding , environment , occasion 】
In normal circumstances I would have resigned immediately. 环
境，情形，形势，多用复数。
He didn't pay much attention to his surroundings. surrounding 只
能做形容词。surroundings 为周围的事物，指一个人四周的生活环境。
Children need a happy home environment. 环境，一般用单数，
强调环境对人的感受，道德的影响。
He seized the occasion to invited her home for dinner. 时机，机
会。
【cost , price , charge , expense 】
Living costs are higher in cities than in the country. 耗费，成本。包
括对某事所付出的一切费用、时间、劳力。
It must be done at any price. 价格。指商品出售时所定的价格。
还有代价。
How much is the charge for this coffee? 零花钱或给予服务后索
要的费用。
His parents decided to cut down his expenses at college. 多用复
数，指大量的花费、支出。如求学、旅游。
【energy , force , power , strength 】
Young people usually have more energy than the old. 指人在活动
中表现出的生机勃勃的“力”。
He had to use force to get the lid off the can. 指为克服阻力而运
用或发挥出来的“力量”。
You can really feel the power of the sun here. 含义最广，包括一
切抽象和具体的力。
He hasn’t got enough strength to get out of bed. 指人或物体内在
的耐力、抵抗力、气力。
【heart , mind 】
He married the girl of his heart. 侧重情感之心。
We expect there to be more students with good mind. 侧重理智
之心。
【especially , specially , particularly 】
The Great Wall had been added to, rebuilt and repaired, especially during the Ming Dynasty. 尤其
These books are specially written for beginners. 指为某一特别目的而做。
He was particularly / especially interested in the stories about kings. 意义相仿，常可通用。
Rice grows well in their county, especially in their village.
2).动作结果不同：
advise persuade / look for find / look see /
listen hear / try manage / treat cure
3).动作状态不同：
begin be on catch fire be on fire
4).主观客观不同： receive accept
5).直接间接不同：
hear hear of know know of learn learn of
6).有无—ly的副词不同：
①无—ly的副词表具体意义， 有—ly的副词表抽象意义。
wide widely deep deeply high highly low
lowly close closely ②有无—ly的副词，意思不同：
Near nearly hard hardly most mostly dear
dearly late lately bad badly
【buy , cost , pay , spend , take 】
buy:指购买。常见搭配：buy sb. sth.; buy sth. for sb. / sth. cost:指花钱、时间、劳力等。. Sth. cost sb sth. pay: 指花钱.常见搭配：Sb. pay money for sth. spend: :指花钱、时间等。常见搭配：Sb. spend …in doing sth. / on
sth.
take: 主要指花时间。常见结构：It takes / took sb. some time to do
sth.
【offer , supply , provide 】
Josie offered him 500 dollars to do the work.
Our farm supplies the market with fruits and vegetables. The school provided books for the children.
【be known as , be known for , be known to , be known in 】 be known as +名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。 “作为。。。
而著名”
be known for +名词表示某人或某物的特点、特长。 “因。。。
而著名”
be known to + 表示人的词语。 “为。。。所了解、知道” be known in + 表地点的词语。
四、拼写角度对比词汇：
1.容易漏写字母的词：
1).易漏写不发音字母的词：
Christmas cupboard handkerchief handsome exhibition
whisper neighbor fasten doubt